Post-election pendulum for the 2019 Australian federal election

Last updated

The Coalition won the 2019 federal election with a three-seat majority of 77 of 151 lower house seats. Labor holds 68 seats, and crossbenchers hold the remaining six. [1]

Classification of seats as marginal, fairly safe or safe is applied by the independent Australian Electoral Commission using the following definition: "Where a winning party receives less than 56% of the vote, the seat is classified as 'marginal', 56–60% is classified as 'fairly safe' and more than 60% is considered 'safe'." [2]

Pendulum

The Mackerras pendulum was devised by the Australian psephologist Malcolm Mackerras as a way of predicting the outcome of an election contested between two major parties in a Westminster-style lower house legislature such as the Australian House of Representatives, which is composed of single-member electorates and uses a preferential voting system such as a Condorcet method or instant-runoff voting.

The pendulum works by lining up the seats held in Parliament for the government, the opposition and the crossbenches according to the percentage point margin by which they are held on a two-party preferred basis. That is also known as the swing that is required for the seat to change hands. With a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties, the number of seats changing hands can be predicted.

Government seats
Marginal
Bass (TAS) Bridget Archer LIB50.41
Chisholm (VIC) Gladys Liu LIB50.57
Wentworth (NSW) Dave Sharma LIB v IND51.31
Boothby (SA) Nicolle Flint LIB51.38
Swan (WA) Steve Irons LIB52.69
Braddon (TAS) Gavin Pearce LIB53.09
Reid (NSW) Fiona Martin LIB53.18
Longman (QLD) Terry Young LNP53.28
Higgins (VIC) Katie Allen LIB53.88
Leichhardt (QLD) Warren Entsch LNP54.17
Robertson (NSW) Lucy Wicks LIB54.24
La Trobe (VIC) Jason Wood LIB54.49
Dickson (QLD) Peter Dutton LNP54.64
Casey (VIC) Tony Smith LIB54.64
Deakin (VIC) Michael Sukkar LIB54.78
Brisbane (QLD) Trevor Evans LNP54.92
Lindsay (NSW) Melissa McIntosh LIB55.04
Hasluck (WA) Ken Wyatt LIB55.39
Flinders (VIC) Greg Hunt LIB55.64
Stirling (WA) Vince Connelly LIB55.65
Kooyong (VIC) Josh Frydenberg LIB v GRN55.70
Fairly safe
Ryan (QLD) Julian Simmonds LNP56.03
Banks (NSW) David Coleman LIB56.26
Cowper (NSW) Pat Conaghan NAT v IND56.79
Sturt (SA) James Stevens LIB56.87
Bennelong (NSW) John Alexander LIB56.91
Monash (VIC) Russell Broadbent LIB57.36
Bonner (QLD) Ross Vasta LNP57.41
Pearce (WA) Christian Porter LIB57.52
Menzies (VIC) Kevin Andrews LIB57.53
Goldstein (VIC) Tim Wilson LIB57.79
Herbert (QLD) Phillip Thompson LNP58.36
Petrie (QLD) Luke Howarth LNP58.40
Forde (QLD) Bert van Manen LNP58.60
Flynn (QLD) Ken O'Dowd LNP58.66
North Sydney (NSW) Trent Zimmerman LIB59.27
Page (NSW) Kevin Hogan NAT59.45
Hughes (NSW) Craig Kelly LIB59.85
Safe
Aston (VIC) Alan Tudge LIB60.13
Bowman (QLD) Andrew Laming LNP60.24
Wannon (VIC) Dan Tehan LIB60.38
Farrer (NSW) Sussan Ley LIB v IND60.94
Tangney (WA) Ben Morton LIB61.47
Canning (WA) Andrew Hastie LIB61.55
Moore (WA) Ian Goodenough LIB61.65
McPherson (QLD) Karen Andrews LNP62.20
Capricornia (QLD) Michelle Landry LNP62.35
Fisher (QLD) Andrew Wallace LNP62.70
Hume (NSW) Angus Taylor LIB62.99
Wide Bay (QLD) Llew O'Brien LNP63.15
Mackellar (NSW) Jason Falinski LIB63.22
Calare (NSW) Andrew Gee NAT63.29
Grey (SA) Rowan Ramsey LIB63.32
Fairfax (QLD) Ted O'Brien LNP63.44
Fadden (QLD) Stuart Robert LNP64.18
Curtin (WA) Celia Hammond LIB64.33
New England (NSW) Barnaby Joyce NAT v IND64.36
