Political corruption in Illinois

Political corruption in Illinois has been an issue from the earliest history of the state. ^[1] Electoral fraud in Illinois pre-dates the territory's admission to the Union in 1818, ^[2] Illinois was the third most corrupt state in the country, after New York and California, judging by federal public corruption convictions between 1976-2012. ^[3]

Federal

Several members of Illinois's delegation to the United States Congress have been convicted of crimes.

U.S. Senate

• William Lorimer (R) U.S. Senator from 1909–1912. The Senate voted that Lorimer’s election used corrupt practices and vote buying and declared it invalid. He was then removed from office.(1912) ^{[4] [5]}

U.S. House of Representatives

• Dan Crane (R), a U.S. congressman from 1979 to 1985, was censured in the 1983 congressional page sex scandal for having sex with a young congressional page. ^[6] Crane was defeated for re-election in 1984 and returned to dentistry.
• Dan Rostenkowski (D) was a U.S. congressman from Chicago for 36 years, from 1959 to 1995. He was chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee from 1981 to 1994. After a federal investigation he was accused of various acts of corruption, such as accepting kickbacks, using official funds for personal expenses, and participating in what became known as the Congressional Post Office scandal. In 1996 he pleaded guilty to two counts of mail fraud and was sentenced to 17 months in prison. ^{[7] [8]}
• Dennis Hastert (R) was a congressman from 1987 to 2007. He was the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House, from 1999 to 2007. In 2006, Hastert became embroiled in controversy over his championing of a $207-million federal earmark (inserted in the 2005 omnibus highway bill) for the Prairie Parkway, a proposed expressway running through his district. ^{[9] [9] [10]} The Sunlight Foundation accused Hastert of failing to disclose that the construction of the highway would benefit a land investment that Hastert and his wife made in nearby land in 2004 and 2005. Hastert received five-eighths of the proceeds of the sale of the land, turning a $1.8 million profit in under two years. ^{[9] [10] [11]} Hastert's ownership interest in the tract was not a public record because the land was held by a blind land trust, Little Rock Trust No. 225. ^[12] There were three partners in the trust: Hastert, Thomas Klatt, and Dallas Ingemunson. However, public documents only named Ingemunson, who was the Kendall County Republican Party chairman and Hastert's personal attorney and longtime friend. ^{[11] [12]} Hastert denied any wrongdoing. ^[9] In October 2006, Norman Ornstein and Scott Lilly wrote that the Prairie Parkway affair was "worse than FoleyGate" and called for the Speaker's resignation. ^[13] In 2015, Hastert pleaded guilty to structuring bank withdrawals to evade bank reporting requirements, a felony. In 2016 he was sentenced to 15 months in prison. At his sentencing hearing, he admitted that he had molested several boys when he was a high school wrestling coach in the 1960s and 1970s, and that he had used the improperly withdrawn funds to buy the silence of one of the victims. ^{[14] [15]}
• Mel Reynolds (D) was a U.S. representative from 1993 to 1995. He resigned from Congress after being convicted of having sex with an underage campaign worker. ^[16] While serving a five year prison sentence, Reynolds was convicted in 1997 of unrelated charges of bank fraud and using campaign finances for personal expenses. ^[17] He received a six and a half year sentence but was released in 2001 when his sentence was commuted by President Clinton. ^[18] In 2017 Reynolds was found guilty of failing to file federal income tax returns. ^[19] He received a six-month sentence for this third conviction. ^[20]
• Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D) succeeded Mel Reynolds as congressman from Illinois's 2nd congressional district, serving from 1995 until his resignation in 2012. On February 8, 2013, Jackson admitted to violating federal campaign law by using campaign funds to make personal purchases. ^[21] Jackson pleaded guilty on February 20, 2013 to one count of wire and mail fraud. ^[22] On August 14, 2013, he was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison. ^[23]
• Aaron Schock (R) represented Illinois's 18th congressional district , serving from 2009 until 2015. In March, 2015, after controversy about his use of federal funds, Schock resigned from Congress. In November, 2016, a federal grand jury indicted Schock on 24 criminal counts including theft of government funds, fraud, making false statements, and filing false tax returns. ^[24] Schock pleaded "not guilty" to all charges when arraigned on Monday, December 12, 2016. ^[25]

