Midodrine, sold under the brand names ProAmatine and Orvaten among others, is a vasopressor or antihypotensive medication used to treat orthostatic hypotension and urinary incontinence. It is taken by mouth.
Isoprenaline, also known as isoproterenol and sold under the brand name Isuprel among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of acute bradycardia, heart block, and rarely for asthma, among other indications. It is used by injection into a vein, muscle, fat, or the heart, by inhalation, and in the past under the tongue or into the rectum.
Dosulepin, also known as dothiepin and sold under the brand name Prothiaden among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used in the treatment of depression. Dosulepin was once the most frequently prescribed antidepressant in the United Kingdom, but it is no longer widely used due to its relatively high toxicity in overdose without therapeutic advantages over other TCAs. It acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) and also has other activities including antihistamine, antiadrenergic, antiserotonergic, anticholinergic, and sodium channel-blocking effects.
Dipivefrine, or dipivefrin, also known as epinephrine pivalate and sold under the brand name Propine among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. It is available as a 0.1% ophthalmic solution.
Ritodrine, sold under the brand name Yutopar, is a tocolytic drug used to stop premature labor. This drug has been removed from the US market, according to FDA Orange Book. It was available in oral tablets or as an injection and was typically used as the hydrochloride salt.
Etoperidone, associated with several brand names, is an atypical antidepressant which was developed in the 1970s and either is no longer marketed or was never marketed. It is a phenylpiperazine related to trazodone and nefazodone in chemical structure and is a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) similarly to them.
Butriptyline, sold under the brand name Evadyne among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that has been used in the United Kingdom and several other European countries for the treatment of depression but appears to no longer be marketed. Along with trimipramine, iprindole, and amoxapine, it has been described as an "atypical" or "second-generation" TCA due to its relatively late introduction and atypical pharmacology. It was very little-used compared to other TCAs, with the number of prescriptions dispensed only in the thousands.
Corbadrine, sold under the brand name Neo-Cobefrine and also known as levonordefrin and α-methylnorepinephrine, is a catecholamine sympathomimetic used as a topical nasal decongestant and vasoconstrictor in dentistry in the United States. It is usually used in a pre-mixed solution with local anesthetics, such as mepivacaine.
Methoxamine, sold under the brand names Vasoxine, Vasoxyl, and Vasylox among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent. It has mostly or entirely been discontinued.
Norfenefrine, also known as meta-octopamine or norphenylephrine and sold under the brand name Novadral among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of hypotension. Along with its structural isomer p-octopamine and the tyramines, norfenefrine is a naturally occurring endogenous trace amine and plays a role as a minor neurotransmitter in the brain.
Etilefrine, sold under the brand name Effortil among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent to treat orthostatic hypotension. It is usually used by mouth, but is also available as an injectable.
Etafedrine, sold under the brand name Nethaprin among others and also known as N-ethylephedrine, is a sympathomimetic agent used as a bronchodilator to treat asthma. It was previously commercially available as both the free base and as the hydrochloride salt from Sanofi-Aventis but is now no longer marketed.
Amidephrine, or amidefrine, sold under the brand name Fentrinol among others, is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist which is described as an adrenergic or sympathomimetic, vasoconstrictor, and topical nasal decongestant used to treat allergic rhinitis. It is used as the mesylate salt, which has the generic names amidefrine mesilate and amidephrine mesylate. The drug is a substituted phenethylamine derivative and is also known as 3-methylsulfonamidyl-β-hydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine. As of 2000, it remained marketed only in Austria.
Butidrine, sold under the brand names Betabloc, Butidrate, and Recetan among others, is a beta blocker related to pronethalol and propranolol that was developed in the 1960s. It is not cardioselective. It has membrane stabilizing activity but no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Similarly to certain other beta blockers, butidrine additionally possesses local anesthetic properties.
Cicloprolol, or cycloprolol, is a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist described as an antihypertensive agent which was never marketed. It has weak partial agonist or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (30%) at the β-adrenergic receptors. This is higher than that of many other beta blockers but is lower than that of xamoterol (45%). The drug is selective for the β1-adrenergic receptor. It has been studied in the treatment of heart failure.
Alifedrine is a drug described as a sympathomimetic and cardiotonic or positive inotropic agent which was never marketed. It is a β-adrenergic receptor partial agonist and was studied in the treatment of heart failure. The drug is taken by mouth or intravenously. It is a β-hydroxylated substituted amphetamine derivative.
Enciprazine is an anxiolytic and antipsychotic of the phenylpiperazine class which was never marketed. It shows high affinity for the α1-adrenergic receptor and 5-HT1A receptor, among other sites. The drug was initially anticipated to produce ortho-methoxyphenylpiperazine (oMeOPP), a serotonin receptor agonist with high affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor, as a significant active metabolite, but subsequent research found this not to be the case.
Dioxethedrin, or dioxethedrine, also known as 3,4-dihydroxy-N-ethylnorephedrine, is a sympathomimetic medication. It was a component of the antitussive syrup Bexol. It is an ephedrine derivative and is described as a bronchodilator and β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Analogues of dioxethedrin include dioxifedrine, corbadrine, and α-methyldopamine.
Salmefamol is a drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine families described as a bronchodilator which was never marketed. It is a β-adrenergic receptor agonist with some selectivity for the β2-adrenergic receptor and has been described as a "sister compound" to salbutamol. However, the drug is more potent (1.5-fold), longer-acting, and more lipophilic in comparison to salbutamol. It was intended for inhalational or intravenous administration. Salmefamol was first described in the literature by 1968.
Clorprenaline, also known as isoprophenamine and known as clorprenaline hydrochloride in the case of the hydrochloride salt, is a sympathomimetic and bronchodilator medication which is marketed in Japan. It acts as a β-adrenergic receptor agonist or as a β-sympathomimetic. Brand names of clorprenaline in Japan are numerous and include Asnormal, Bazarl, Bronchon, Clopinerin, Conselt, Cosmoline, Fusca, Kalutein, Pentadoll, Restanolon, and Troberin. The drug was first described in the literature by 1956.
