Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Farm | |
---|---|
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
Map of the United States | |
Location | Prince George's County, Maryland, USA |
Nearest city | Oxon Hill, Maryland |
Coordinates | 38°48′17″N77°00′43″W / 38.8046°N 77.01182°W |
Established | 1959 |
Governing body | National Park Service |
Oxon Cove Park | |
Location | Government Farm Rd., Oxon Hill, Maryland |
Area | 289 acres (117 ha) |
Architectural style | Italianate, et al. |
NRHP reference No. | 03000869 [1] |
Added to NRHP | September 02, 2003 |
Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Cove Farm is a national historic district that includes a living farm museum operated by the National Park Service, and located at Oxon Hill, Prince George's County, Maryland. It is part of National Capital Parks-East. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. [1]
The park provides an excellent resource for environmental studies, wildlife observing, fishing, and other recreational activities made possible by easy access to the Potomac River. Fourteen buildings and two structures are located in the historic district and associated with the property's sequential development as a plantation, an institutional agricultural complex, and a farm museum.
Oxon Cove Park was formed in 1967 when the land was transferred to the National Park Service for educational purposes, before that it moved through several owners.
Before European settlers arrived, the Piscataway Indian people were farming land along the Potomac River in the area. From the late 17th Century to the early 19th Century, the farm was owned by John Addison and his descendants who grew tobacco, oats and corn on the land using enslaved people to do so. Part of the estate was known as Oxon Hill Manor at the time. In the early 19th Century, Dr. Samuel DeButts, a native of Ireland bought part of the Addison property and renamed it Mount Welby in honor of his wife's family and he held onto the land until 1843. During the rest of the 19th Century the land changed hands many times until the federal government bought it, and an adjoining 100 acres, in 1891 as a farm to provide food for patients at nearby St. Elizabeths Hospital. Farming ended in the 1950s and the land was then transferred to the NPS in 1967. For some time it was known as the Oxon Hill Children's Farm. [2]
In the 1990s the Park service built a 3.9 mile paved trail around the park and connected to DC via a bridge across Oxon Creek built in the 1980s. [3]
The Oxon Hill Farm includes the Mount Welby home, Farm Museum, barns, a stable, feed building, livestock buildings and a visitor activity barn. Farm animals include cows, horses and chickens. Visitors can view the animals up close daily and learn about the workings of a farm. The Farm Museum building displays historical farm equipment dating from the late 19th century.
The district also includes a hexagonal frame outbuilding; c. 1830 brick root cellar; c. 1973 frame hog house; c. 1890 frame horse and pony barn; c. 1991 frame chicken house; c. 1970 steel-frame implement shed; c. 1980 frame visitor barn; c. 1970 steel-frame windmill; c. 1940 frame hay barn; c. 1890 frame feed building; c. 1830 brick stable; c. 1970 frame tool shed; c. 1980 frame "sorghum sirip" shed; and a c. 1980 frame dairy barn, and c. 1940 tile silo. From the 1890s to 1950s, under the ownership of St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the site was used as a therapeutic treatment center for the mentally ill known as Godding Croft. The Oxon Cove Farm historic district is located on the crest of a ridge overlooking the Potomac River, north of I-95 and very close to National Harbor. [4]
The principal dwelling, known as "Mount Welby," is a c. 1807-1811 two-story three-bay brick structure laid in Flemish bond with Italianate detailing and sheltered by a shed roof, and visible to motorists crossing the interstate Woodrow Wilson Bridge. The house was built by Irish immigrant Dr. Samuel DeButts. It was entrusted to the National Park Service in 1959 in order to protect its resources from increased development. [5] From 1891 to 1950, the property was used as a therapeutic farm by St. Elizabeths Hospital, and was known as Godding Croft.
The house is operated as a historic house museum, with exhibits about period life in the early 19th century for the owners and slaves on the plantation. Other exhibits focus on the home's role at Godding Croft.
Oxon Hill is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in southern Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. Oxon Hill is a suburb of Washington, located southeast of the downtown district and east of Alexandria, Virginia. Since 2008, it contains the 300-acre (120 ha) National Harbor development on the shore of the Potomac River.
The Potomac Heritage Trail, also known as the Potomac Heritage National Scenic Trail or the PHT, is a designated National Scenic Trail corridor spanning parts of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States that will connect various trails and historic sites in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia. The trail network includes 710 miles (1,140 km) of existing and planned sections, tracing the natural, historical, and cultural features of the Potomac River corridor, the upper Ohio River watershed in Pennsylvania and western Maryland, and a portion of the Rappahannock River watershed in Virginia. The trail is managed by the National Park Service and is one of three National Trails that are official NPS units.
The Weald and Downland Living Museum is an open-air museum in Singleton, West Sussex. The museum is a registered charity.
