Gallatin County | |
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Coordinates: 37°46′N88°14′W / 37.76°N 88.23°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Illinois |
Founded | 1812 |
Named for | Albert Gallatin |
Seat | Shawneetown |
Largest city | Shawneetown |
Area | |
• Total | 328 sq mi (850 km2) |
• Land | 323 sq mi (840 km2) |
• Water | 5.1 sq mi (13 km2) 1.6% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 4,946 |
• Density | 15/sq mi (6/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
Congressional district | 12th |
Gallatin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 4,946, making it the third-least populous county in Illinois. Its county seat is Shawneetown. [1] It is located in the southern portion of Illinois known locally as Little Egypt. Located at the mouth of the Wabash River, Gallatin County, along with neighboring Posey County, Indiana, and Union County, Kentucky form the tri-point of the Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky Tri-State Area.
Salt production served as the state's first major industry in the early 19th century. Saltworks developed first by Native Americans, and the French had settled at the Great Salt Spring on the south side of the Saline River, about five miles downstream from Equality. Beginning in 1803, salt works were also developed at Half Moon Lick, southwest of Equality on the north side of the Saline River. Half Moon Lick is now on private land, but the Great Salt Springs are on public lands in the Shawnee National Forest, about one mile west of the Saline River bridge across Illinois Route 1 on Salt Well Road. [2]
Gallatin county was organized in 1812 from land formerly in Randolph County. It was named for Albert Gallatin, [3] who was then Secretary of the Treasury. The bank at Shawneetown was the first in Illinois. It was originally in the John Marshall House, which has been rebuilt and serves as the museum of the Gallatin County Historical Society. This should not be confused with the State Bank of Illinois building, which is a state historic site a block away in Old Shawneetown
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 328 square miles (850 km2), of which 323 square miles (840 km2) is land and 5.1 square miles (13 km2) (1.6%) is water. [5]
The Wabash and Ohio rivers join in the northeastern part of the county. The Saline River is a major drainage in the county, and it feeds into the Ohio River.
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In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Shawneetown have ranged from a low of 21 °F (−6 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −22 °F (−30 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 104 °F (40 °C) was recorded in August 2007. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 3.22 inches (82 mm) in October to 5.02 inches (128 mm) in May. [6]
Gallatin County government is led by a five-member county board. In addition, the county is divided into ten townships.
This section needs additional citations for verification .(August 2019) |
As the most culturally Southern of all Illinois counties, Gallatin County was pro-Confederate during the Civil War and even provided a few volunteers to the Confederate Army. It then became solidly Democratic for the next century and a third, voting Republican only in the GOP landslides of 1920, 1952, 1972 and 1980. Even in those four elections, no Republican candidate received more than Richard Nixon’s 53.7 percent in his 3,000-plus-county 1972 triumph.
Since 2000, Gallatin County has followed the same political trajectory as Tennessee, Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia and Appalachian regions of adjacent states, whereby the Democratic Party’s liberal views on social issues have produced dramatic swings to the Republican Party amongst its almost entirely Southern white population. [7] Over the five elections from 2000 to 2016, Gallatin County has seen a swing of 84 percentage points to the Republican Party – an average of 17 percentage points per election – so that Hillary Clinton’s 24.3 percent vote share in 2016 is barely half the worst Democratic percentage from before 2010. However, despite its sharp rightward turn, it followed the wave in 2008 within the state that elected Barack Obama president, who remains the last Democrat to win the county in a presidential election.
In 1994, Gallatin County was the only one in the state to vote for the Democratic candidate for governor. It voted for the Democrat in every gubernatorial election from 1924 to 2006, finally flipping in 2010 and then voting Republican again in 2014 and 2018.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
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No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 2,019 | 75.48% | 622 | 23.25% | 34 | 1.27% |
2016 | 1,942 | 71.74% | 657 | 24.27% | 108 | 3.99% |
2012 | 1,492 | 57.99% | 1,029 | 39.99% | 52 | 2.02% |
2008 | 1,212 | 42.20% | 1,587 | 55.26% | 73 | 2.54% |
2004 | 1,619 | 50.20% | 1,573 | 48.78% | 33 | 1.02% |
2000 | 1,591 | 44.72% | 1,878 | 52.78% | 89 | 2.50% |
1996 | 856 | 24.37% | 2,113 | 60.15% | 544 | 15.49% |
1992 | 990 | 25.10% | 2,371 | 60.12% | 583 | 14.78% |
1988 | 1,580 | 38.89% | 2,455 | 60.42% | 28 | 0.69% |
1984 | 1,939 | 47.15% | 2,164 | 52.63% | 9 | 0.22% |
1980 | 1,700 | 50.21% | 1,678 | 49.56% | 8 | 0.24% |
1976 | 1,499 | 36.36% | 2,611 | 63.33% | 13 | 0.32% |
