Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons

The timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites charts the progress of the discovery of new bodies over history. Each object is listed in chronological order of its discovery (multiple dates occur when the moments of imaging, observation, and publication differ), identified through its various designations (including temporary and permanent schemes), and the discoverer(s) listed.

Historically the naming of moons did not always match the times of their discovery. Traditionally, the discoverer enjoys the privilege of naming the new object; however, some neglected to do so (E. E. Barnard stated he would "defer any suggestions as to a name" [for Amalthea] "until a later paper" ^[1] but never got around to picking one from the numerous suggestions he received) or actively declined (S. B. Nicholson stated "Many have asked what the new satellites [Lysithea and Carme] are to be named. They will be known only by the numbers X and XI, written in Roman numerals, and usually prefixed by the letter J to identify them with Jupiter." ^[2] ). The issue arose nearly as soon as planetary satellites were discovered: Galileo referred to the four main satellites of Jupiter using numbers while the names suggested by his rival Simon Marius gradually gained universal acceptance. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) eventually started officially approving names in the late 1970s. With the explosion of discoveries in the 21st century, new moons have once again started to be left unnamed even after their numbering, beginning with Jupiter LI and Jupiter LII in 2010.

Key info

In the following tables, planetary satellites are indicated in bold type (e.g. Moon) while planets and dwarf planets, which directly circle the Sun, are in italic type (e.g. Earth). The Sun itself is indicated in roman type. The tables are sorted by publication/announcement date. Dates are annotated with the following symbols:

• i: for date of first imaging (photography, etc.);
• o: for date of first human visual observation, either through telescope or on photographic plate;
• p: for date of announcement or publication.

In a few cases, the date is uncertain and is then marked "(?)".

* Note: Moons marked by an asterisk (*) had complicated discoveries, such as being lost and rediscovered. Some of them thus appear multiple times in the list to clarify the situation.

Color legend

The Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, and their natural satellites are marked in the following colors:

Sun   The Sun

Planets    Mercury    Venus    Earth and satellite    Mars and satellites    Jupiter and satellites    Saturn and satellites    Uranus and satellites    Neptune and satellites

Consensus dwarf planets    Ceres    Orcus and satellite    Pluto and satellites    Haumea and satellites    Quaoar and satellite    Makemake and satellite    Gonggong and satellite    Eris and satellite    Sedna

It is not known precisely how many objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets; the nine objects listed in the third column are the ones agreed on by most astronomers, corresponding to a threshold of about 900–1000 km diameter.

Designations

• Other designations are synonyms or periphrases sometimes encountered for the object.
• Permanent designations (of planetary satellites) are explained here.
• Temporary designations are explained here.

If a satellite is named, its name is bolded; if it is unnamed, but has a permanent designation, then its permanent designation is bolded; and if it has neither, then its temporary designation is bolded.

Prehistorically discovered

Prehistory
Name	Image	Other designation	Notes
Sun		Star	In the geocentric model, developed in Ancient Greece, then standardized by Ptolemy in the 2nd century, the Earth was believed to be at the center of the cosmos. Seven planets were placed in orbit around it in an order of increasing distance from the Earth, as established by the Greek Stoics: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. This list included two objects, the Sun and the Moon, which are now not generally considered planets. In the 5th century BCE, the Greek philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas speculated separately that the Earth was a sphere revolving daily around some mystical "central fire" that regulated the universe. Anaxagoras proposed that the Sun is a star around 450 BCE. In the 3rd century BCE, Aristarchus of Samos extended this idea by proposing that the Earth and other planets moved around a definite central object, which he believed to be the Sun though this was not widely accepted until the 17th century and not proven until the 19th. [3]
Earth		3rd Planet	Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the subject of historical misconception for centuries. [4] [5] Earth was never formally 'discovered' because it was never an unrecognized entity by humans. However, its shared identity with other bodies as a "planet" is a historically recent discovery. The Earth's position in the Solar System was correctly described in the heliocentric model proposed by Aristarchus of Samos. [6]
Moon		Earth I	In the Copernican system, the Moon was considered to be no longer a planet but a natural satellite of the Earth, and was originally thought to be the only body in that system whose revolution was not centered on the Sun.
Mercury		1st Planet	Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were identified by ancient Babylonian astronomers in the 2nd millennium BC. [7] They were correctly identified as orbiting the Sun by Aristarchus of Samos, and later in Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric system [8] ( De revolutionibus orbium coelestium , 1543)
Venus		2nd Planet
Mars		4th Planet
Jupiter		5th Planet
Saturn		6th Planet

