Adductor muscles of the hip

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Adductor muscles of the hip
Anterior Hip Muscles 2.PNG
The adductors and nearby muscles
Details
Origin Pubis
Insertion Femur and tibia
Nerve Obturator nerve
Actions Adduction of hip
Anatomical terms of muscle

The adductor muscles of the hip are a group of muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh mostly used for bringing the thighs together (called adduction).

Contents

Structure

The adductor group is made up of:

The adductors originate on the pubis and ischium bones and insert mainly on the medial posterior surface of the femur.

Muscle Origin Insertion innervation [2]
Adductor brevis Inferior pubic ramus Medial ridge of linea aspera Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Adductor longus Front side of the pubic bone under the pubic tubercle Medial ridge of linea aspera Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Adductor magnus Inferior pubic ramus and ischial tuberosity Medial ridge of linea aspera and the adductor tubercle Obturator nerve and tibial nerve (L2-L5)
Adductor minimus Inferior pubic ramus Medial ridge of linea aspera Obturator nerve (L2) [3]
Pectineus Pectineal line (pubis) Pectineal line Femoral nerve and sometimes the obturator nerve (L2-L4)
Gracilis Inferior pubic ramus Pes anserinus on the tibia Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
Obturator externus Lateral surface of obturator membrane and the ischiopubic ramus Trochanteric fossa Posterior branch of obturator nerve (L5-S2)

Nerve supply

The pectineus is the only adductor muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve. The other adductor muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve [1] with the exception of a small part of the adductor magnus which is innervated by the tibial nerve. [4]

Variation

In 33% of people a supernumerary muscle is found between the adductor brevis and adductor minimus. When present, this muscle originates from the upper part of the inferior ramus of the pubis from where it runs downwards and laterally. In half of cases, it inserts into the anterior surface of the insertion aponeurosis of the adductor minimus. In the remaining cases, it is either inserted into the upper part of the pectineal line or the posterior part of the lesser trochanter. While similar to its neighbouring adductors, it is formed by separation from the superficial layer of the obturator externus, and is thus not ontogenetically related to the adductors. [5]

Clinical significance

Tenotomy

An adductor tenotomy (cutting the origin tendons of the adductor muscles of the thigh) and obturator neurectomy (cutting the anterior branch of the obturator nerve) are sometimes performed on children with cerebral palsy. These children often have hypertonia of the adductor muscles, making abduction difficult, obstructing normal hip development, and putting them at risk of hip luxation.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human leg</span> Lower extremity or limb of the human body (foot, lower leg, thigh and hip)

The leg is the entire lower limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh or sometimes even the hip or buttock region. The major bones of the leg are the femur, tibia, and adjacent fibula. The thigh is between the hip and knee, while the calf (rear) and shin (front) are between the knee and foot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thigh</span> The part of the body between the pelvis and the knee; upper leg

In anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee. Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pectineus muscle</span> Adductor of the thigh

The pectineus muscle is a flat, quadrangular muscle, situated at the anterior (front) part of the upper and medial (inner) aspect of the thigh. The pectineus muscle is the most anterior adductor of the hip. The muscle's primary action is hip flexion; it also produces adduction and internal rotation of the hip.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Groin</span> The two creases at the junction of the torso with the thighs, on either side of the pubic area

In human anatomy, the groin, also known as the inguinal region or iliac region, is the junctional area between the torso and the thigh. The groin is at the front of the body on either side of the pubic tubercle, where the lower part of the abdominal wall meets the thigh. A fold or crease is formed at this junction known as the inguinal groove, or crease. This is also the area of the medial compartment of the thigh that contains attachments of the adductor muscles of the hip or the groin muscles. The groin is the common site for a hernia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">External obturator muscle</span> One of six small hip muscles in the lateral rotator group

The external obturator muscle or obturator externus muscle is a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall of the pelvis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adductor brevis muscle</span> Muscle in the thigh situated immediately behind the pectineus and adductor longus

The adductor brevis is a muscle in the thigh situated immediately deep to the pectineus and adductor longus. It belongs to the adductor muscle group. The main function of the adductor brevis is to pull the thigh medially. The adductor brevis and the rest of the adductor muscle group is also used to stabilize left to right movements of the trunk, when standing on both feet, or to balance when standing on a moving surface. The adductor muscle group is used pressing the thighs together to ride a horse, and kicking with the inside of the foot in soccer or swimming. Last, they contribute to flexion of the thigh when running or against resistance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adductor longus muscle</span> Skeletal muscle located in the thigh