1972 | 2,148 | 53.69% | 1,844 | 46.09% | 9 | 0.22% |
1968 | 1,802 | 43.01% | 1,980 | 47.26% | 408 | 9.74% |
1964 | 1,394 | 32.89% | 2,845 | 67.11% | 0 | 0.00% |
1960 | 2,179 | 47.68% | 2,386 | 52.21% | 5 | 0.11% |
1956 | 2,179 | 49.35% | 2,230 | 50.51% | 6 | 0.14% |
1952 | 2,300 | 51.56% | 2,153 | 48.26% | 8 | 0.18% |
1948 | 1,789 | 42.60% | 2,385 | 56.79% | 26 | 0.62% |
1944 | 2,073 | 48.27% | 2,175 | 50.64% | 47 | 1.09% |
1940 | 2,588 | 43.65% | 3,293 | 55.54% | 48 | 0.81% |
1936 | 2,004 | 34.71% | 3,701 | 64.10% | 69 | 1.20% |
1932 | 1,279 | 26.57% | 3,469 | 72.08% | 65 | 1.35% |
1928 | 2,002 | 45.78% | 2,343 | 53.58% | 28 | 0.64% |
1924 | 1,792 | 39.16% | 2,385 | 52.12% | 399 | 8.72% |
1920 | 2,184 | 49.94% | 2,000 | 45.74% | 189 | 4.32% |
1916 | 1,985 | 39.03% | 2,920 | 57.41% | 181 | 3.56% |
1912 | 1,051 | 33.78% | 1,697 | 54.55% | 363 | 11.67% |
1908 | 1,411 | 41.77% | 1,845 | 54.62% | 122 | 3.61% |
1904 | 1,401 | 44.70% | 1,540 | 49.14% | 193 | 6.16% |
1900 | 1,432 | 40.94% | 2,004 | 57.29% | 62 | 1.77% |
1896 | 1,468 | 41.02% | 2,067 | 57.75% | 44 | 1.23% |
1892 | 1,211 | 38.35% | 1,675 | 53.04% | 272 | 8.61% |
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1820 | 3,155 | — | |
1830 | 7,405 | 134.7% | |
1840 | 10,760 | 45.3% | |
1850 | 5,448 | −49.4% | |
1860 | 8,055 | 47.9% | |
1870 | 11,134 | 38.2% | |
1880 | 12,861 | 15.5% | |
1890 | 14,935 | 16.1% | |
1900 | 15,836 | 6.0% | |
1910 | 14,628 | −7.6% | |
1920 | 12,856 | −12.1% | |
1930 | 10,091 | −21.5% | |
1940 | 11,414 | 13.1% | |
1950 | 9,818 | −14.0% | |
1960 | 7,638 | −22.2% | |
1970 | 7,418 | −2.9% | |
1980 | 7,590 | 2.3% | |
1990 | 6,909 | −9.0% | |
2000 | 6,445 | −6.7% | |
2010 | 5,589 | −13.3% | |
2020 | 4,946 | −11.5% | |
2023 (est.) | 4,670 | [9] | −5.6% |
U.S. Decennial Census [10] 1790-1960 [11] 1900-1990 [12] 1990-2000 [13] 2010-2017 [14] |
Whereas according to the 2010 census:
As of the 2010 census, there were 5,589 people, 2,403 households, and 1,556 families residing in the county. [15] The population density was 17.3 inhabitants per square mile (6.7/km2). There were 2,746 housing units at an average density of 8.5 per square mile (3.3/km2). [5] The racial makeup of the county was 97.9% white, 0.3% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.2% of the population. [15] In terms of ancestry, 23.6% were German, 22.9% were Irish, 10.7% were English, and 7.0% were American. [16]
Of the 2,403 households, 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.2% were non-families, and 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.87. The median age was 44.4 years. [15]
The median income for a household in the county was $38,003 and the median income for a family was $48,892. Males had a median income of $38,801 versus $22,425 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,537. About 12.4% of families and 18.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.9% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over. [17]
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Equality is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 539 at the 2020 census. Near the village are two points of interest, the Crenshaw House and the Garden of the Gods Wilderness. Equality was the county seat of Gallatin County from 1826–1851.
Junction is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 56 at the 2020 census.
New Haven is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States, along the Little Wabash River near its mouth at the Wabash River. The population was 399 at the 2020 United States Census, down from 433 at the 2010 United States Census.
Old Shawneetown is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the village had a population of 113, down from 193 at the 2010 census. Located along the Ohio River, Shawneetown served as an important United States government administrative center for the Northwest Territory. The village was devastated by the Ohio River flood of 1937. The village's population was moved several miles inland to New Shawneetown.
Omaha is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 209 at the 2020 census.
Ridgway is a village in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 851. As of 2021, Nancy Kitchens was the town mayor.
Shawneetown is a city in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,054 at the 2020 United States Census. It is the county seat of Gallatin County.
Galatia is a village in Saline County, Illinois, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the village population was 933.
The Crenshaw House is an historic former residence and alleged haunted house located in Equality Township, Gallatin County, Illinois. The house was constructed in the 1830s. It was the main residence of John Crenshaw, his wife, and their five children.
Bowlesville Township is one of ten townships in Gallatin County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 132 and it contained 72 housing units.
Equality Township is one of ten townships in Gallatin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 765 and it contained 389 housing units.
Gold Hill Township is one of ten townships in Gallatin County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,457 and it contained 738 housing units.
Shawnee Township is one of ten townships in Gallatin County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 168 and it contained 97 housing units.