17th century

17th century
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1610s
o: 7 January 1610 p: 13 March 1610	Ganymede		Jupiter III	Galileo [9] [10] discovered the Galilean moons. These satellites were the first celestial objects that were confirmed to orbit an object other than the Sun or Earth. Galileo saw Io and Europa as a single point of light on 7 January 1610; they were seen as separate bodies the following night. [11]
	Callisto		Jupiter IV
o: 8 January 1610 p: 13 March 1610	Io		Jupiter I
	Europa		Jupiter II
1650s
o: 25 March 1655 p: 5 March 1656	Titan		Saturn VI Saturn II (1673–1684), Saturn IV (1686–1789)	Huygens [12] first "published" his discovery as an anagram, sent out on 13 June 1655; later published in pamphlet form as De Saturni luna Observatio Nova and in full in Systema Saturnium [13] (July 1659).
1670s
o: 25 October 1671 p: 1673	Iapetus		Saturn VIII Saturn III (1673–1684), Saturn V (1686–1789), Saturn VII (1789–1848)	Cassini [14]
o: 23 December 1672 p: 1673	Rhea		Saturn V Saturn I (1673–1684), Saturn III (1686–1789)
1680s
o: 21 March 1684 p: 22 April 1686	Tethys		Saturn III Saturn I (1686–1789)	Cassini [15] Together with his previous two discoveries, Cassini named these satellites Sidera Lodoicea . In his work Kosmotheôros [16] (published posthumously in 1698), Christiaan Huygens relates "Jupiter you see has his four, and Saturn his five Moons about him, all plac’d in their Orbits."
	Dione		Saturn IV Saturn II (1686–1789)
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

The numbering of Saturn's moons was adjusted with each new discovery until 1848, in order to continue reflecting their order from their parent planet.

18th century

18th century
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1780s
o: 13 March 1781 p: 26 April 1781	Uranus		7th Planet	Herschel first reported the discovery of Uranus on 26 April 1781, initially believing it to be a comet. [17]
: 11 January 1787 p: 15 February 1787	Titania		Uranus III Uranus I (1787–1797)	Herschel. [18] [19] He later reported four more spurious satellites. [20]
	Oberon		Uranus IV Uranus II (1787–1797)
o: 28 August 1789 [21] p: 12 November 1789	Enceladus		Saturn II	Herschel [22]
o: 17 September 1789 p: 12 November 1789	Mimas		Saturn I
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

The numbering of Titania and Oberon underwent some confusion, because in 1797, Herschel reported four more satellites of Uranus ^[23] that turned out not to exist. Before any more Uranian moons were discovered, William Lassell sometimes adopted Herschel's numbers where Titania and Oberon are respectively Uranus II and IV, ^[24] and sometimes called them respectively Uranus I and II. ^[25] After he discovered Ariel and Umbriel in 1851, Lassell numbered the four real Uranian satellites then known outward from their parent planet as I (Ariel), II (Umbriel), III (Titania), and IV (Oberon), and this finally stuck. ^[26]

19th century

19th century
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1800s
o: 1 January 1801 p: 24 January 1801	Ceres		8th Planet  (1801) Asteroid  (1851) Dwarf planet  (2006)	Giuseppe Piazzi. He first announced his discovery on 24 January 1801, in letters to fellow astronomers. [27] The first formal publication was the September 1801 issue of the Monatliche Correspondenz. [28]
1840s
o: 23 September 1846 p: 13 November 1846	Neptune		13th Planet (1846) [a] 8th Planet (1851)	Galle and Le Verrier [29] [30]
o: 10 October 1846 p: 13 November 1846	Triton		Neptune I	Lassell [31]
o: 16 September 1848 p: 7 October 1848	Hyperion		Saturn VII	Bond, Bond, [32] Lassell [33]
1850s
o: 24 October 1851	Ariel		Uranus I	Lassell [26]
	Umbriel		Uranus II
1870s
o: 12 August 1877	Deimos		Mars II	Hall [34] [35] [36]
o: 18 August 1877	Phobos		Mars I
1890s
o: 9 September 1892 p: 4 October 1892	Amalthea		Jupiter V	Barnard [1] [37]
i: 16 August 1898 o: 17 March 1899	Phoebe		Saturn IX	Pickering [38] [39]
Date	Name	Image	Other/Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

1. At the time of Neptune's discovery, dwarf planet Ceres and asteroids Pallas, Juno, Vesta, and Astraea were counted as planets.

The discovery of Amalthea marks the first time the Roman numerals were not adjusted with the discovery of a new satellite; from then on they reflected order of discovery rather than distance from the parent planet.

