Macrococcus

Macrococcus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacillota
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Staphylococcaceae
Genus:	Macrococcus; Kloos et al. 1998
Type species
	M. equipercicus;
Species
	Macrococcus bovicus ; Macrococcus brunensis ; Macrococcus canis ; Macrococcus carouselicus ; Macrococcus caseolyticus ; Macrococcus equipercicus ; Macrococcus hajekii ; Macrococcus lamae Contents History ; Description ; Genome ; Evolution ; Clinical ; Etymology ; References ; External links ;

Last updated May 08, 2023

Macrococcus is a genus of Gram-positive cocci belonging to the family Staphylococcaceae. The genus was created in 1998.^[2]

History

The first recognised species in this genus (Macrococcus caseolyticus) was initially named Micrococcus caseolyticus by Evans in 1916. It was then renamed Staphylococcus caseolyticus by Schleifer et al in 1982. It received its current designation in 1998 by Kloos et al.

Description

Members of the genus Macrococcus are Gram-positive, nonmotile, non-spore-forming cocci that are coagulase negative and catalase positive. They can be distinguished phenotypically from most staphylococci on the basis of their cellular morphology (they are 2.5 – 4.0 times larger in diameter compared to Staphylococcus aureus ) and their positive cytochrome c oxidase reaction. Species in this genus are resistant to bacitracin and lysozyme and sensitive to furazolidone. The DNA base content is 38–45 mol% G+C. The cell walls lack teichoic acid. They are usually unencapsulated.

The type species is Macrococcus equipercicus.^[2]^[3]

Genome

The first genome of this genus was sequenced in 2009^[4]

Evolution

This genus is the closest known relation of the genus Staphylococcus. Within Staphylococcus , the closest relations of Macrococcus appear to be the Staphylococcus sciuri group.

Clinical

This genus is not known to cause human disease.

A methicillin resistance gene has been identified in this genus.^[5] The significance of this discovery is not yet clear.

Etymology

The name Macrococcus is a masculine Neo-Latin noun composed of the Greek adjective makros (μάκρος) meaning "large"^[6] and the Neolatin masculine noun coccus intended to mean a coccus shaped bacterium, as it comes from the Greek masculine noun kokkos (κόκκος) meaning "berry",^[7] consequently the noun Macrococcus, means "large coccus".^[2]

The eymology of the epithet of the 8 species^[3] contained in the genus are:^[2]^[8]

For M. bovicus ( Kloos et al. 1998), the epithet is the masculine form of bovicus, -a, -um, a Neolatin adjective derived from the Latin noun bos, bovis meaning "cow", given that the type strain was isolated from a cow.
For M. brunensis ( Mannerová et al. 2003), the Latin masculine adjective brunensis meaning from Bruna, the Roman name of the city of Brünn in the Czech Republic, where the type strain was isolated.
M. canis (Gobeli Brawand et al. 2017)^[1]
For M. carouselicus ( Kloos et al. 1998), the Neolatin adjective carouselicus meaning "pertaining " to a carousel".
For M. caseolyticus ((Schleifer et al. 1982) Kloos et al. 1998), the epithet is a Neolatin adjective which is a combination of the Latin noun caseus meaning "cheese" and the Neolatin adjective lyticus (from the Greek adjective lutikos (λυτικός)) meaning "able to dissolve", to mean "casein-dissolving".
For M. equipercicus ( Kloos et al. 1998), the epithet is a Neolatin adjective, meaning "pertaining to Percy, the horse", composed of the Latin noun equus, -i meaning "horse" and the Neolatinised English proper name "Percy" to Percus, -i, which is the name of the Irish thoroughbred horse from which the species was isolated (In Kloos et al. 1998 the component equus is said to be in the genitive case, but more correctly equi" is the root equ-" plus a joining "-i-" as first word is a Latin word,"c.f."^[9]).
M. hajekii ( Mannerová et al. 2003) Neo-Latin genitive case noun hajekii, of Hájek, named after Wenceslaus Hajek, a Czech microbiologist.
M. lamae ( Mannerová; et al. 2003) Neo-Latin feminine gender genitive case noun lamae, of Lama, the zoological genus name of the llama.

Related Research Articles

A coccus is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape. Bacteria are categorized based on their shapes into three classes: cocci (spherical-shaped), bacillus (rod-shaped) and spiral. Coccus refers to the shape of the bacteria, and can contain multiple genera, such as staphylococci or streptococci. Cocci can grow in pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on their orientation and attachment during cell division. In contrast to many bacilli-shaped bacteria, most cocci bacteria do not have flagella and are non-motile.

Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales. Under the microscope, they appear spherical (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobic organisms.

Thermococcus gammatolerans is an archaea extremophile and the most radiation-resistant organism known to exist.

Nosocomiicoccus is a genus of gram-positive cocci. The name is derived nosocomium - hospital; coccus from Greek noun kokkos - a coccus a grain, berry: Nosocomiicoccus - a coccus isolated in a hospital. The genus was erected in 2008. The genus is a member of the family Staphylococcaceae. A common feature of all members of this family is their osmo- and halotolerance - the ability to grow at high salt concentrations.