O'Connor (WA) Rick Wilson LIB64.48
Hinkler (QLD) Keith Pitt LNP64.50
Forrest (WA) Nola Marino LIB64.56
Wright (QLD) Scott Buchholz LNP64.58
Dawson (QLD) George Christensen LNP64.61
Durack (WA) Melissa Price LIB64.76
Lyne (NSW) David Gillespie NAT65.17
Moncrieff (QLD) Angie Bell LNP65.36
Berowra (NSW) Julian Leeser LIB65.65
Mallee (VIC) Anne Webster NAT66.23
Bradfield (NSW) Paul Fletcher LIB66.56
Gippsland (VIC) Darren Chester NAT66.67
Parkes (NSW) Mark Coulton NAT66.91
Mitchell (NSW) Alex Hawke LIB68.63
Barker (SA) Tony Pasin LIB68.94
Cook (NSW) Scott Morrison LIB69.02
Riverina (NSW) Michael McCormack NAT69.48
Nicholls (VIC) Damian Drum NAT70.03
Groom (QLD) John McVeigh LNP70.48
Maranoa (QLD) David Littleproud LNP v ONP72.49
Non-government seats
Marginal
Macquarie (NSW) Susan Templeman ALP50.19
Lilley (QLD) Anika Wells ALP50.64
Cowan (WA) Anne Aly ALP50.83
Eden-Monaro (NSW) Mike Kelly ALP50.85
Corangamite (VIC) Libby Coker ALP51.07
Blair (QLD) Shayne Neumann ALP51.21
Dobell (NSW) Emma McBride ALP51.50
Moreton (QLD) Graham Perrett ALP51.90
Gilmore (NSW) Fiona Phillips ALP52.61
Dunkley (VIC) Peta Murphy ALP52.74
Greenway (NSW) Michelle Rowland ALP52.80
Griffith (QLD) Terri Butler ALP52.86
Hunter (NSW) Joel Fitzgibbon ALP52.98
Solomon (NT) Luke Gosling ALP53.08
Parramatta (NSW) Julie Owens ALP53.50
Richmond (NSW) Justine Elliot ALP54.08
Shortland (NSW) Pat Conroy ALP54.45
Perth (WA) Patrick Gorman ALP54.93
Burt (WA) Matt Keogh ALP54.99
McEwen (VIC) Rob Mitchell ALP55.02
Paterson (NSW) Meryl Swanson ALP55.04
Lyons (TAS) Brian Mitchell ALP55.18
Lingiari (NT) Warren Snowdon ALP55.46
Werriwa (NSW) Anne Stanley ALP55.47
Hotham (VIC) Clare O'Neil ALP55.91
Fairly safe
Macnamara (VIC) Josh Burns ALP56.25
Oxley (QLD) Milton Dick ALP56.39
Isaacs (VIC) Mark Dreyfus ALP56.43
Rankin (QLD) Jim Chalmers ALP56.44
Hindmarsh (SA) Mark Butler ALP56.54
Jagajaga (VIC) Kate Thwaites ALP56.57
McMahon (NSW) Chris Bowen ALP56.64
Brand (WA) Madeleine King ALP56.66
Fremantle (WA) Josh Wilson ALP56.92
Bean (ACT) David Smith ALP57.52
Wills (VIC) Peter Khalil ALP v GRN58.17
Adelaide (SA) Steve Georganas ALP58.18
Macarthur (NSW) Mike Freelander ALP58.40
Holt (VIC) Anthony Byrne ALP58.70
Kingsford Smith (NSW) Matt Thistlethwaite ALP58.81
Bendigo (VIC) Lisa Chesters ALP59.04
Barton (NSW) Linda Burney ALP59.41
Makin (SA) Tony Zappia ALP59.72
Safe
Corio (VIC) Richard Marles ALP60.32
Fenner (ACT) Andrew Leigh ALP60.56
Whitlam (NSW) Stephen Jones ALP60.91
Ballarat (VIC) Catherine King ALP60.98
Maribyrnong (VIC) Bill Shorten ALP61.20
Kingston (SA) Amanda Rishworth ALP61.94
Franklin (TAS) Julie Collins ALP62.21
Chifley (NSW) Ed Husic ALP62.37
Lalor (VIC) Joanne Ryan ALP62.41
Cunningham (NSW) Sharon Bird ALP63.41
Watson (NSW) Tony Burke ALP63.52
Newcastle (NSW) Sharon Claydon ALP63.83
Fowler (NSW) Chris Hayes ALP63.99
Spence (SA) Nick Champion ALP64.13
Bruce (VIC) Julian Hill ALP64.15
Fraser (VIC) Daniel Mulino ALP64.18
Cooper (VIC) Ged Kearney ALP v GRN64.65
Blaxland (NSW) Jason Clare ALP64.72
Gellibrand (VIC) Tim Watts ALP64.83
Gorton (VIC) Brendan O'Connor ALP65.36
Grayndler (NSW) Anthony Albanese ALP v GRN66.30
Canberra (ACT) Alicia Payne ALP67.08
Sydney (NSW) Tanya Plibersek ALP68.67
Calwell (VIC) Maria Vamvakinou ALP68.80
Scullin (VIC) Andrew Giles ALP71.66
Crossbench seats
Indi (VIC) Helen Haines IND v LIB51.39
Mayo (SA) Rebekha Sharkie CA v LIB55.14
Warringah (NSW) Zali Steggall IND v LIB57.24
Kennedy (Qld) Bob Katter KAP v LNP63.33
Melbourne (VIC) Adam Bandt GRN v LIB71.83
Clark (TAS) Andrew Wilkie IND v ALP72.12