20th century

1901–1950

Early 20th century
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1900s
i: 3 December 1904 p: 6 January 1905	Himalia		Jupiter VI	Perrine [37] [40] [41]
i: 2 January 1905 p: 27 February 1905	Elara		Jupiter VII	Perrine [37] [41] [42]
i: 27 January 1908 o: 28 February 1908 p: 1–6 March 1908	Pasiphae		Jupiter VIII	Melotte [37] [43] [44]
1910s
i: 21 July 1914 p: 17 September 1914	Sinope		Jupiter IX	Nicholson [37] [45]
1930s
i: 23 January 1930 o: 18 February 1930 p: 13 March 1930	Pluto		9th Planet  (1930) Dwarf planet  (2006)	Tombaugh [46]
i: 6 July 1938 p: August 1938	Lysithea		Jupiter X	Nicholson [37] [47]
i: 30 July 1938 p: August 1938	Carme		Jupiter XI
1940s
i: 16 February 1948 p: June 1949	Miranda		Uranus V	Kuiper [37] [48]
i: 1 May 1949 p: August 1949	Nereid		Neptune II	Kuiper [37] [49] [50]
Date	Name	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

1951–2000

Late 20th century
Date	Name	Temporary Designation	Image	Permanent Designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
1950s
i: 28 September 1951 p: December 1951	Ananke	—		Jupiter XII	Nicholson [51] [52]
1960s
i: 15 December 1966 p: 3 January 1967	Janus *	S/1966 S 2		Saturn X	Dollfus [51] [53] [54] [55] [56] (Dollfus may have seen either Janus or Epimetheus)
i: 18 December 1966 p: 6 January 1967	Epimetheus *	S/1980 S 3		Saturn XI	Walker [51] [57]
1970s
i: 11 September 1974 p: 20 September 1974	Leda	—		Jupiter XIII	Kowal [37] [58]
i: 30 September 1975 p: 3 October 1975	Themisto *	S/1975 J 1		Jupiter XVIII	Kowal and Roemer [37] [59] (Discovered and then lost)
i: 13 April 1978 o: 22 June 1978 p: 7 July 1978	Charon	S/1978 P 1		Pluto I	Christy [60] [61]
i: 8 July 1979 p: 23 November 1979	Adrastea	S/1979 J 1		Jupiter XV	Jewitt, Danielson, Voyager 2 [54] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66]
1980s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 26 February 1980 p: 6 March 1980	Epimetheus *	S/1980 S 3		Saturn XI	[51] [56] [67] [68] [69] [70] (Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: 1 March 1980 p: 6 March 1980	Helene	S/1980 S 6		Saturn XII	Laques, Lecacheux [37] [67] [68] [69] [70]
i: 8 April 1980 p: 10 April 1980	Telesto	S/1980 S 13		Saturn XIII	Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain, Voyager 1 [51] [70] [71]
i: 5 March 1979 p: 28 April 1980	Thebe	S/1979 J 2		Jupiter XIV	Synnott, Voyager 1 [51] [63] [64]
i: 19 February 1980 p: 6 June 1980	Janus *	S/1980 S 1		Saturn X	[54] [56] [68] [69] [70] (Confirmed by Voyager 1)
i: 13 March 1980 p: 31 July 1980	Calypso	S/1980 S 25		Saturn XIV	Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie [51] [69] [70]
i: 4 March 1979 p: 26 August 1980	Metis	S/1979 J 3		Jupiter XVI	Synnott, Voyager 1 [51] [64]
o: October 1980 p: 31 October 1980	Prometheus	S/1980 S 27		Saturn XVI	Collins, Voyager 1 [72]
	Pandora	S/1980 S 26		Saturn XVII	Collins, Voyager 1 [37] [72]
o: October 1980 p: 13 November 1980	Atlas	S/1980 S 28		Saturn XV	Terrile, Voyager 1 [51] [73]
i: 24 May 1981 p: 29 May 1981	Larissa *	S/1981 N 1		Neptune VII	Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen [37] [74]
i: 30 December 1985 p: 9 January 1986	Puck	S/1985 U 1		Uranus XV	Synnott, Voyager 2 [37] [75]
i: 3 January 1986 p: 16 January 1986	Juliet	S/1986 U 2		Uranus XI	Synnott, Voyager 2 [37] [76] [77]
