Fibularis tertius

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Fibularis tertius
Peroneus tertius muscle - animation.gif
Animation
Details
Origin Distal anterior surface of the fibula also the interosseous membrane
Insertion Dorsal surface of metatarsal 5
Artery Anterior tibial artery
Nerve Deep fibular nerve
Actions Dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
Identifiers
Latin musculus fibularis tertius
TA98 A04.7.02.039
TA2 2649
FMA 22538
Anatomical terms of muscle

In human anatomy, the fibularis tertius (also known as the peroneus tertius) is a muscle in the anterior compartment of the leg. It acts to tilt the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body (eversion) and to pull the foot upward toward the body (dorsiflexion).

Contents

Structure

The fibularis tertius arises from the lower third of the front surface of the fibula, the lower part of the interosseous membrane, and septum, or connective tissue, between it and the fibularis brevis. [1] The septum is sometimes called the intermuscular septum of Otto.

The muscle passes downward and ends in a tendon that passes under the superior extensor retinaculum and the inferior extensor retinaculum of the foot in the same canal as the extensor digitorum longus muscle. [1] It may be mistaken as a fifth tendon of the extensor digitorum longus. [1] The tendon inserts into the medial part of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fifth metatarsal bone. [1]

The fibularis tertius is supplied by the deep fibular nerve. [2] [3] In rare cases, it may also be supplied by the common fibular nerve. [2] This is unlike the other fibularis muscles, which are located in the lateral compartment of the leg and are supplied by the superficial fibular nerve, since the fibularis tertius is found in the anterior compartment of the leg.

The fibularis tertius may be absent in humans. [1] [4] It may be absent in as few as 5% of people, [4] or as many as 72%, depending on the population surveyed. [1] It is rarely found in other primates, which is one reason its function has been linked to efficient bipedalism. [4]

Function

As a weak dorsiflexor of the ankle joint, the fibularis tertius assists in pulling the foot upward toward the body. It also assists in tilting the sole of the foot away from midline of the body at the ankle (eversion). It is likely to be helpful though not essential in bipedal walking. [4]

Clinical significance

The fibularis tertius may be involved in ankle injuries [1] and may rupture. [5] This is caused by hyperextension. [6]

The fibularis tertius may be imaged using medical ultrasound. [6]

Nomenclature and etymology

Terminologia Anatomica designates "fibularis" as the preferred word over "peroneus.". [7]

The word "peroneus" comes from the Greek word "perone," meaning pin of a brooch or a buckle. In medical terminology, the word refers to being of or relating to the fibula or to the outer portion of the leg.

Other animals

The fibularis tertius muscle in horses originates from the near the lateral condyle of the femur, passes through the extensor sulcus on the head of the tibia, and inserts onto the third metatarsal bone, the third and fourth tarsal bones, and the calcaneus. [8] Rupture of the muscle may cause the Achilles tendon to have a slight dip. [8]

Additional images

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foot</span> Anatomical structure found in vertebrates

The foot is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of one or more segments or bones, generally including claws and/or nails.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human leg</span> Lower extremity or limb of the human body (foot, lower leg, thigh and hip)

The leg is the entire lower limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh or sometimes even the hip or buttock region. The major bones of the leg are the femur, tibia, and adjacent fibula. The thigh is between the hip and knee, while the calf (rear) and shin (front) are between the knee and foot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sciatic nerve</span> Large nerve in humans and other animals

The sciatic nerve, also called the ischiadic nerve, is a large nerve in humans and other vertebrate animals which is the largest branch of the sacral plexus and runs alongside the hip joint and down the lower limb. It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect. The sciatic nerve has no cutaneous branches for the thigh. This nerve provides the connection to the nervous system for the skin of the lateral leg and the whole foot, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot. It is derived from spinal nerves L4 to S3. It contains fibers from both the anterior and posterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibularis longus</span> Superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg

In human anatomy, the fibularis longus is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg. It acts to tilt the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body (eversion) and to extend the foot downward away from the body at the ankle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ankle</span> Region where the foot and the leg meet

The ankle, the talocrural region or the jumping bone (informal) is the area where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint. The movements produced at this joint are dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot. In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. In medical terminology, "ankle" can refer broadly to the region or specifically to the talocrural joint.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extensor hallucis longus muscle</span> Thin muscle, situated between the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is a thin skeletal muscle, situated between the tibialis anterior and the extensor digitorum longus. It extends the big toe and dorsiflects the foot. It also assists with foot eversion and inversion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tibialis anterior muscle</span> Flexor muscle in humans that dorsiflexes the foot

