Tensor vastus intermedius muscle

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Tensor vastus intermedius muscle
Tensor vastus intermedius muscle.jpg
Tensor vastus intermedius muscle
Details
Origin anterior aspect of the greater trochanter
Insertion medial aspect of the patella
Artery lateral circumflex femoral artery
Nerve femoral nerve
Actions Medialises the action and tenses on the aponeurosis of the vastus intermedius
Identifiers
Latin Musculus tensor vastus intermedius
Anatomical terms of muscle

The tensor vastus intermedius is a muscle in the anterior compartment of thigh. It lies between the vastus intermedius and the vastus lateralis. The term tensor vastus intermedius was given by Grob et al. in 2016, [1] although the structure had been reported previously. [2] [3]

Contents

Structure

The tensor vastus intermedius muscle originates from the proximal part of femur specifically from the anterior part of the greater trochanter. [1] The muscle lies anterior to the vastus intermedius but deep to the rectus femoris. The tendinous part of the muscle is closely related to, and sometimes fuses with, the aponeurosis of the vastus intermedius. Distally, it joins the quadriceps tendon and inserts to the medial aspect of the patella. [1] It is supplied by the femoral nerve and the lateral circumflex femoral artery.

Variations

This muscle is categorised into five types according to morphology: the independent type, VI-type, VL-type, common type and two-belly type. [1] The independent type of the tensor vastus intermedius, also the most frequent type, has its tendon lying between the vastus intermedius and the vastus lateralis. For the VI-type and the VL-type, the tendinous part of the muscle is integrated into the fascia of the vastus intermedius and the vastus lateralis respectively. For the common type, it has a non-separable origin between the intertrochanteric line and greater trochanter. Two separate muscle bellies can be found for the two-belly types.[ citation needed ]

Functions

The tensor vastus intermedius muscle tenses on the aponeurosis of the vastus intermedius and also medialises the action of the muscle. It also acts as a second tensor in addition to the tensor fasciae latae.[ citation needed ]

Muscle architecture

Recently, ultrasound studies have provided insight into the muscle architecture of this musculature and its long tendon [4] [5] Particularly, these studies have suggested that the tensor of vastus intermedius has a small cross-sectional area compared to other individual quadriceps muscles.

See also

Related Research Articles

Human leg Lower extremity or limb of the human body (foot, lower leg, thigh and hip)

The human leg, in the general word sense, is the entire lower limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh and even the hip or gluteal region. However, the definition in human anatomy refers only to the section of the lower limb extending from the knee to the ankle, also known as the crus or, especially in non-technical use, the shank. Legs are used for standing, and all forms of locomotion including recreational such as dancing, and constitute a significant portion of a person's mass. Female legs generally have greater hip anteversion and tibiofemoral angles, but shorter femur and tibial lengths than those in males.

Thigh Area between the pelvis and the knee; upper leg

In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb.

Patella Kneecap, bone covering knee joint

The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a flat, rounded triangular bone which articulates with the femur and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint. The patella is found in many tetrapods, such as mice, cats, birds and dogs, but not in whales, or most reptiles.

Gluteus maximus Largest and most superficial of the three gluteal muscles

The gluteus maximus is the main extensor muscle of the hip. It is the largest and outermost of the three gluteal muscles and makes up a large part of the shape and appearance of each side of the hips. It is the single largest muscle in the human body. Its thick fleshy mass, in a quadrilateral shape, forms the prominence of the buttocks. The other gluteal muscles are the medius and minimus, and sometimes informally these are collectively referred to as the glutes.

Gluteus minimus Smallest of the three gluteal muscles

The gluteus minimus, or glutæus minimus, the smallest of the three gluteal muscles, is situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius.

Quadriceps Group of human leg muscle

The quadriceps femoris muscle is a large muscle group that includes the four prevailing muscles on the front of the thigh. It is the sole extensor muscle of the knee, forming a large fleshy mass which covers the front and sides of the femur. The name derives from Latin four-headed muscle of the femur.

The biceps femoris is a muscle of the thigh located to the posterior, or back. As its name implies, it has two parts, one of which forms part of the hamstrings muscle group.

Vastus medialis Extensor muscle located medially in the thigh that extends the knee.

The vastus medialis is an extensor muscle located medially in the thigh that extends the knee. The vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps muscle group.