	Portia	S/1986 U 1		Uranus XII
i: 9 January 1986 p: 16 January 1986	Cressida	S/1986 U 3		Uranus IX
i: 13 January 1986 p: 16 January 1986	Desdemona	S/1986 U 6		Uranus X
	Rosalind	S/1986 U 4		Uranus XIII
	Belinda	S/1986 U 5		Uranus XIV
i: 20 January 1986 p: 27January 1986	Cordelia	S/1986 U 7		Uranus VI	Terrile, Voyager 2 [37] [78]
	Ophelia	S/1986 U 8		Uranus VII
i: 23 January 1986 p: 27 January 1986	Bianca	S/1986 U 9		Uranus VIII	Smith, Voyager 2 [37] [78]
i: 16 June 1989 p: 7 July 1989	Proteus	S/1989 N 1		Neptune VIII	Synnott, Voyager 2 [37] [79]
i: 28 July 1989 p: 2 August 1989	Larissa *	S/1989 N 2		Neptune VII	Synnott, Voyager 2 (recovered) [80] [37]
	Despina	S/1989 N 3		Neptune V	Synnott, Voyager 2 [80] [37]
	Galatea	S/1989 N 4		Neptune VI
i: 18 September 1989 p: 29 September 1989	Thalassa	S/1989 N 5		Neptune IV	Terrile, Voyager 2 [37] [81]
	Naiad	S/1989 N 6		Neptune III
1990s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 22 August 1981 p: 16 July 1990	Pan *	S/1981 S 13		Saturn XVIII	Showalter, Voyager 2 [37] [82]
i: 23 August 1981 p: 14 April 1995	Pallene * (see below)	S/1981 S 14		Saturn XXXIII	Gordon, Murray and Beurle [37] [83] [84]
i: 6 September 1997 p: 31 October 1997	Caliban	S/1997 U 1		Uranus XVI	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars [37] [85]
	Sycorax	S/1997 U 2		Uranus XVII	Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars [85]
i: 18 January 1986 p: 18 May 1999	Perdita *	S/1986 U 10		Uranus XXV	Karkoschka, Voyager 2 [37] [86]
i: 18 July 1999 p: 27 July 1999	Setebos	S/1999 U 1		Uranus XIX	Kavelaars, Gladman, Holman, Petit, Scholl [37] [87]
	Stephano	S/1999 U 2		Uranus XX	Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl [37] [87]
i: 18 July 1999 p: 4 September 1999	Prospero	S/1999 U 3		Uranus XVIII	Holman, Kavelaars, Gladman, Petit, Scholl [37] [88]
2000s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 6 October 1999 p: 20 July 2000	Callirrhoe	S/1999 J 1		Jupiter XVII	Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels [37] [89] [90]
i: 7 August 2000 p: 25 October 2000	Ymir	S/2000 S 1		Saturn XIX	Gladman [37] [91] [92]
	Paaliaq	S/2000 S 2		Saturn XX
i: 23 September 2000 p: 25 October 2000	Siarnaq	S/2000 S 3		Saturn XXIX	Gladman, Kavelaars [37] [93] [94]
	Tarvos	S/2000 S 4		Saturn XXI	Kavelaars, Gladman [37] [93] [94]
i: 7 August 2000 p: 18 November 2000	Kiviuq	S/2000 S 5		Saturn XXIV	Gladman [37] [94] [95]
i: 23 September 2000 p: 18 November 2000	Ijiraq	S/2000 S 6		Saturn XXII	Kavelaars, Gladman [37] [94] [95]
i: 21 November 2000 p: 25 November 2000	Themisto *	S/2000 J 1		Jupiter XVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (Rediscovered) [37] [96] [97]
i: 23 September 2000 p: 7 December 2000	Thrymr	S/2000 S 7		Saturn XXX	Gladman, Kavelaars [37] [92] [98]
	Skathi	S/2000 S 8		Saturn XXVII	Kavelaars, Gladman [37] [92] [98]
	Mundilfari	S/2000 S 9		Saturn XXV	Gladman, Kavelaars [37] [92] [98]
	Erriapus	S/2000 S 10		Saturn XXVIII	Kavelaars, Gladman [37] [94] [99]
i: 9 November 2000 p: 19 December 2000	Albiorix	S/2000 S 11		Saturn XXVI	Holman, Spahr [37] [100] [101]
i: 23 September 2000 p: 22 December 2000	Suttungr	S/2000 S 12		Saturn XXIII	Gladman, Kavelaars [37] [102] [103]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

