The Maharaja of Patiala was the title of the ruler of the princely state of Patiala, in British India. The first ruler of Patiala was Baba Ala Singh (1691 – 1765), who held the title of Raja.[1] The second and third rulers, Amar Singh and Sahib Singh, respectively, held the held the title of Raja-e Rajgan.[2][3] Karam Singh, the fourth ruler, was the first ruler of Patiala who held the title of Maharaja.[2][3] By the time of the seventh Maharaja, Rajinder Singh (1876 – 1900), the Maharaja of Patiala was recognized as the leader of the Sikh community and the most foremost prince in Punjab.[4][5] During the British Raj, the Patiala maharajas were entiled to a 17-gun salute and had precedence over all the other princes in Punjab.[6]
In 1940, Dr. V.S. Bhatti proposed the creation of a Sikh nation called 'Sikhistan,' to be led by the Maharaja of Patiala. He envisioned a "Khalistan" where the Maharaja would be aided by a cabinet comprising representatives from various federating units.[10][11][12][13] These units included the central districts of Punjab province directly administered by the British at that time, including Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Ambala, Firozpur, Amritsar, and Lahore. It also encompassed the princely states of the Cis-Sutlej region, including Patiala, Nabha, Faridkot, and Malerkotla, as well as the states in the 'Shimla Group'.
After the partition of India in 1947, a Sikh publication called The Liberator advocated for Khalistan, proposing that it should include East Punjab merged with the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), with the Maharaja of Patiala as its monarch.[14]
The Maharajas of Patiala were JatSikhs of the Sidhu clan.[15][16] The Patiala maharajas are direct descendants of Rawal Jaisal, who founded the Jaisalmer State (Kingdom of Jaisalmer) in 1156.[17] The maharajas of Patiala, through Jaisal's ancestor, are direct descendants of Rao Bhatti, a 3rd-centuryHindu king.[18][19] Over the centuries, some of Jaisal's descendants established themselves in the Punjab region, and Khewa, a descendant of Jaisal, married the daughter of a Jat Sidhu zamindar, whose children were known by their mother's caste.[17] Khewa's descendant was Baba Phul, the common ancestor of the Phulkian dynasty, and Baba Phul's grandson was Ala Singh, the first ruler of Patiala.[17][20]
Map of the Patiala Kingdom labelled "Protected Areas" in White.Nine courtiers and servants of the Raja of Patiala
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Singh, Bhagat (1993). "Chapter 14 - The Phulkian Misl". A History of the Sikh Misals. Publication Bureau, Punjabi University. pp.188–215.
1 2 3 4 5 6 ANNE-COLOMBE “SAT KAUR” LAUNOIS. “Essence Du Pouvoir de Pattâlâ: Les Estrades Royales Du Qila Mubârak.” Arts Asiatiques, vol. 62, 2007, pp. 46–62. JSTOR, JSTOR43486550. Accessed 15 Feb. 2023.
↑ Journal of Regional History. Vol.2. Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, Department of History. 1994. p.95. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
↑ Panjab Past and Present. Patiala: Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. 2000. pp.94–97. Archived from the original on 20 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
Nankana Sahib is a city and capital of Nankana Sahib District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is named after the first Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Nanak, who was born in the city and first began preaching here. Nankana Sahib is among the most important religious sites for the Sikh religion. It is located about 91 km (57 mi) west of Lahore and about 75 km (47 mi) east of Faisalabad. According to the census of 2017 the city has a population of 110,135 inhabitants. Until 2005, it was a part of the Sheikhupura District.
Patiala is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak constructed by a chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.
Amarinder Singh, is an Indian politician, military historian, former royal and Indian Army veteran who served as the 15th Chief Minister of Punjab. His father was the last Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala. Before starting his political career, Singh was an officer in the Indian Army, where he served from 1963 to 1966.
Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) is a hard-line Sikh nationalist political party led by Simranjit Singh Mann, it is a splinter group of the Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab, India. They use 'Balti', the Punjabi term for bucket as their official election symbol. Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) was formed on 1 May 1994. The party has seen a resurgence in support after the deaths of Deep Sidhu and Sidhu Moose Wala who were supporters and seen as sympathetic to the cause of Simranjit Singh Mann. Their 2022 Lok Sabha victory after more than two decades has been viewed as a resurgence in a political vacuum due to collapse of other traditional political parties in Punjab. The last major victory for Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar) was in the 1989 Lok Sabha elections, where the party and their allies won 10 out of 13 seats from Punjab.