Adductor magnus muscle Muscle in the thigh

The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh.

Vastus intermedius muscle Body of the femur muscle

The vastus intermedius (Cruraeus) arises from the front and lateral surfaces of the body of the femur in its upper two-thirds, sitting under the rectus femoris muscle and from the lower part of the lateral intermuscular septum. Its fibers end in a superficial aponeurosis, which forms the deep part of the quadriceps femoris tendon.

Vastus lateralis muscle Human muscle in the thigh

The vastus lateralis, also called the vastus externus, is the largest and most powerful part of the quadriceps femoris, a muscle in the thigh. Together with other muscles of the quadriceps group, it serves to extend the knee joint, moving the lower leg forward. It arises from a series of flat, broad tendons attached to the femur, and attaches to the outer border of the patella. It ultimately joins with the other muscles that make up the quadriceps in the quadriceps tendon, which travels over the knee to connect to the tibia. The vastus lateralis is the recommended site for intramuscular injection in infants less than 7 months old and those unable to walk, with loss of muscular tone.

The rectus femoris muscle is one of the four quadriceps muscles of the human body. The others are the vastus medialis, the vastus intermedius, and the vastus lateralis. All four parts of the quadriceps muscle attach to the patella by the quadriceps tendon.

Femoral nerve Long nerve down the thigh and inner leg

The femoral nerve is a nerve in the thigh that supplies skin on the upper thigh and inner leg, and the muscles that extend the knee.

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

The lateral circumflex femoral artery, also known as the lateral femoral circumflex artery, or the external circumflex artery, is an artery in the upper thigh.

The body of femur is the almost cylindrical, long part of the femur. It is a little broader above than in the center, broadest and somewhat flattened from before backward below. It is slightly arched, so as to be convex in front, and concave behind, where it is strengthened by a prominent longitudinal ridge, the linea aspera.

Tuberosity of the tibia Slight protrusion at the top front end

The tuberosity of the tibia or tibial tuberosity or tibial tubercle is an elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia, just below where the anterior surfaces of the lateral and medial tibial condyles end.

Anterior compartment of thigh Muscles which extend the knee and flex the hip

The anterior compartment of thigh contains muscles which extend the knee and flex the hip.

Patellar dislocation Medical condition

A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen. The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. Complications may include a patella fracture or arthritis.

Vastus muscles Human thigh muscles

The vastus muscles are three of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris muscle of the thigh. The three muscles are the vastus intermedius, the vastus lateralis, and the vastus medialis located in the middle, on the outside, and inside of the thigh, respectively. The fourth muscle is the rectus femoris muscle a large fleshy muscle which covers the front and sides of the femur.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Grob, K.; Ackland, T.; Kuster, M.S.; Manestar, M.; Filgueira, L. (March 2016). "A newly discovered muscle: The tensor of the vastus intermedius: Tensor Vastus Intermedius" (PDF). Clinical Anatomy. 29 (2): 256–263. doi:10.1002/ca.22680. PMID   26732825. S2CID   38157592.
  2. Willan, P L; Mahon, M; Golland, J A (February 1990). "Morphological variations of the human vastus lateralis muscle". Journal of Anatomy. 168: 235–239. PMC   1256904 . PMID   2323995.
  3. Golland, Jennifer; Mahon, M.; Willan, P. L. T. "Anatomical variations in human quadriceps femoris muscles": 263–264.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) in "Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, January 1986". Journal of Anatomy. 146: 229–268. June 1986. PMC   1166538 . PMID   17103594.
  4. Sahinis, C.; Kellis, E.; Ellinoudis, A.; Dafkou, K. (September 2020). "In Vivo Assessment of the Tensor Vastus Intermedius Cross-sectional Area Using Ultrasonography". Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal. 10 (3): 416. doi: 10.32098/mltj.03.2020.09 .
  5. Sahinis, Chrysostomos; Kellis, Eleftherios; Galanis, Nikiforos; Dafkou, Konstantinos; Ellinoudis, Athanasios (11 May 2020). "Intra- and inter-muscular differences in the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps muscles assessed by extended field-of-view ultrasonography". Medical Ultrasonography. 22 (2): 152–158. doi: 10.11152/mu-2302 . PMID   32190847.