21st century

2000s

2000s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 23 November 2000 p: 5 January 2001	Kalyke	S/2000 J 2		Jupiter XXIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans [37] [104] [105] [106]
	Iocaste	S/2000 J 3		Jupiter XXIV
	Erinome	S/2000 J 4		Jupiter XXV
	Harpalyke	S/2000 J 5		Jupiter XXII
	Isonoe	S/2000 J 6		Jupiter XXVI
	Praxidike	S/2000 J 7		Jupiter XXVII
i: 25 November 2000 p: 5 January 2001	Megaclite	S/2000 J 8		Jupiter XIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans [37] [104] [106]
	Taygete	S/2000 J 9		Jupiter XX
i: 26 November 2000 p: 5 January 2001	Chaldene	S/2000 J 10		Jupiter XXI
i: 5 December 2000 p: 5 January 2001	Dia	S/2000 J 11		Jupiter LIII
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 9 December 2001 p: 16 May 2002	Hermippe	S/2001 J 3		Jupiter XXX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [107] [108]
	Eurydome	S/2001 J 4		Jupiter XXXII
	Sponde	S/2001 J 5		Jupiter XXXVI
	Kale	S/2001 J 8		Jupiter XXXVII
i: 10 December 2001 p: 16 May 2002	Autonoe	S/2001 J 1		Jupiter XXVIII
i: 11 December 2001 p: 16 May 2002	Thyone	S/2001 J 2		Jupiter XXIX
	Pasithee	S/2001 J 6		Jupiter XXXVIII
	Euanthe	S/2001 J 7		Jupiter XXXIII
	Orthosie	S/2001 J 9		Jupiter XXXV
	Euporie	S/2001 J 10		Jupiter XXXIV
	Aitne	S/2001 J 11		Jupiter XXXI
i: 13 August 2001 p: 30 September 2002	Trinculo	S/2001 U 1	—	Uranus XXI	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic [37] [109] [110]
i: 4 June 2002 o: 5 June 2002 p: 7 October 2002	Quaoar	(50000) 2002 LM60		Dwarf planet	Trujillo, Brown [111]
i: 31 October 2002 p: 18 December 2002	Arche	S/2002 J 1		Jupiter XLIII	Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry [37] [112] [113]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 23 July 2002 p: 13 January 2003	Sao	S/2002 N 2		Neptune XI	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic [37] [114] [115]
i: 10 August 2002 p: 13 January 2003	Halimede	S/2002 N 1		Neptune IX
i: 11 August 2002 p: 13 January 2003	Laomedeia	S/2002 N 3		Neptune XII
i: 5 February 2003 p: 4 March 2003	Eukelade	S/2003 J 1		Jupiter XLVII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh [37] [116] [117]
	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 2		—
	Eupheme	S/2003 J 3		Jupiter LX
	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 4		—
i: 6 February 2003 p: 4 March 2003	Eirene	S/2003 J 5	—	Jupiter LVII
	Helike	S/2003 J 6		Jupiter XLV
i: 8 February 2003 p: 4 March 2003	Aoede	S/2003 J 7	—	Jupiter XLI
i: 8 February 2003 p: 6 March 2003	Hegemone	S/2003 J 8	—	Jupiter XXXIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández [37] [118] [119]
i: 6 February 2003 p: 7 March 2003	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 9		—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández [37] [120] [121]
		S/2003 J 10
	Kallichore	S/2003 J 11	—	Jupiter XLIV
i: 8 February 2003 p: 7 March 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 12		—
i: 9 February 2003 p: 2 April 2003	Cyllene	S/2003 J 13	—	Jupiter XLVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [122] [123]
i: 8 February 2003 p: 3 April 2003	Kore	S/2003 J 14		Jupiter XLIX	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [122] [124]
i: 6 February 2003 p: 3 April 2003	Philophrosyne	S/2003 J 15	—	Jupiter LVIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández [122] [125]
	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 16		—	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen [122] [126]
i: 8 February 2003 p: 3 April 2003	Herse	S/2003 J 17	—	Jupiter L	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen [37] [122] [127]
i: 6 February 2003 p: 4 April 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 18		Jupiter LV	Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [122] [128]
i: 5 February 2003 p: 8 April 2003	Narvi	S/2003 S 1		Saturn XXXI	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [122] [129]
i: 6 February 2003 p: 12 April 2003	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 19	—	Jupiter LXI	Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen [130] [131]
i: 9 February 2003 p: 14 April 2003	Carpo	S/2003 J 20		Jupiter XLVI	Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [130] [132]
i: 6 February 2003 p: 29 May 2003	Mneme	S/2003 J 21		Jupiter XL	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen [37] [133] [134]
i: 18 January 1986 p: 3 September 2003	Perdita *	S/1986 U 10		Uranus XXV	Karkoschka (Recovered by the Hubble Space Telescope) [37] [86] [135]
i: 29 August 2003 p: 3 September 2003	Psamathe	S/2003 N 1		Neptune X	Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars [37] [136] [137]
i: 25 August 2003 p: 25 September 2003	Mab	S/2003 U 1		Uranus XXVI	Showalter, Lissauer [138]
	Cupid	S/2003 U 2		Uranus XXVII
i: 13 August 2001 p: 30 September 2003	Ferdinand *	S/2001 U 2		Uranus XXIV	2001: Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic; 2003: Sheppard, Jewitt (recovered) [37] [139] [140]
i: 14 August 2002 p: 30 September 2003	Neso	S/2002 N 4		Neptune XIII	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic [37] [139] [141]