State

Governors

• Len Small (R) the 26th governor, was found to have defrauded the state of a million dollars. ^[26]
• Otto Kerner, Jr. (D) was 33rd Governor of Illinois, serving from 1961 to 1968. Following a 1973 trial in which his prosecutor was future Illinois governor James R. Thompson, Kerner was convicted on 17 counts of mail fraud, conspiracy, perjury, and related charges. ^[27] The federal bribery counts were dismissed. He was sentenced to three years in federal prison in Chicago and fined $50,000. Faced with almost certain impeachment, he resigned his position on the federal bench on July 22, 1974.
• Dan Walker (D) was the 36th Governor of Illinois, serving from 1973 to 1977. After leaving office he pursued various business interests, and acquired the First American Savings and Loan Association, which was later declared insolvent as part of the savings and loan crisis. In 1987 Walker pleaded guilty to bank fraud and perjury for receiving improper loans from First American. He was sentenced to seven years in prison, ^[28] and was released after serving a year and a half. ^[29]
• George Ryan (R) was the 39th Governor of Illinois, serving from 1999 to 2003. Before that he was Secretary of State from 1991 to 1999. In 2006 he was found guilty of fraud and racketeering charges for various acts that he committed in these two offices. He was sentenced to six and a half years in prison. ^[30]
• Rod Blagojevich (D) was the 40th Governor of Illinois, serving from 2003 to 2009. He was found guilty of 18 counts of corruption, including attempting to sell or trade an appointment to fill a vacant seat in the U.S. Senate. He was sentenced to 14 years in prison. ^[31] Blagojevich was the only Illinois governor to be impeached and removed from office by the state senate.

State officials

• Orville Hodge (R) was the Auditor of Public Accounts (predecessor to the Office of Comptroller) from 1952 to 1956. During his term in office, he embezzled $6.15 million of state funds, mainly by altering and forging checks that were paid on the state's account. Upon indictment, Hodge pleaded guilty to 54 bank fraud, embezzlement and forgery charges and was sentenced to a 12 to 15 year prison term.
• Paul Powell (D) Secretary of State, though his salary was never more than 30K per year, when he died, his room was found to contain $800,000 in cash kept in shoe boxes, briefcases and strong boxes as well as 19 cases of whiskey and one million in racing stock, leaving an estate of 4.6 million(1970) ^{[32] [33]}
• William J. Scott (R) Attorney General convicted of tax fraud and sentenced to a year in prison.(1982) ^[34]
• Jerome Cosentino served two nonconsecutive terms as Illinois Treasurer, from 1979 to 1983, and from 1987 to 1991. In 1992 he pleaded guilty to defrauding two banks of several million dollars in a check kiting scheme. ^[35] He was sentenced to nine months of home confinement. ^[36]
• Frank Mautino (D) is the Auditor General, the state's chief financial watchdog. In May 2017 his former legislative campaign was fined $5,000 for willfully failing to provide information to an investigation of the campaign's spending. ^[37]

Municipal

• In the 1980s, a federal task force known as Operation Greylord investigated corruption and malfeasance in the Cook County court system. Fifteen judges and dozens of other people, including attorneys, police officers, and court officials, were eventually convicted of various crimes.
• In the 1990s, Operation Silver Shovel was an investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation into political corruption in Chicago. Eighteen individuals, including six aldermen, were convicted of crimes. "At its conclusion, Silver Shovel had uncovered everything from labor union corruption to drug trafficking and organized crime activity," according to the FBI. ^{[38] [39]}
• Fred Roti (D) served as an Illinois state senator (1951–1957). ^[40] When his seat was lost to redistricting, he returned to precinct work, and took a patronage job as a drain inspector with the City Department of Water and Sewers. ^[41] In 1990 Roti was indicted for racketeering and extortion. On January 15, 1993, after deliberating 2½ days, a federal jury convicted Roti of taking thousands of dollars in bribes. The jury convicted him on all 11 counts of racketeering, racketeering conspiracy, bribery and extortion. The jury found him guilty of two out of three "fixing" charges, convicting him of taking $10,000 for influencing a civil court case and $7,500 to support a routine zoning change, both in 1989. But the jury cleared him of the most serious allegation, sharing $72,500 for fixing a Chinatown murder trial in 1981. ^{[42] [43]}
• Betty Loren-Maltese (R) ^[44] was the town president of Cicero from 1993 to 2002. She was convicted of helping to steal $12 million from a municipal insurance fund, and in 2003 was sentenced to eight years in prison. Cicero police chief Emil Schullo was among several others who served time for participating in the same scheme. ^[45]
• Nicholas Blase served as mayor of Niles for 47 years, from 1961 to 2008. He resigned amid federal charges that he participated in an insurance kickback scheme. ^[46] Several months later he pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion, and admitted that he had pressured local businesses to buy insurance from a friend's agency in return for a share of the commissions, receiving more than $420,000 over a period of more than 30 years. ^[47] In 2010 Blase, then 81 years old, was sentenced to a year and a day in prison. ^[48]
• Rita Crundwell (R) comptroller and treasurer for Dixon was arrested for fraud in 2012 after embezzling about $54 million over many years. The money was used to support a lavish lifestyle and her horse ranch, the Meri-J. ^[49] She pleaded guilty to wire fraud and was sentenced to 19 years and 7 months in prison. ^[50]
• William Beavers was a Cook County commissioner from 2006 to 2013. Before that he was a Chicago alderman from 1983 to 2006. In 2013 he was convicted of failing to pay taxes on hundreds of thousands of dollars he took out of his campaign fund and used for gambling and other personal expenses. He served a six-month sentence. ^[51]
• Barbara Byrd-Bennett (D) was the head of Chicago's cash-strapped public school system. In 2015, she resigned over a $20,500,000 no-bid contract to her former employer SUPES Academy. ^[1] She subsequently pled guilty to multiple charges ^[52] and was sentenced to four and a half years in prison. ^[53]
• In 2016, the state of Illinois filed a lawsuit against mayor Eric Kellogg and other officials of the city of Harvey, calling for an investigation into allegations of corruption and financial issues. The lawsuit also asked the court to invalidate the mayor's unilateral removal of several aldermen who opposed him. ^[54]
• in 2018, David Webb, the former mayor of Markham, pleaded guilty to charges of wire fraud and income tax evasion, in connection with a $300,000 bribery scheme. ^[55]