Thermoanaerobacter is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria). Members of this genus are thermophilic and anaerobic, several of them were previously described as Clostridium species and members of the now obsolete genera Acetogenium and Thermobacteroides

Acidaminococcus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria), whose members are anaerobic diplococci that can use amino acids as the sole energy source for growth. Like other members of the class Negativicutes, they are gram-negative, despite being Bacillota, which are normally gram-positive.

Acidothermus cellulolyticus is a species of gram-variable bacteria. It is the only member of the genus Acidothermus and the family Acidothermaceae.

Actinoalloteichus is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Actinocorallia is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Actinophytocola is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Adhaeribacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria).

Deferribacter is a genus in the phylum Deferribacterota (Bacteria).

Agrococcus is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Agromyces is a genus in the phylum Actinomycetota (Bacteria).

Algoriphagus is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria).

Algibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria).

Alkalibacillus is a genus in the phylum Bacillota (Bacteria).

Croceicoccus is a genus in the phylum Pseudomonadota (Bacteria).

Staphylococcus vitulinus is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative member of the bacterial genus Staphylococcus consisting of clustered cocci. The species was originally isolated from food and animals and was named Staphylococcus vitulus. The name was later changed to Staphylococcus vitulinus for correct Latin grammar.

Macrococcus canis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Macrococcus which has been isolated from the nose of a dog which had mucopurulent rhinitis in Switzerland.

References

1 2 Gobeli Brawand, S; Cotting, K; Gómez-Sanz, E; Collaud, A; Thomann, A; Brodard, I; Rodriguez-Campos, S; Strauss, C; Perreten, V (March 2017). "Macrococcus canis sp. nov., a skin bacterium associated with infections in dogs". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (3): 621–626. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001673 . PMID 27902286.
1 2 3 4 Kloos, W. E., D. N. Ballard, C. G. George, J. A. Webster, R. J. Hubner, W. Ludwig, K. H. Schleifer, F. Fiedler, and K. Schubert. 1998. Delimiting the genus Staphylococcus through description of Macrococcus caseolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov. and Macrococcus equipercicus sp. nov., and Macrococcus bovicus sp. nov, and Macrococcus carouselicus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:859-877
1 2 Macrococcus entry in LPSN ; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-2-590 . PMID 9103655.
↑ Baba T, Kuwahara-Arai K, Uchiyama I, Takeuchi F, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. (2009) Complete genome sequence of Macrococcus caseolyticus strain JCSCS5402, [corrected] reflecting the ancestral genome of the human-pathogenic staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 191(4):1180-1190
↑ Tsubakishita S, Baba K K-A T, and Hiramatsu K (2010) Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec-Like element in Macrococcus caseolyticus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54 (4) 1469-1475
↑ μάκρος . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
↑ κόκκος . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
↑ "IJSEM -- Abstracts: Mannerová et al. 53 (5): 1647". Archived from the original on 2004-03-08.
↑ Help! Latin! How to avoid the most common mistakes while giving Latin names to newly discovered prokaryotes. Microbiología (Sociedad Española de Microbiología), 1996, 12, 473-475. "H.G. Trüper: Help! Latin! How to avoid the most common mistakes while giving Latin names to newly discovered prokaryotes". Archived from the original on 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2011-04-14.

External links

Summary of the genome data

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[Macrococcus.canis-1] 1 2 Gobeli Brawand, S; Cotting, K; Gómez-Sanz, E; Collaud, A; Thomann, A; Brodard, I; Rodriguez-Campos, S; Strauss, C; Perreten, V (March 2017). "Macrococcus canis sp. nov., a skin bacterium associated with infections in dogs". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (3): 621–626. doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001673 . PMID 27902286.

[Kloo1998-2] 1 2 3 4 Kloos, W. E., D. N. Ballard, C. G. George, J. A. Webster, R. J. Hubner, W. Ludwig, K. H. Schleifer, F. Fiedler, and K. Schubert. 1998. Delimiting the genus Staphylococcus through description of Macrococcus caseolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov. and Macrococcus equipercicus sp. nov., and Macrococcus bovicus sp. nov, and Macrococcus carouselicus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:859-877

[lpsn-3] 1 2 Macrococcus entry in LPSN ; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-2-590 . PMID 9103655.

[Baba2009-4] Baba T, Kuwahara-Arai K, Uchiyama I, Takeuchi F, Ito T, Hiramatsu K. (2009) Complete genome sequence of Macrococcus caseolyticus strain JCSCS5402, [corrected] reflecting the ancestral genome of the human-pathogenic staphylococci. J. Bacteriol. 191(4):1180-1190

[Tsubakishita2010-5] Tsubakishita S, Baba K K-A T, and Hiramatsu K (2010) Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec-Like element in Macrococcus caseolyticus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54 (4) 1469-1475

[6] μάκρος . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project

[7] κόκκος . Liddell, Henry George ; Scott, Robert ; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project

[Mannerova-8] "IJSEM -- Abstracts: Mannerová et al. 53 (5): 1647". Archived from the original on 2004-03-08.

[help-9] Help! Latin! How to avoid the most common mistakes while giving Latin names to newly discovered prokaryotes. Microbiología (Sociedad Española de Microbiología), 1996, 12, 473-475. "H.G. Trüper: Help! Latin! How to avoid the most common mistakes while giving Latin names to newly discovered prokaryotes". Archived from the original on 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2011-04-14.

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