i: 13 August 2001 p: 7 October 2003	Francisco	S/2001 U 3	—	Uranus XXII	Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman [37] [142]
i: 29 August 2003 p: 9 October 2003	Margaret	S/2003 U 3		Uranus XXIII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Holman, Kavelaars [37] [143] [144]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 9 February 2003 p: 24 January 2004	Thelxinoe	S/2003 J 22	—	Jupiter XLII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen [37] [145] [146]
i: 6 February 2003 p: 31 January 2004	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 23		—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández [147] [148]
i: 17 February 2004 p: 22 February 2004	Orcus	(90482) 2004 DW		Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz [149]
i: 14 November 2003 p: 15 March 2004	Sedna	(90377) 2003 VB12		Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz [150]
i: 1 June 2004 p: 16 August 2004	Methone	S/2004 S 1		Saturn XXXII	Cassini–Huygens [37] [151] [152] [153]
	Pallene *	S/2004 S 2		Saturn XXXIII
i: 14 August 2002 p: 19 August 2004	(unnamed moon of Neptune)	S/2002 N 5 *		—	Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser (as lost moon c02N4) [154] [155]
i: 21 October 2004 o: 24 October 2004 p: 8 November 2004	Polydeuces	S/2004 S 5		Saturn XXXIV	Cassini–Huygens [37] [156] [157]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 12 December 2004 p: 3 May 2005	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 7	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden [37] [158]
	Fornjot	S/2004 S 8		Saturn XLII
	Farbauti	S/2004 S 9	—	Saturn XL
	Aegir	S/2004 S 10	—	Saturn XXXVI
	Bebhionn	S/2004 S 11		Saturn XXXVII
	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2004 S 12	—	—
		S/2004 S 13	—
	Hati	S/2004 S 14		Saturn XLIII
	Bergelmir	S/2004 S 15		Saturn XXXVIII
i: 13 December 2004 p: 3 May 2005	Fenrir	S/2004 S 16	—	Saturn XLI
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 17	—	—
	Bestla	S/2004 S 18		Saturn XXXIX
i: 1 May 2005 p: 6 May 2005	Daphnis	S/2005 S 1		Saturn XXXV	Cassini–Huygens [159]
i: 7 March 2003 o: 27 July 2005 i: 6 May 2004 o: 28 December 2004 p: 29 July 2005	Haumea	(136108) 2003 EL61		Dwarf planet	(Ortiz, Aceituno Castro, Santos-Sanz) [37] [160] or (Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz) [161] (see the Controversy over the discovery of Haumea )
i: 21 October 2003 o: 5 January 2005 p: 29 July 2005	Eris	(136199) 2003 UB313		Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz [37] [161] [162]
o: 26 January 2005 p: 29 July 2005	Hiʻiaka	S/2005 (136108) 1		Haumea I	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz [37] [163]
i: 31 March 2005 p: 29 July 2005	Makemake	(136472) 2005 FY9		Dwarf planet	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz [161] [164]
o: 30 June 2005 p: 29 July 2005	Namaka	S/2005 (136108) 2		Haumea II	Brown, Trujillo, Rabinowitz [165]
i: 10 September 2005 p: 3 October 2005	Dysnomia	S/2005 (136199) 1		Eris I	Brown, van Dam, Bouchez, Le Mignant, Campbell, Chin, Conrad, Hartman, Johansson, Lafon, Rabinowitz, Stomski, Summers, Trujillo, Wizinowich [166]
i: 15 May 2005 o: 15 June 2005 p: 31 October 2005	Nix	S/2005 P 2		Pluto II	Weaver, Stern, Mutchler, Steffl, Buie, Merline, Spencer, Young, Young [167]
	Hydra	S/2005 P 1		Pluto III
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 12 December 2004 o: 6 March 2006 (?) p: 26 June 2006	Hyrrokkin	S/2004 S 19		Saturn XLIV	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [168] [169]
i: 4 January 2006 o: 6 March 2006 (?) p: 26 June 2006	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2006 S 1	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [169] [170]
	Kari	S/2006 S 2		Saturn XLV
i: 5 January 2006 o: 6 March 2006 (?) p: 26 June 2006	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2006 S 3	—	—
	Greip	S/2006 S 4		Saturn LI
	Loge	S/2006 S 5		Saturn XLVI
	Jarnsaxa	S/2006 S 6	—	Saturn L
	Surtur	S/2006 S 7	—	Saturn XLVIII
	Skoll	S/2006 S 8		Saturn XLVII
i: 13 November 2005 p: 22 February 2007	Vanth	S/2005 (90482) 1		Orcus I	Brown, Suer [171]
i: 14 February 2006 p: 22 February 2007	Weywot	S/2006 (50000) 1		Quaoar I	Brown, Suer [171]
i: 5 January 2006 o: 16 January 2007 (?) p: 13April 2007	Tarqeq	S/2007 S 1		Saturn LII	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [37] [172] [173]
i: 18 January 2007 o: ? p: 1 May 2007	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2007 S 2	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [173] [174]
		S/2007 S 3	—	—
i: June 2004 o: 30 May 2007 p: 18 July 2007	Anthe	S/2007 S 4		Saturn XLIX	Cassini–Huygens [37] [175]
i: 17 July 2007 p: 7 January 2009	Gonggong	(225088) 2007 OR10		Dwarf planet	Schwamb, Brown, Rabinowitz [176]
i: 15 August 2008 p: 3 March 2009	Aegaeon	S/2008 S 1		Saturn LIII	Cassini–Huygens [37] [177]
i: 26 July 2009 o: ? p: 2 November 2009	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2009 S 1		—	Cassini–Huygens [178]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

