Basti district

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Basti district
Ramrekha Mandir, Amorha, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India (raamrekhaa mndir - amoddh'aa).jpg
Ramrekha Mandir, Amorha
India Uttar Pradesh districts 2012 Basti.svg
Location of Basti district in Uttar Pradesh
CountryFlag of India.svg  India
State Uttar Pradesh
Division Basti
Headquarters Basti
Government
   Lok Sabha constituencies Basti
   MP Harish Dwivedi
Area
[1]
  Total2,688 km2 (1,038 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
  Total2,464,464
  Density920/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Language
  Official Hindi [2]
  Additional official Urdu [2]
  Regional languages Awadhi   Bhojpuri
Demographics
   Literacy 67.2 per cent
  Sex ratio963 [1]
Time zone UTC+05:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration UP-51
Major highways National Highway 28
Average annual precipitation1166 mm
Website basti.nic.in

Basti district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India, and a part of Basti Division. Basti city is the district headquarters.

Contents

Origin of name and history

Basti was originally known as Vaishishthi. [3] The origin of the name Vaishishthi is attributed to the fact that this area was the ashram of Rishi (sage) Vashistha in ancient period. Rama with his younger brother Lakshmana had been here for some time with Rishi Vashistha.

The district was formerly a major centre of Buddhism, being close to the holy sites of Kapilavastu and Shravasti. British records then claim that after the decline of Buddhism, the district gradually became covered by jungle and was the home of the Bhars and Tharus. The tract comprising the present district was remote and much of it was covered with forest. But gradually the area became inhabitable, for want of recorded and reliable history it cannot, with any degree of certainty, be said how the district came to be known by its present name :

“On account of the original habitation (Basti) having been selected by the Kalhans Raja Udai Raj Singh as a seat of his Raj, an event which probably occurred in the 15th century. In 1801, Basti became the Tehsil headquarters and in 1865 it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established district. Raja Udai Raj Singh was the first ruler of Kalhans dynasty based at Basti. [4]

In 1801, the town Basti became a tehsil headquarter, and in 1865, it was chosen as the headquarters of the newly established Basti district of Gorakhpur Commissionary. [5] Specifically, it happened on 6 May 1865. [6]

At first, the plan was to use the Rapti and Jamuwar rivers as the boundary between Basti and Gorakhpur districts, but this plan was abandoned. [6] Instead, the boundary cut across existing parganas, with a few areas east of the Jamuwar becoming part of Basti district, while the eastern parts of Maghar and Binayakpur parganas remained in Gorakhpur district. [6] New tehsils were established, and most of the original 8 parganas were split into two, for a new total of 13 parganas. [6] Subordinate to the parganas were 131 tappas, which were of significant administrative significance. [6] The resulting setup was the following:

Amorha Khas is a historical place situated at a distance of 41 km from the district headquarters. Its old name is Ambodha, and it was once a province (state) of Raja Zalim Singh. Raja Zalim Singh's Mahal is here, old wall of mahal is still there with the mark of a bullet used by the English. The famous temple Ramrekha Mandir is here. Ramrekha Temple is one of the most ancient Hindu Mandir of Lord Ram and Goddess Sita. Lord Shri Ram stayed here for one day during his journey of Janakpur-Ayodhya. Lord Shri Rama and Sita with Lakshmana journeyed towards Ayodhya by the road called Ram Janki Marg (present-day State Highway 72) near Chhawani. [7] [8] [9]

In the Great Revolt of 1857, about 250 martyrs of Amorha State were hanged by the British Government from peepal trees located at Chhawani. [10] [7] [8] [9]

Geography

The district lies between the parallels of 26° 23' and 27° 30' North Latitude and 82° 17' and 83° 20' East longitude. Its maximum length from north to south is about 75 km. and breadth from east to west about 70 km. The district lies between newly created district Sant Kabir Nagar on the east and Gonda on the west on the south, the Ghaghra river near Amorha Khas previously known as Amorha Province or State of Raja Zalim Singh separates it from the Ayodhya and newly created district Ambedkar Nagar. On the north it is bounded by district Sidharth Nagar. [11] [12] [13]

Flora and fauna

The forest cover of the district has dwindled with increasing use of land for agriculture. There are areas with high prevalence of mango ( Mangifera indica ), mahua (Madhuca longifolia), sal (Shorea robusta), and bamboo ( Bambusa arundinacea ) trees. Some of the wild animals of the district are the nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), antelok (Anelok cervicapra), pig ( Sus scrofa ), wolf (Canis lupus), jackal (Conis aureus), fox ( Vulpes bengalensis ), hare (Lepus ruficandatus), monkey ( Macaca mulatta ), wild cat ( Felis bengalensis ) and the porcupine (Hystric leucura). Several species of game birds are also seen, including the peafowl ( Pavo cristatus ), the black partridge (Frencolinus francolinus) and the grey partridge (Francalinus pondicervanus). A number of migratory water fowls visit the water bodies of the district in winter, such as the goose ( Anser anser ), common teal (Anas crecca), red-crested pochard (Netta rufina), white-eyed pochard (Aythya rufa) and the wigeon ( Mareca penelope ). The cobra ( Naja naja ), krait ( Bungarus caeruleus ), and rat-snake ( Ptyas mucosus ) are commonly found. The Indian crocodile or naka ( Crocodylus palustris ), and the ghariyal (Gavialis gangeticus) are also found in the river Ghaghra. The common fish species are rohu (Lebeo rohita), bhakur ( Catla catla ), nain (Cirrhina mrigala), parhin (Wallagonia attu), krunch ( Labeo calbasu ), and tengan (Mystus seenghala). [14]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901656,285    
1911650,693−0.09%
1921684,396+0.51%
1931738,712+0.77%
1941776,969+0.51%
1951848,764+0.89%
19611,010,706+1.76%
19711,142,299+1.23%
19811,366,434+1.81%
19911,686,327+2.13%
20012,084,814+2.14%
20112,464,464+1.69%
source: [15]
Religions in Basti district (2011) [16]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
84.52%
Islam
14.79%
Buddhism
0.40%
Other or not stated
0.29%