Chicago aldermen

According to the Economist's profile of Edward Burke, "Criminality among the city’s 50 aldermen is also astonishingly common." ^[56] Dozens of Chicago aldermen (city council members) have been convicted of corruption-related crimes. ^{[2] [57] [58]}

• Thomas E. Keane, chairman of the Chicago City Council Finance Committee, was convicted in 1974 of mail fraud and conspiracy charges associated with questionable real estate deals. He was sentenced to five years in prison, and served a 22-month term. ^[59]
• William Carothers was convicted in 1983 of extorting as much as $32,500 in remodeling work for his ward office from the builders of Bethany Hospital. He was sentenced to three years in prison. ^[60]
• Edward Vrdolyak (D, then R) was an alderman from 1971 to 1987. In 2008 he pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud for accepting a 1.5 million dollar kickback in a real estate scheme. He was sentenced to ten months in prison. ^[61] In 2016 Vrdolyak pleaded not guilty to charges of income tax evasion connected to a tobacco lawsuit settlement in the 1990s. ^{[62] [63]}
• Isaac "Ike" Carothers was an alderman from 1999 to 2010. He resigned after pleading guilty to accepting $40,000 in home improvements for backing a controversial project in his ward. He was sentenced to 28 months in prison. Isaac Carothers is the son of William Carothers, an alderman who was convicted of a similar crime in 1983. ^{[64] [65]}
• Willie Cochran, a former police officer, was elected alderman in 2007. In 2016 he was charged in a 15-count indictment with stealing funds "meant for poor children and seniors". ^[66]

References

1. "Where's Mine?". The Economist. June 6, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
2. Thomas J. Gradel and Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality (University of Illinois Press, 2015), p. 41.
3. Thomas J. Gradel and Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality (University of Illinois Press, 2015), p. 50. New York and California, respectively, ranked first and second for federal public corruption convictions during this period.
4. Chicago Daily Tribune, July 24, 1912.
5. Grossman, Ron (December 3, 2017). "How William Lorimer Was Expelled from the U.S. Senate". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
6. "2 Congressmen Face Constituents' Judgement on Reports of Sex with Pages". The New York Times. July 16, 1983. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
7. Rosenbaum, David E. (April 10, 1996). "Rostenkowski Pleads Guilty to Mail Fraud". The New York Times. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
8. Jensen, Trevor (August 11, 2010). "Former Rep. Dan Rostenkowski Dead at 82". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
9. Melissa McNamara, Speaker Hastert's Land Deal Questioned, CBS/Associated Press (June 22, 2006).
10. Paul Merrion, Group claims Hastert benefited from highway bill, Crain's Chicago Business (June 14, 2006).
11. James Kimberly & Andrew Zajac, From the archives: How Hastert benefited from real estate sale, Chicago Tribune (June 18, 2006).
12. Matea Gold & Anu Narayanswamy, How Dennis Hastert made a fortune in land deals, Washington Post (May 29, 2015).
13. Norman Ornstein & Scott Lilly, Worse than FoleyGate, New Republic (October 13, 2006) (reprinted by the Center for American Progress).
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