2010s

2010s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 7 September 2010 p: 1 June 2011	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2010 J 1		Jupiter LI	Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman and Alexandersen [179]
		S/2010 J 2		Jupiter LII	Veillet [179]
i: 28 June 2011 p: 20 July 2011	Kerberos	S/2011 (134340) 1		Pluto IV	Showalter [180] [181]
i: 27 September 2011 p: 29 January 2012	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2011 J 1	—	Jupiter LXXII	Sheppard [182]
		S/2011 J 2	—	Jupiter LVI
i: 26 June 2012 p: 11 July 2012	Styx	S/2012 (134340) 1		Pluto V	Showalter [183]
i: 6 November 2004 o: 1 July 2013 p: 15 July 2013	Hippocamp *	S/2004 N 1		Neptune XIV	Showalter et al. [184]
i: 27 April 2015 p: 25 April 2016	(unnamed moon of Makemake)	S/2015 (136472) 1		—	Parker et al. [185] [186]
i: 18 September 2010 p: 17 October 2016	Xiangliu	S/2010 (225088) 1		Gonggong I	Marton, Kiss, Müller [187]
i: 8 March 2016 p: 2 June 2017	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2016 J 1		Jupiter LIV	Sheppard et al. [188] [189] [190]
i: 23 March 2017 p: 5 June 2017		S/2017 J 1		Jupiter LIX
i: 9 March 2016 p: 17 July 2018	Valetudo	S/2016 J 2		Jupiter LXII
i: 5 February 2016 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2017 J 2		Jupiter LXIII
i: 5 February 2016 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018		S/2017 J 3		Jupiter LXIV
i: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018	Pandia	S/2017 J 4		Jupiter LXV
i: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2017 J 5	—	Jupiter LXVI
i: 24 February 2017 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018		S/2017 J 6	—	Jupiter LXVII
i: 24 February 2017 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018		S/2017 J 7	—	Jupiter LXVIII
i: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018		S/2017 J 8		Jupiter LXIX
i: 24 February 2017 o: 23 March 2017 p: 17 July 2018		S/2017 J 9	—	Jupiter LXX
i: 25 March 2017 o: 11 May 2018 p: 17 July 2018	Ersa	S/2018 J 1		Jupiter LXXI
i: 12 December 2004 p: 7 October 2019	Gridr	S/2004 S 20	—	Saturn LIV	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [191]
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 21	—	—
	Angrboda	S/2004 S 22	—	Saturn LV
	Skrymir	S/2004 S 23	—	Saturn LVI
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 24	—	—
	Gerd	S/2004 S 25	—	Saturn LVII
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 26	—	Saturn LVIII
	Eggther	S/2004 S 27	—	Saturn LIX
	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2004 S 28	—	—
		S/2004 S 29	—	Saturn LX
	Beli	S/2004 S 30	—	Saturn LXI
i: 12 December 2004 p: 8 October 2019
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 31	—	—
	Gunnlod	S/2004 S 32	—	Saturn LXII
	Thiazzi	S/2004 S 33	—	Saturn LXIII
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 34	—	Saturn LXIV
	Alvaldi	S/2004 S 35	—	Saturn LXV
	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2004 S 36	—	—
		S/2004 S 37	—	—
	Geirrod	S/2004 S 38	—	Saturn LXVI
	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2004 S 39	—	—
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