In the human body, the adductor longus is a skeletal muscle located in the thigh. One of the adductor muscles of the hip, its main function is to adduct the thigh and it is innervated by the obturator nerve. It forms the medial wall of the femoral triangle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adductor magnus muscle</span> Muscle in the thigh

The adductor magnus is a large triangular muscle, situated on the medial side of the thigh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gracilis muscle</span> Most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh

The gracilis muscle is the most superficial muscle on the medial side of the thigh. It is thin and flattened, broad above, narrow and tapering below.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iliopsoas</span> Joined psoas and iliacus muscles of the hip and thigh

The iliopsoas muscle refers to the joined psoas major and the iliacus muscles. The two muscles are separate in the abdomen, but usually merge in the thigh. They are usually given the common name iliopsoas. The iliopsoas muscle joins to the femur at the lesser trochanter. It acts as the strongest flexor of the hip.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscles of the hip</span> Causes movement in the hip

In human anatomy, the muscles of the hip joint are those muscles that cause movement in the hip. Most modern anatomists define 17 of these muscles, although some additional muscles may sometimes be considered. These are often divided into four groups according to their orientation around the hip joint: the gluteal group; the lateral rotator group; the adductor group; and the iliopsoas group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lateral rotator group</span> Group of six small muscles of the hip

The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint. It consists of the following muscles: piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris and the obturator externus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lumbar plexus</span> Web of nerves in the lower spine

The lumbar plexus is a web of nerves in the lumbar region of the body which forms part of the larger lumbosacral plexus. It is formed by the divisions of the first four lumbar nerves (L1-L4) and from contributions of the subcostal nerve (T12), which is the last thoracic nerve. Additionally, the ventral rami of the fourth lumbar nerve pass communicating branches, the lumbosacral trunk, to the sacral plexus. The nerves of the lumbar plexus pass in front of the hip joint and mainly support the anterior part of the thigh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Obturator nerve</span> Nerve in human anatomy

The obturator nerve in human anatomy arises from the ventral divisions of the second, third, and fourth lumbar nerves in the lumbar plexus; the branch from the third is the largest, while that from the second is often very small.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pubis (bone)</span> Most forward-facing of the three main regions making up the os coxa

In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone. The pubis is the most forward-facing of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fourth metatarsal bone</span>

The fourth metatarsal bone is a long bone in the foot. It is smaller in size than the third metatarsal bone and is the third longest of the five metatarsal bones. The fourth metatarsal is analogous to the fourth metacarpal bone in the hand

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medial compartment of thigh</span> One of the fascial compartments of the thigh

The medial compartment of thigh is one of the fascial compartments of the thigh and contains the hip adductor muscles and the gracilis muscle.

The anterior branch of the obturator nerve is a branch of the obturator nerve found in the pelvis and leg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adductor minimus muscle</span> Small and flat skeletal muscle in the thigh

In human anatomy, the adductor minimus is a small and flat skeletal muscle in the thigh which constitutes the upper, lateral part of the adductor magnus muscle. It adducts and laterally rotates the femur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muscles of the thumb</span>

The muscles of the thumb are nine skeletal muscles located in the hand and forearm. The muscles allow for flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and opposition of the thumb. The muscles acting on the thumb can be divided into two groups: The extrinsic hand muscles, with their muscle bellies located in the forearm, and the intrinsic hand muscles, with their muscles bellies located in the hand proper.

References

  1. 1 2 Platzer, Werner (2004), " Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1, Locomotor System , Thieme, 5th ed, p 240
  2. Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi[Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). pp. 364–367. ISBN   978-87-628-0307-7.
  3. "Adductor minimus". AnatomyExpert. Archived from the original on April 25, 2013. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  4. Bojsen-Møller, Finn; Simonsen, Erik B.; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen (2001). Bevægeapparatets anatomi[Anatomy of the Locomotive Apparatus] (in Danish) (12th ed.). p. 266. ISBN   978-87-628-0307-7.
  5. Nakamura E, Masumi S, Miura M, Kato S, Miyauchi R (August 1992). "A supernumerary muscle between the adductors brevis and minimus in humans". Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 69 (2–3). Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1992 Aug;69(2-3):89-98.: 89–98. PMID   1436954.