Oxon Creek is a stream on the Potomac River which feeds a cove that straddles the border between Washington, D.C., and Prince George's County, Maryland just north of Interstate 495 at Woodrow Wilson Bridge. Oxon Creek heads at the confluence of Oxon Run and Barnaby Run, sometimes referred to as Winkle Doodle Run. It starts just inside the boundary of D.C. and then runs 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the south and west into Maryland to empty into the Potomac at Goose Island across from the city of Alexandria, Virginia. Before reaching the Potomac, the creek widens to form Oxon Cove which is partially in Maryland and partially in Washington, D.C. The creek is almost entirely within Oxon Cove National Park, except for the first few feet in D.C. and a portion of the cove on the southside of the Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Sotterley Plantation is a historic landmark plantation house located at 44300 Sotterley Lane in Hollywood, St. Mary's County, Maryland, USA. It is a long 1+1⁄2-story, nine-bay frame building, covered with wide, beaded clapboard siding and wood shingle roof, overlooking the Patuxent River. Also on the property are a sawn-log slave quarters of c. 1830, an 18th-century brick warehouse, and an early-19th-century brick meat house. Farm buildings include an early-19th-century corn crib and an array of barns and work buildings from the early 20th century. Opened to the public in 1961, it was once the home of George Plater (1735–1792), the sixth Governor of Maryland, and Herbert L. Satterlee (1863–1947), a New York business lawyer and son-in-law of J.P. Morgan.
Big Bottom Farm is a farm in Allegany County, Maryland, USA on the National Register of Historic Places. The Greek Revival house was built circa 1845, possibly by John Jacob Smouse, and exhibits a level of historically accurate detailing unusual for the area. The property includes a late 19th-century barn and several frame outbuildings.
Oxon Hill Manor is a neo-Georgian house of 49 rooms, located at Forest Heights, Prince George's County, Maryland. It was designed in 1928 for Sumner Welles (1892-1961) by the Washington architect, Jules Henri de Sibour (1872-1938). It was built in 1929, and consists of a two-story main block of Flemish bond brick and a northern wing. Also on the property are two outbuildings contemporary with the house; a five-car garage and attached manager's quarters and greenhouse, and a stable. There are also formal gardens on the grounds.
East Oaks is a historic home and farm complex and national historic district located at Poolesville, Montgomery County, Maryland. It is a 156-acre (0.63 km2) farm complex consisting of a 2+1⁄2-story, c. 1829 Federal-period brick residence situated on a knoll surrounded by agricultural buildings and dependencies whose construction dates span more than a century. The complex of domestic and agricultural outbuildings includes a brick smokehouse, sandstone slave quarter, stone bank barn, stone dairy, and log and frame tenant house which are contemporaneous with the construction of the main dwelling. Other agricultural buildings include a small frame barn and machinery shed/corn crib from the end of the 19th century, and a block dairy barn from the mid 20th century.
Mount Aventine is a farm complex and national historic district located along the Potomac River in Bryans Road, Charles County, Maryland. The complex includes the main house; a second-quarter 19th century Greek Revival-influenced brick house. It was enlarged about 1860 to its present five-bay, center-passage, 2+1⁄2-story appearance. Also on the property are a 19th-century frame smokehouse, the site of another 19th-century house complex, late-19th /early-20th-century agricultural outbuildings, house and dairy barn complex built about 1900, historic roadbeds, a family cemetery, and sites of a 19th-century fishery and an 18th-century house.
Thainston is a farm complex and national historic district in La Plata, Charles County, Maryland, United States. The main house is a two-story, L-shaped brick house built in 1865 and enlarged early in the 20th century. It was designed by Eben Faxon, a Baltimore architect, and constructed under the supervision of Charles Ogle, a building contractor also from Baltimore. The farm developed between 1865 and the 1930s. Included on the property are a number of early dependencies, including a wellhouse, a brick dairy, a storage building, and a meathouse. A frame garage and large chicken house, both dating from the early 1900s, are on the property. There is also a collection of agricultural buildings including: tobacco barns, cattle barns, and equipment sheds clustered around a corncrib/granary. There are three frame tenant houses, several associated sheds, a probably early building site, an early well, a pit remaining from a former ice house, and the former ice ponds. Another early-20th century building, a tobacco barn, stands in a field to the west of the main grouping of agricultural buildings.
Rose Hill Manor, now known as Rose Hill Manor Park & Children's Museum, is a historic home located at Frederick, Frederick County, Maryland. It is a 2+1⁄2-story brick house. A notable feature is the large two-story pedimented portico supported by fluted Doric columns on the first floor and Ionic columns on the balustraded second floor. It was the retirement home of Thomas Johnson (1732–1819), the first elected governor of the State of Maryland and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. It was built in the mid-1790s by his daughter and son-in-law.
