Heraldic tradition | Gallo-British |
---|---|
Governing body | College of Arms (disputed) |
Chief officer | Phillip O'Shea, New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary |
New Zealand heraldry is the term for the style of armorial achievements, sometimes known as coats of arms, and other heraldic bearings and insignia used in New Zealand. It largely follows the Gallo-British tradition of heraldry also followed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and Australia.
Most grants of heraldic arms to New Zealand residents or institutions have been made by the English College of Arms or the Scottish Court of the Lord Lyon, though a small number have also been granted by the Chief Herald of Ireland and the State Herald of South Africa. [1]
New Zealand does not presently have its own independent heraldic authority which grants or records arms, [1] though the College of Arms in London claims to be "the official heraldic authority for...New Zealand". [2] According to the guidelines of the Cabinet Manual, the College has been delegated these responsibilities by the Sovereign of New Zealand in their capacity as the "Fount of all Honour". [3] However, the legal basis for this "official" status for the College of Arms is disputed. [4] [5]
On 6 February 1978 Queen Elizabeth II established the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary as the officer of arms responsible for advising the Crown, New Zealand government and New Zealand Defence Force on heraldic matters, and for liaising between New Zealand and the English College of Arms. Although affiliated with the College of Arms, the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary lives and works in New Zealand, and is not a member of the College Chapter. [6] The current New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary is Phillip Patrick O’Shea. [7] [8]
The heraldry of New Zealand has added indigenous animals (mostly birds) to the existing heraldic bestiary, [9] along with native flora and traditional Māori motifs.
Some, but not all, local authorities in New Zealand use heraldic arms. [10] The arms of the capital, Wellington, combines the arms of Aurthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington with the national coat of arms. [11] The coat of arms of the City of Christchurch also have charges from the national arms. Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, does not currently use any arms. [12]
The unauthorised use of a coat of arms of a local authority can be an offense. [13]
Some New Zealand corporations and institutions have their own coats-of-arms, including several New Zealand universities such as University of Auckland, [44] Massey University, [45] the University of Waikato, [46] and the University of Otago. [47]
The other countries of the Realm of New Zealand, the associated states of the Cook Islands and Niue and the dependent territory of Tokelau, have their own heraldic emblems. The Cook Islands has their own armorial bearings (coat of arms) using unique local elements, [58] since 2021 Niue has had a seal based on traditional Niuean elements (replacing their previous one based on the New Zealand coat of arms), [59] while Tokelau has a badge based on a traditional Tokelauan tuluma. [60]
Heraldry is discussed and studied by The Heraldry Society of New Zealand, a learned society under the patronage of the governor-general. [61] [62] The society publishes The New Zealand Armorist. Its homepage is called Onward. [63]
Wellington City Council is a territorial authority in New Zealand, governing the city of Wellington, the country's capital city and third-largest city by population, behind Auckland and Christchurch. It consists of the central historic town and certain additional areas within the Wellington metropolitan area, extending as far north as Linden and covering rural areas such as Mākara and Ohariu. The city adjoins Porirua in the north and Hutt City in the north-east. It is one of nine territorial authorities in the Wellington Region.
Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the principal city of the Otago region. Its name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. The city has a rich Māori, Scottish, and Chinese heritage.
The coat of arms of New Zealand is the heraldic symbol representing the South Pacific island country of New Zealand. Its design reflects New Zealand's history as a bicultural nation, with a European female figure on one side and a Māori rangatira (chief) on the other. The symbols on the central shield represent New Zealand's trade, agriculture and industry, and a Crown represents New Zealand's status as a constitutional monarchy.
The Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia, formerly the Church of the Province of New Zealand, is a province of the Anglican Communion serving New Zealand, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, and the Cook Islands. Since 1992 the church has consisted of three tikanga or cultural streams: Aotearoa, New Zealand, and Polynesia. The church's constitution says that, among other things, it is required to "maintain the right of every person to choose any particular cultural expression of the faith". As a result, the church's General Synod has agreed upon the development of the three-person primacy based on this three tikanga system; it has three primates, each representing a tikanga, who share authority.
New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary is an officer of arms representing the heraldic interests of New Zealand. Although affiliated with the College of Arms in London, the New Zealand Herald lives and works in New Zealand, and is not a member of the College Chapter. Since the New Zealand Herald was appointed, there have been questions as to his legitimacy and whether, as working under the authority of the College of Arms, he has any legal authority to regulate heraldry in New Zealand. The current New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary is Phillip O'Shea.
The following lists events that happened during 1904 in New Zealand.
The following lists events that happened during 1905 in New Zealand.
The following lists events that happened during 1909 in New Zealand.
The following lists events that happened during 1911 in New Zealand.
New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island and the South Island —and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area and lies east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.
New Zealand Jews, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion, form with Hawaii (8,000–10,000), the joint-second largest (7,500–10,000) Jewish community in Oceania, behind Australia (118,000).
Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand Limited was once the biggest shipping line in the southern hemisphere and New Zealand's largest private-sector employer. It was incorporated by James Mills in Dunedin in 1875 with the backing of a Scottish shipbuilder, Peter Denny. Bought by shipping giant P&O around the time of World War I it was sold in 1972 to an Australasian consortium and closed at the end of the twentieth century.
The following lists events that happened during 1898 in New Zealand.
The following lists events that happened during 1876 in New Zealand.
Zealandia is a national personification of New Zealand. In her stereotypical form, Zealandia appears as an evidently Western European woman who is similar in dress and appearance to Britannia. Britannia is said to be the mother of Zealandia.
National symbols of New Zealand are used to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of its cultural life and history.
The First Vogel Ministry was a responsible government which held power in New Zealand from April 1873 to July 1875.