Under the three-tier Panchayat Raj Institution system,[3] Nawabganj comes under Bareilly Zila (district) Panchayat (ZP) and is a headquarters of block panchayat covering 86 gram panchayats.[4][5][6] There are 1007 gram panchayats in Bareilly district[7] and 52,002 Gram Panchayats in the Uttar Pradesh state.[3]
History
Nawabganj was originally called Bijauria. The present name refers to a market built here under Asaf-ud-Daula, who was Nawab of Oudh in the late 1700s. The market quickly came to prosper, benefitting from its advantageous position on the road from Bareilly to Pilibhit, and in 1815 it was made the headquarters of a newly created tehsil and pargana (it had previously been part of Karor pargana in Bareilly tehsil). Around the turn of the 20th century, Nawabganj was described as a compactly built town, with markets held four times a week and generating significant trade in local produce. A large fair was held on the festival day of Dasahra. The population in 1901 was 4,199, consisting of 2,352 Hindus, 1,819 Muslims, and 28 Christians.[8]
Demographics and geography
In 1865, the population of Nawabganj town was 4,418 and population of Nawabganj pargana was 1,22,264. Population growth between 1891 and 1901 was only 2.2%[9] because of severe droughts in 1860-61 and 1869-70.[2][10]
Nawābganj — Central tahsil of Bareli (Bareilly) District, North Western Provinces, conterminous with the pargana of Nawabganj; consisting of a well-tilled portion of the level Rohilkhand plain, with a few shallow grooves cut therein by numerous rivers and canals, which form its most salient feature. The principal of these rivers, proceeding from east to west, are the following:— Deoha, Apsāra, Pangaili, Bahgul, Nakatia and Deoraniya, with several tributaries and irrigation distributary canals. Population (1871) 1,24,276; (1881) 1,17,002, namely, males 62,931 and females 54,071. decrease in population since 1872, 7274, or 5.8 percent in nine years. Classified according to religion, the population in 1881 consisted of — Hindus, 95,470; Muhammadans, 21,531; and 1 'other'. Of the 303 villages in 1881, 227 contained less than five hundred inhabitants; 61 from five hundred to a thousand; 12 from one to one to two thousand; and only 3 from two to three thousand.
According to the official statement in 1878, Nawabganj tahsil contains an area of 226 1⁄3 square miles, of which 177 square miles were then cultivated. Of the total cultivated area, autumn crops occupy 73.15 percent, and spring crops 26.85 percent. The principal autumn staples are rice, sugar-cane, and bajra; and the principal spring crops, wheat and barley. The area irrigated, either by artificial works, or by natural overflow of alluvial lands, is returned at 57 percent of the cultivated area. The Government land revenue in 1878 amounted to £22,803, or an average of 4s. 73⁄4d. per cultivated acre. Total Government land revenue, including local rates and cesses levied on the land, £25,242. Estimated total rental paid by the cultivators (a large proporation of which is paid in kind), £36,720.
The landholding classes are principally Muhammadans, Kayasths, Kurmis, and Brahmans. About 47 percent of the cultivated area is cultivated by Kurmis, 8.6 percent by Brahmans, and 6.6 percent by Chamars. Tenants with rights of occupancy[12] are more than three times as numerous as any other class of cultivators. Sugar-boiling is the only important manufacture. The chief local marts for surplus produce are Nawabganj, Saithal, Baraur, and Hafizganj. The first and last being situated on the only road in the tahsil, the metalled line from Bareli to Pilibhit, and also on or near the newly opened Pilibhit branch of the Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway. In 1883, Nawabganj tahsil contained 1 criminal court, with 2 police circles (thanas), regular police force numbering 29 men, and a village watch or rular police of 229 chaukidars.
Nawābganj — Town in Bareli (Bareilly) District, North-Western Provinces, and headquarters of Nawabganj tahsil; situated on the metalled road between Bareli and Pilibhit, 19 miles north-east of the former town. Nawabganj was founded between 1775 and 1797 by Asaf-ud-Daula, Nawab of Oudh. Population (1881) 4,343. Besides the usual tahsil courts and offices, Nawabganj contains a first-class police station, imperial post-office, and Anglo-vernacular school.
The town of Hafizganj already existed when Nawabganj was founded. Hafiz Rahmat Khan founded Hafizganj in order to offer merchants a resting place on the road from Bareilly to Pilibhit. New ganjes or quasbas were established to lure foreign trade and credit towards the Rohilla territories.[13]
Nawābganj Tehsil — East Central tahsil of Bareilly District, United Provinces, conterminous with the pargana of the same name, lying between 28° 21′ and 28° 39′ N. and 79° 28′ and 79° 47′ E., with an area of 221 square miles. Population increased from 1,24,349 in 1891 to 1,27,160 in 1901. There are 308 villages and three towns, none of which has a population of 5000. The demand for land revenue in 1903-4 was Rs. 2,51,000 and for cesses Rs. 42,000. The density of population, 575 persons per square miles, is below the District average. The tahsil is a gently sloping plain, intersected by several small rivers from which canals are drawn. It is not so damp as the Baheritahsil to the north, but the increase in population between 1891 and 1901 was less than in the south of District. Rice and sugar-cane are largely grown. In 1903-4, 178 square miles were cultivated, of which 55 were irrigated. Canals supply half the irrigated area, and wells most of the remainder.[15]
As a sugar engineer, William Hulme was assigned to study the indigenous methods of sugar manufacture with a view to determining the best methods of extracting and concentrating the juice for the manufacture of gur and white sugar respectively, both on the scale within the means of individuals or small groups of cultivators, and on a scale suited to the resources of capitalists now engaged in the industry in India.[19][20]
Nawabganj Experimental Sugar Factory (1914–15)
Rivers
Pungheli The Pungeilee rises in a jheel near Mouzah Bhugnera in Pergunnah Jehanabad, traverses Jehanabad and Nawabgunj, and joins the Apsurha at Moondeea. It is fed by springs in its bed which is of clay and sand. The stara pierced through in sinking wells of the bridge on the pillibheet road were alternately clay and sand down to 20 feet below the surface, when boulders were first met with.[2]
Kandu The Kandoo is a small stream which rises near Aspore in Pergunnah Nawabgunj, and falls into the east Bygool and Bhursur in Crore. It is crossed by the Pillibheet road by an old masonry bridge near Sithra in Nawabgunj. The banks are steep, and there is very little irrigation from it.[2]
Begul River Canals The Bygool Canals take their origin from the Roodpore and Bhanpore earthen dams, and the Chooreyli and Giram masonry dams. After leaving the Terai, they run through Jehanabad, Ritcha, and Nawabgunj Pergunnahs. They consist of a group of small water-courses known as the Burha feeder, and the Sisona, Bhanpore, Nukutpore, Suseynia, Chooreylee, Girem, and Ougunpore Rujbuhas. None of them are more than about 10′ in width, and their velocity is 3′ per second. They can irrigate about 30,000 acres per year.[2]
Politics
Present Member of Parliament (MP) in Lok sabha: Mr. Santosh Gangwar, Bhartiya Janta party, holding the charge of State Minister of Finance Ministry, in Government of India
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