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2008 Northern Territory general election

General elections were held in the Northern Territory of Australia on 9 August 2008. Of the 25 seats in the Legislative Assembly, 23 were contested; two safe Labor seats were uncontested. The incumbent centre-left Labor Party (ALP), led by Chief Minister Paul Henderson won a narrow third term victory against the opposition centre-right Country Liberal Party (CLP), led by Terry Mills. Labor suffered a massive and unexpected swing against it, to hold a one-seat majority in the new parliament.

The following pendulum is known as the Mackerras pendulum, invented by psephologist Malcolm Mackerras. Designed for the outcome of the 2010 federal election, the pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament, 72 Labor, 72 Coalition, 1 Nationals WA, 1 Green and 4 independent, according to the percentage point margin on a two candidate preferred basis. The two party result is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties in an election, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted. Swing is never uniform, but in practice variations of swing among the Australian states usually tend to cancel each other out. Seats are arranged in safeness categories according to the Australian Electoral Commission's classification of safeness. "Safe" seats require a swing of over 10 per cent to change, "fairly safe" seats require a swing of between 6 and 10 per cent, while "marginal" seats require a swing of less than 6 per cent.

2012 Northern Territory general election

The Northern Territory general election was held on Saturday 25 August 2012, which elected all 25 members of the Legislative Assembly in the unicameral Northern Territory Parliament. The 11-year Labor Party government led by Chief Minister Paul Henderson was defeated in their attempt to win a fourth term against the opposition Country Liberal Party led by opposition leader Terry Mills with a swing of four seats, losing the normally safe Labor remote seats of Arafura, Arnhem, Daly and Stuart, whilst retaining their urban seats picked up at the 2001 election.

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The 2014 South Australian state election elected members to the 53rd Parliament of South Australia on 15 March 2014, to fill all 47 seats in the House of Assembly and 11 of 22 seats in the Legislative Council. The 12-year-incumbent Australian Labor Party (SA) government, led by Premier Jay Weatherill, won its fourth consecutive four-year term in government, a record 16 years of Labor government, defeating the opposition Liberal Party of Australia (SA), led by Opposition Leader Steven Marshall.

The following pendulum is known as the Mackerras pendulum, invented by psephologist Malcolm Mackerras. Designed for the outcome of the 2010 Victorian state election, the pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament, according to the percentage point margin on a two candidate preferred basis. The two party result is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties in an election, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted. Swing is never uniform, but in practice variations of swings usually tend to cancel each other out. "Safe" seats require a swing of over 10 per cent to change, "fairly safe" seats require a swing of between 6 and 10 per cent, while "marginal" seats require a swing of less than 6 per cent.

The following is a pendulum based on the outcome of the 2010 federal election and changes since, including the redistributions of seats in South Australia and Victoria. It is a Mackerras pendulum, invented by psephologist Malcolm Mackerras, which works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament according to the percentage point margin on a two-candidate-preferred basis. The two-party result is also known as the swing required for the seat to change hands. Given a uniform swing to the opposition or government parties in an election, the number of seats that change hands can be predicted. Swings are never uniform, but in practice variations of swing among the Australian states usually tend to cancel each other out. Seats are arranged in safeness categories according to the Australian Electoral Commission's (AEC) classification of safeness. "Safe" seats require a swing of over 10 per cent to change, "fairly safe" seats require a swing of between 6 and 10 per cent, while "marginal" seats require a swing of less than 6 per cent. The swings for South Australian and Victorian seats are notional, based on calculations by the AEC.

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The following pendulum is known as the Mackerras pendulum, invented by psephologist Malcolm Mackerras. Based upon the outcome of the 2007 federal election and changes before the 2010 election, the pendulum works by lining up all of the seats held in Parliament, 83 Labor, 55 Liberal, 9 National, and 3 independent, according to the percentage point margin on a two party preferred basis.

The Coalition won the 2013 federal election with 90 of 150 lower house seats on a current 17-seat, 3.65-point two-party swing, defeating the 6-year Labor government. Labor holds 55 seats while crossbenchers hold the remaining five. The Division of Fairfax was the last seat to be declared.

This is a Mackerras pendulum for the 2016 Australian federal election.

The Coalition won the 2016 federal election with a one-seat majority 76 of 150 lower house seats. Labor holds 69 seats while crossbenchers hold the remaining five.

The Labor party won the 2018 state election by winning 55 of the 88 lower house seats. The coalition won 27 seats while the Greens and independents won 3 each.

References

  1. "Seat summary". AEC Tally Room. Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  2. Division Classifications, Virtual Tally Room 2016, Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 21 August 2016.