2020s

2020s
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes
i: 5 February 2003 p: 15 November 2021	(unnamed moon of Jupiter)	S/2003 J 24	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Veillet [192]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 16 November 2021	(unnamed moon of Saturn)	S/2019 S 1		—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [193]
i: 27 September 2011 p: 20 December 2022	(unnamed moons of Jupiter)	S/2011 J 3	—	—	Sheppard [194] [195] [196] [197] [198]
i: 12 May 2018 p: 20 December 2022		S/2018 J 2	—	—
i: 9 March 2016 p: 5 January 2023		S/2016 J 3	—	—
i: 12 August 2021 p: 5 January 2023		S/2021 J 1	—	—
i: 12 May 2018 p: 19 January 2023		S/2018 J 3	—	—
i: 12 August 2021 p: 19 January 2023		S/2021 J 2	—	—
		S/2021 J 3	—	—
i: 14 August 2021 p: 19 January 2023		S/2021 J 4	—	—
i: 5 September 2021 p: 19 January 2023		S/2021 J 5	—	—	Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo [199]
i: 11 May 2018 p: 20 January 2023		S/2018 J 4	—	—	Sheppard [200]
i: 5 September 2021 p: 20 January 2023		S/2021 J 6	—	—	Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo [201]
i: 9 March 2016 p: 24 January 2023		S/2016 J 4	—	—	Sheppard [202] [203] [204] [205]
i: 30 August 2022 p: 22 February 2023		S/2022 J 1	—	—
i: 15 October 2022 p: 22 February 2023		S/2022 J 2	—	—
i: 30 August 2022 p: 22 February 2023		S/2022 J 3	—	—
i: 24 June 2020 p: 3 May 2023	(unnamed moons of Saturn)	S/2020 S 1	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [206] [207] [208] [209] [210]
i: 1 February 2006 p: 3 May 2023		S/2006 S 9	—	—
i: 18 January 2007 p: 3 May 2023		S/2007 S 5	—	—
i: 12 December 2004 p: 3 May 2023		S/2004 S 40	—	—	Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [211]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 3 May 2023		S/2019 S 2	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [212]
		S/2019 S 3	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [213]
i: 27 June 2020 p: 3 May 2023		S/2020 S 2	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [214] [215]
i: 24 June 2020 p: 5 May 2023		S/2020 S 3	—	—
i: 3 July 2019 p: 5 May 2023		S/2019 S 4	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [216]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 6 May 2023		S/2004 S 41	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [217]
i: 24 June 2020 p: 6 May 2023		S/2020 S 4	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [218] [219]
		S/2020 S 5	—	—
i: 16 January 2007 p: 6 May 2023		S/2007 S 6	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [220] [221] [222]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 6 May 2023		S/2004 S 42	—	—
i: 5 January 2006 p: 6 May 2023		S/2006 S 10	—	—
i: 3 July 2019 p: 6 May 2023		S/2019 S 5	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [223]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 7 May 2023		S/2004 S 43	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [224]
		S/2004 S 44	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman [225]
i: 13 December 2004 p: 7 May 2023		S/2004 S 45	—	—	Jewitt, Sheppard, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [226]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 7 May 2023		S/2006 S 11	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [227] [228]
		S/2006 S 12	—	—
i: 3 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023		S/2019 S 6	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [229]
i: 6 January 2006 p: 8 May 2023		S/2006 S 13	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [230]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023		S/2019 S 7	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [231]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023		S/2019 S 8	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [232]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023		S/2019 S 9	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman [233]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 8 May 2023		S/2004 S 46	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [234]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023		S/2019 S 10	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [235]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 8 May 2023		S/2004 S 47	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [236]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 8 May 2023		S/2019 S 11	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [237]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 8 May 2023		S/2006 S 14	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [238]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 9May 2023		S/2019 S 12	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [239]
i: 27 June 2020 p: 9 May 2023		S/2020 S 6	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [240] [241]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 9 May 2023		S/2019 S 13	—	—
i: 5 January 2005 p: 10 May 2023		S/2005 S 4	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [242]
i: 16 January 2007 p: 10 May 2023		S/2007 S 7	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna [243]
i: 21 March 2007 p: 10 May 2023		S/2007 S 8	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [244]
i: 24 June 2020 p: 10 May 2023		S/2020 S 7	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [245]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 10 May 2023		S/2019 S 14	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [246]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 10 May 2023		S/2019 S 15	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [247]
i: 9 March 2005 p: 10 May 2023		S/2005 S 5	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [248]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023		S/2006 S 15	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman [249]
i: 1 February 2006 p: 15 May 2023		S/2006 S 16	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [250]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023		S/2006 S 17	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman [251]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023		S/2004 S 48	—	—	Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [252]
i: 27 June 2020 p: 15 May 2023		S/2020 S 8	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [253]
i: 13 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023		S/2004 S 49	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [254]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023		S/2004 S 50	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [255]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023		S/2006 S 18	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [256]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023		S/2019 S 16	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [257]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023		S/2019 S 17	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [258]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023		S/2019 S 18	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [259]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023		S/2019 S 19	—	—	Ashton, Gladman [260]
i: 1 July 2019 p: 15 May 2023		S/2019 S 20	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [261]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 15 May 2023		S/2006 S 19	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [262] [263]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023		S/2004 S 51	—	—
i: 27 June 2020 p: 15 May 2023		S/2020 S 9	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [264]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 15 May 2023		S/2004 S 52	—	—	Jewitt, Sheppard, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [265]
i: 21 March 2007 p: 16 May 2023		S/2007 S 9	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman [266]
i: 12 December 2004 p: 16 May 2023		S/2004 S 53	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [267]
i: 27 June 2020 p: 16 May 2023		S/2020 S 10	—	—	Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [268]
i: 3 July 2019 p: 16 May 2023		S/2019 S 21	—	—	Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen [269] [270]
i: 5 January 2006 p: 23 May 2023		S/2006 S 20	—	—
i: 7 September 2021 p: 23 February 2024	(unnamed moon of Neptune)	S/2021 N 1	—	—	Sheppard, Tholen, Trujillo, Lykawka [271]
i: 4 November 2023 p: 23 February 2024	(unnamed moon of Uranus)	S/2023 U 1	—	—	Sheppard [272]
i: 14 August 2002 p: 23 February 2024	(unnamed moon of Neptune)	S/2002 N 5 *		—	Sheppard (recovered) [154] (originally published in 2004 as lost moon c02N4) [155]
Date	Name	Temporary designation	Image	Permanent designation	Discoverer(s) and notes

See also

• Timeline of Solar System astronomy
• Timeline of Solar System exploration
• Lists of astronomical objects
• Solar System

References

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32. Bond, W. C. (1 November 1848). "Discovery of a new satellite of Saturn". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 9: 1–2. Bibcode:1848MNRAS...9....1B. doi: 10.1093/mnras/9.1.1 . ISSN   0035-8711.
33. Lassell, W. (June 1848). "Discovery of new satellite of Saturn". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 8: 195. