Paramyxoviridae is a family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates serve as natural hosts; no known plants serve as vectors. Currently, 72 species are placed in this family, divided among 14 genera. Diseases associated with this negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract infections.
Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, seals, and cetaceans serve as natural hosts. This genus currently included seven species. Diseases in humans associated with viruses classified in this genus include measles: fever, and rash; in animals, they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection.
Mumps rubulavirus is the causative agent of mumps. The signs of mumps include swelling of the parotid glands, salivary glands and other epithelial tissues. Symptoms of mumps are fatigue, body aches, headache, loss of appetite, low grade fever, swelling of the salivary glands. Mumps can also result in muscle pain, deafness, meningitis, pancreatitis, swelling of testicles or ovaries, and death. Most people who contract mumps show symptoms of the virus, however there are few who show no or very few symptoms. Natural infection is currently restricted to humans and the virus is transmitted by direct contact, droplet spread, or contaminated objects.
Bornaviridae is a family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Horses, sheep, cattle, rodents, birds, reptiles, and humans serve as natural hosts. Currently, 18 viruses are assigned to ten species included in two genera in this family. Bornaviruses may cause encephalitis in mammals like horses or sheep. Diseases associated with bornaviruses include Borna disease, a fatal neurologic disease of mammals restricted to central Europe; and proventricular dilatation disease in birds.
Chrysovirus is a genus of viruses. It is the only genus in the family Chrysoviridae. They are class III double stranded RNA viruses which infect fungi, in particular Penicillium. Their name is derived from the Greek word chrysos which means yellow-green. There are currently nine species in this genus including the type species Penicillium chrysogenum virus.
Ourmiavirus is a genus of viruses. Cucurbits, cherry, and cassava serve as natural hosts. There are currently three species in this genus including the type species Ourmia melon virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: ouMV: yellowing and chlorotic spot symptoms.
Picobirnavirus is a genus of dsRNA viruses, the only genus in the family Picobirnaviridae. Although amniotes, especially mammals, were thought to serve as hosts, it has been recently suggested that these viruses might infect bacteria and possibly some other invertebrates. There are currently only two species in this genus including the type species human picobirnavirus. Associated symptoms include gastroenteritis in animals and humans, though the disease association is unclear.
Cytorhabdovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Plants serve as natural hosts.
Ephemerovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Cattle and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with viruses in this genus include: sudden fever.
Nucleorhabdovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales.. Planthoppers and plants serve as natural hosts.
Respirovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae. Rodents and human serve as natural hosts. There are currently six species in this genus including the type species Murine respirovirus. Diseases associated with this genus include: croup and other acute febrile respiratory tract infections.
Nyamiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Ecdysozoa and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently twelve species in this family, divided among six genera. The genus Peropuvirus has been moved to the family Artoviridae.
Aquaparamyxovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The genus currently includes only a single species, Salmon aquaparamyxovirus to accommodate Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (AsaPV). Fish serve as the natural hosts for AsaPV, in which the virus may cause proliferative gill inflammation.
Ferlavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Reptiles serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus to accommodate a single virus, Fer-de-Lance virus (FDLV).
Perhabdovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Fish serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with viruses of this genus include: breathing and swimming problems.
Sprivivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Fish serve as natural hosts.
Tupavirus is a genus of viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales.
Pneumoviridae is a new virus family in the order Mononegavirales. It was created in 2016 by elevating the now dissolved paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae. Natural hosts include humans, cattle, and rodents. There are currently 5 species in the Pneumoviridae family, divided between 2 genera. Pneumoviruses are pleomorphic, capable of producing spherical and filamentous enveloped virions that vary in size from 150 to 200 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsid consisting of a protein shell and viral nucleic acids has a helical symmetry. Nucleocapsids have a diameter of 13.5 nm and a helical pitch of 6.5 nm. The genome is composed of negative-sense single-stranded RNA that is non-segmented. It is about 15kb in size, and encodes 11 proteins. A unique feature of the genome is the M2 gene, which encodes proteins M2-1 and M2-2. The Pneumoviridae M2-1 protein is distinctive, and no homologue has been found in any other virus families. It functions as a processivity factor for the virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and promotes viral RNA synthesis. Viruses in this family are often associated with respiratory infections, and are transmitted through respiratory secretions.
Avian metaavulavirus 2, formerly Avian paramyxovirus 2, is a species of virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Metaavulavirus. The virus is a negative strand RNA virus containing a monopartite genome. Avian metaavulavirus 2 is one of nine species belonging to the genus Metaavulavirus. The most common serotype of Avulavirinae is serotype 1, the cause of Newcastle disease (ND). Avian metaavulavirus 2 has been known to cause disease, specifically mild respiratory infections in domestic poultry, including turkeys and chickens, and has many economic effects on egg production and poultry industries. The virus was first isolated from a strain in Yucaipa, California in 1956. Since then, other isolates of the virus have been isolated worldwide.
Bat mumps orthorubulavirus, formerly Bat mumps rubulavirus (BMV), is a member of genus Orthorubulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae, and order Mononegavirales. Paramyxoviridae viruses were first isolated from bats using heminested PCR with degenerate primers. This process was then followed by Sanger sequencing. A specific location of this virus is not known because it was isolated from bats worldwide. Although multiple paramyxoviridae viruses have been isolated worldwide, BMV specifically has not been isolated thus far. However, BMV was detected in African fruit bats, but no infectious form has been isolated to date. It is known that BMV is transmitted through saliva in the respiratory system of bats.