The tibialis anterior muscle is a muscle of the anterior compartment of the lower leg. It originates from the upper portion of the tibia; it inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot. This muscle is mostly located near the shin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extensor digitorum longus muscle</span> Pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg

The extensor digitorum longus is a pennate muscle, situated at the lateral part of the front of the leg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extensor digitorum brevis muscle</span> Muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4

The extensor digitorum brevis muscle is a muscle on the upper surface of the foot that helps extend digits 2 through 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibularis brevis</span> Shorter and smaller of the fibularis (peroneus) muscles

In human anatomy, the fibularis brevis is a muscle that lies underneath the fibularis longus within the lateral compartment of the leg. It acts to tilt the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body (eversion) and to extend the foot downward away from the body at the ankle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superficial fibular nerve</span> Nerve in the human leg and foot

The superficial fibular nerve is a mixed nerve that provides motor innervation to the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles, and sensory innervation to skin over the antero-lateral aspect of the leg along with the greater part of the dorsum of the foot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deep fibular nerve</span> Type of nerve

The deep fibular nerve begins at the bifurcation of the common fibular nerve between the fibula and upper part of the fibularis longus, passes infero-medially, deep to the extensor digitorum longus, to the anterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and comes into relation with the anterior tibial artery above the middle of the leg; it then descends with the artery to the front of the ankle-joint, where it divides into a lateral and a medial terminal branch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibular retinacula</span> Anatomical structure of the ankle

The fibular retinacula are fibrous retaining bands that bind down the tendons of the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis muscles as they run across the side of the ankle.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Inferior extensor retinaculum of foot</span> Y-shaped band placed in front of the ankle-joint

The inferior extensor retinaculum of the foot is a Y-shaped band placed in front of the ankle-joint, the stem of the Y being attached laterally to the upper surface of the calcaneus, in front of the depression for the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament; it is directed medialward as a double layer, one lamina passing in front of, and the other behind, the tendons of the peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus.

The flexor retinaculum of foot is a strong fibrous band in the foot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibularis muscles</span> Group of muscles in the leg

The fibularis muscles are a group of muscles in the lower leg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Superior extensor retinaculum of foot</span> Upper part of the extensor retinaculum of foot

The superior extensor retinaculum of the foot is the upper part of the extensor retinaculum of foot which extends from the ankle to the heelbone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anterior compartment of leg</span> Part of the fascial compartments of leg

The anterior compartment of the leg is a fascial compartment of the lower leg. It contains muscles that produce dorsiflexion and participate in inversion and eversion of the foot, as well as vascular and nervous elements, including the anterior tibial artery and veins and the deep fibular nerve.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deep fascia of leg</span> Forms a complete investment to the muscles

The deep fascia of leg or crural fascia forms a complete investment to the muscles, and is fused with the periosteum over the subcutaneous surfaces of the bones.

References

PD-icon.svgThis article incorporates text in the public domain from page 482 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

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  2. 1 2 Zetaruk, Merrilee; Hyman, Jeff (2007-01-01), Frontera, Walter R.; Herring, Stanley A.; Micheli, Lyle J.; Silver, Julie K (eds.), "CHAPTER 32 - Leg Injuries", Clinical Sports Medicine, Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 441–457, doi:10.1016/b978-141602443-9.50035-0, ISBN   978-1-4160-2443-9 , retrieved 2021-02-23
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  4. 1 2 3 4 Jungers, William L.; Meldrum, D. Jeffrey; Stern, Jack T. (1993-11-01). "The functional and evolutionary significance of the human peroneus tertius muscle". Journal of Human Evolution. 25 (5): 377–386. doi:10.1006/jhev.1993.1056. ISSN   0047-2484.
  5. Guard, Charles L.; Peek, Simon F.; Fecteau, Gilles (2018). "12 - Musculoskeletal Disorders". Rebhun's Diseases of Dairy Cattle (3rd ed.). Saunders. pp. 553–604. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-39055-2.00012-7. ISBN   978-0-323-39055-2.
  6. 1 2 Dyson, Sue J. (2011). "80 - Other Soft Tissue Injuries". Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse (2nd ed.). Saunders. pp. 802–806. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00080-8. ISBN   978-1-4160-6069-7.
  7. FIPAT (2019). Terminologia Anatomica. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology.
  8. 1 2 Walmsley, John P. (2011). "46 - The Stifle". Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse (2nd ed.). Saunders. pp. 532–549. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-6069-7.00046-8. ISBN   978-1-4160-6069-7.