Jind is one of the largest and oldest city in Jind district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is administrative headquarter of Jind district. Rani Talab is the main destination for tourists while Pandu Pindara and Ramrai are the main religious spots, attracting devotees for the holy bath during Amavasya.
Patiala district is one of the twenty three districts in the state of Punjab in north-west India.
Sidhu is a Punjabi Jat clan found in Punjab.
Majha is a region located in the central parts of the historical Punjab region, currently split between the republics of India and Pakistan. It extends north from the right banks of the river Beas, and reaches as far north as the river Jhelum. People of the Majha region are given the demonym "Mājhī" or "Majhail". Most inhabitants of the region speak the Majhi dialect, which is the basis of the standard register of the Punjabi language. The most populous city in the area is Lahore on the Pakistani side, and Amritsar on the Indian side of the border.
Sir Bhupinder Singh, was the Maharaja of Patiala and a cricket player. Singh's reign as Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala, in British India, lasted from 1900 to 1938. He was born in a Sidhu royal Jat Sikh family. During his reign, Singh was most noted for his extravagance, contributions to sports, and for being an ally to the British Raj. He was also a member of the Phulkian dynasty.
Bhadaur is a town in Barnala district in the state of Punjab, India. It is part of the Bhadaur Assembly Constituency.
Samana is a town and a municipal council, nearby Patiala City in Patiala district in the Indian state of Punjab.
Yadavindra Singh was the ninth and last ruling Maharaja of Patiala from 1938 to 1947. Singh kept his royal titles until 1971, when princely titles were abolished through the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India. He was also a diplomat, sports administrator and former cricketer who played one Test in 1934.
Malaudh was a Cis-Sutlej Phulkian princely state of India till 1846, after which it was merged into the Ludhiana District by the British when they annexed the territories around Ludhiana. The town of Malaudh, or Maloud, is situated at a distance of about 40 kilometres from Ludhiana on the Ludhiana-Malerkotla Road and is linked by approach road kup-payal road though village Rorian which is now part of it as Nagar Panchayat. It lies on 75°- 56' Longitude and 30° – 38' Latitude. Malaudh is a very ancient place which was known as Malla Udey or rise of the Mallas with whom Multan or Mallustan is associated and later got corrupted to Malaudh. There was a The Loharan about 1 kilometer on the southern side which has now disappeared. Malaudh has a government high school (co-educational), middle school for girls and a primary school for boys, a post office, primary health centre and a veterinary dispensary. Malaudh became a part of the Ludhiana District when it was formed out of the territories annexed by the British in 1846.
The Phulkian Dynasty of Maharajas or sardars were Sikh rulers and aristocrats in the Punjab region of India. They governed the states of Faridkot, Jind, Nabha, Malaudh, Bhadaur, Badrukhan and Patiala, allying themselves with the British Raj as per the Cis-Sutlej treaty. Members of the Phulkian dynasty, who are the direct descendants of Rawal Jaisal, the founder of Jaisalmer, migrated to the present-day Malwa region in Punjab.
Sardar Nanu Singh Saini was a Sikh army general and a well-known jagirdar in Phulkian riyasat. He was a close associate of Maharaja Ala Singh who founded the Patiala state in 1753 AD.
Patiala State was a self-governing princely state in British India, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian independence and partition in 1947. The state was founded by Ala Singh. Patiala State was the largest and most important princely state in the Punjab Province. The state's ruler, the Maharaja of Patiala, was entitled to a 17-gun salute and held precedence over all other princes in the Punjab Province during the British Raj.
Mahendra Singh (1852-1876) was the Maharaja of Patiala from 1862 to 1876.
The State of Malerkotla or Maler Kotla was established by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs, is a princely state in the Punjab region since the era of British India. Which was taken over by Sarwani and Lodi Pashtun dynasty from Afghanistan, and named Malerkotla as capital.
Phulkian Misl was a Sikh misl named after Choudhary Phul Singh.
Ala Singh (1691–1765) was the founder and first ruler of the princely state of Patiala. Singh was born into the Sikh Phulkian dynasty, which claimed an ancient lineage tracing back to Rawal Jaisal, the founder and ruler of Jaisalmer in the 12th century, and further back to Rao Bhatti, a Hindu king in the 3rd century. Rising to power through key battle, Singh expanded his territory in Punjab.
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