The Routzahn-Miller Farmstead is a historic home and farm complex located at Middletown, Frederick County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a Federal style-influenced brick house and smokehouse, both built about 1825; a later frame out-kitchen / washhouse; a standard Pennsylvania barn; a 20th-century dairy barn and milk house; and a 20th-century equipment shed. The Pennsylvania barn was probably built in the late 19th century and was recently rehabilitated for use as a preschool. The complex is located on a 16.7-acre (68,000 m2) parcel on the east flank of South Mountain. It is representative example of a type of domestic and agricultural grouping which characterized the rural mid-Maryland region from the early 19th century through World War II era.
Hopewell is a set of historic homes and farm complexes located at Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. It consists of four related groupings of 19th century farm buildings. The Hopewell complex consists of two historic farms: Hopewell and the smaller F.R. Shriner Farm.
Mount Airy, also known as Grove Farm, is a historic home located at Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a 2+1⁄2-story Flemish bond brick house, built about 1821 with elements of the Federal and Greek Revival styles. Also on the property are a probable 1820s one-story gable-roofed brick structure that has been extensively altered over time, a late-19th-century frame barn with metal roof ventilators, a 2-story frame tenant house built about 1900, and a mid-20th-century cinder block animal shed. It was used as a hospital for Confederate and Union soldiers following the Battle of Antietam. On October 3, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln and General George McClellan visited Mount Airy, an event recorded photographically by Alexander Gardner.
The Bennett-Kelly Farm is an historic home and farm complex located at Sykesville, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The complex consists of a stone and frame house, a stone mounting block, a stone smokehouse, a frame bank barn, a frame wagon shed, a frame chicken house, a concrete block dairy or tool shed, and a stone spring house. The original mid-19th century stone section of the house is three bays wide and two stories high. The house features a one-bay Greek Revival pedimented portico with Doric columns. It is an example of a type of family farmstead that characterized rural agricultural Carroll County from the mid 19th century through the early 20th century.
Keefer–Brubaker Farm, also known as the Oscar Fogle Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located at Taneytown, Carroll County, Maryland. It consists of a two-story six-by-two-bay log-and-frame house which is partially encased in brick and rests on a rubble stone foundation Also on the property is a frame summer kitchen, a combination smokehouse/dry house, a frame springhouse, a shop building, a bank barn, a dairy, a hog pen, a tool shed, poultry house, and several more recent buildings. It is a representative example of a family farm complex which spans the period from the late 18th century to the mid 20th century.
Carroll County Almshouse and Farm, also known as the Carroll County Farm Museum, is a historic farm complex located at Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland. It consists of a complex of 15 buildings including the main house and dependencies. The 30-room brick main house was originally designed and constructed for use as the county almshouse. It is a long, three-story, rectangular structure, nine bays wide at the first- and second-floor levels of both front and rear façades. It features a simple frame cupola sheltering a farm bell. A separate two-story brick building with 14 rooms houses the original summer kitchen, wash room, and baking room, and may have once housed farm and domestic help. Also on the property is a brick, one-story dairy with a pyramidal roof dominated by a pointed finial of exaggerated height with Victorian Gothic "icing" decorating the eaves; a large frame and dressed stone bank barn; and a blacksmith's shop, spring house, smokehouse, ice house, and numerous other sheds and dependencies all used as a part of the working farm museum activities. The original Carroll County Almshouse was founded in 1852 and the Farm Museum was established in 1965.
Cedar Hill, also known as Long Farm, is a historic home located at Westover, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. It is a 2+1⁄2-story T-shaped frame dwelling, on a brick foundation. The main section was erected in 1793, and followed a modified hall / parlor plan. Also on the property are an 1880 bi-level hay-and-horse barn with a long shed addition for dairy stalls, a 19th-century granary, a late-19th-century corn crib, a rusticated concrete block well house, and a rusticated concrete dairy.
The Eastman Hill Rural Historic District is a historic district encompassing a rural landscape consisting of three 19th-century farmsteads near the village of Center Lovell, Maine. It covers 251 acres (102 ha) of the upper elevations of Eastman Hill, and is bisected by Eastman Hill Road. The area has been associated with the Eastman family since the early 19th century, and was one of the largest working farms in Lovell. Although the three properties were treated separately for some time, they were reunited in the early 20th century by Robert Eastman, a descendant of Phineas Eastman, the area's first settler. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
Park Farm is a historic farm property at 26 Woodchuck Hill Road in Grafton, Vermont. With a farmhouse dating to about 1820, and most of its outbuildings to the 19th century, the farm remains an excellent example of a typical 19th-century Vermont farmstead. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.