According to the 2011 census, Basti district had a population of 2,464,464. [17] This ranked it the 178th most populous district in India. The district had a population density of 917 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,380/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 18.21%. Basti had a sex ratio of 963 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 67.22%. The child sex ratio of Basti was 922 females for every 1000 males. 5.60% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes make up 20.85% and 0.15% of the population respectively. [17]

Languages

Languages of Basti district (2011) [18]

   Hindi (80.25%)
   Awadhi (14.29%)
   Bhojpuri (3.21%)
   Urdu (2.14%)
  Others (0.11%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 80.25% of the population in the district spoke Hindi, 14.29% Awadhi, 3.21% Bhojpuri and 2.14% Urdu as their first language. [18]

The district Basti may be considered as along the border of Awadhi and Bhojpuri speaking regions, and the dialect is consequently a mix of both. In cities and urban areas, due to increase in the educated population, Hindi is also spoken in daily conversations. [19]

Indian diaspora

During the mid to mid 1800s to the early 1900s many people from the district of Basti migrated through the Indian indenture system to Fiji, Mauritius and South Africa, as well as to Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and other Caribbean countries. Most of them stayed and carried their traditions in those then European colonies. [20] The former President of Guyana, Cheddi Jagan's parents were from Basti district. [21] Former Leader of the Opposition of Trinidad and Tobago and founder of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, Bhadase Sagan Maraj's paternal grandparents were from Basti district. [22] In Trinidad, the name of the Indian majority village, Basta Hall, is derived from Basti. [23]

Medical services and hospitals

Administration

Basti town is the district headquarters of the district. [14] Basti district, a part of Basti division, is formed of four tehsils: Basti Sadar, Harraiya, Bhanpur and Rudhauli and 14 development blocks, [25] 139 Nyay Panchayats, two Parganas named Amorha and Nagar as well as 10 Gram Sabhas. The development blocks included are:

Economy

The district is noted for its cotton textiles and sugar industries. Cottage industries and small-scale industries including the manufacturing units of brassware, iron and carpentry goods, agricultural implements, bricks, agro-products, foot-wear, soaps, candles, and pottery are present here. Basti is also known for its bamboo, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus teritrornis), mango and shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) populations. Four sugar factories are housed in the district. Sugarcane, maize, paddy, pulses, wheat, barley, and potato are commonly cultivated. Most of the population depends for their livelihood on agricultural practices. The district is well-connected through NH 28 which reflects on its good economy. The city is well-connected through railways also. [ citation needed ]

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Basti one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). [26] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). [26] City is also known for nationwide youth organisation National Association of Youth founded by Bhavesh Kumar Pandey and run from Basti. [27] The organisation organizes Basti Mini Marathon every year since 2012.

Transportation

Basti Railway Platform Basti Railway Platform.jpg
Basti Railway Platform

By air

Maryada Purushottam Shri Ram International Airport (Ayodhya) and Gorakhpur Airport are the nearby airports.

By railways

Basti railway station lies on the main line connecting Lucknow with Gorakhpur and places in Bihar and Assam in the east passes through the south of the district. The main line has 7 railway stations which are, from east to west, Munderwa, [28] Orwara, Basti, Govindnagar, Tinich, Gaur, and Babhnan within the district. Gorakhpur-Lucknow Vande Bharat Express and Amrit Bharat express has official stoppage at Basti railway station.

By roadways

Basti is well connected with the nearby cities of Faizabad, Ayodhya, Gorakhpur and Gonda.

There is a daily Intercity express between Gorakhpur, Basti, Ayodhya, Gonda, and Lucknow. National Highway 2a part of the East West Corridor project of Government of India and NHAI, [29] also passes through Basti.

Ramrekha Mandir, Amorha, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India (raamrekhaa mndir - amoddh'aa) Ramrekha Mandir, Amorha, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India (raamrekhaa mndir - amoddh'aa).jpg
Ramrekha Mandir, Amorha, Basti, Uttar Pradesh, India (रामरेखा मन्दिर – अमोढ़ा)

Landmarks

Bhadeshwar Nath Temple Basti Bhadeshwar Nath Temple.jpg
Bhadeshwar Nath Temple Basti

Education

Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College MVASMC Basti.jpg
Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College

The district has a medical college, Maharshi Vashishtha Autonomous State Medical College, Basti, and an engineering college, Rajkiya Engineering College. The district follows a usual 10+2+3 pattern of education as elsewhere in India. Some notable schools and institutions of the district are :

Notable people

Notable people from the district include:

See also

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27°15′N83°00′E / 27.250°N 83.000°E / 27.250; 83.000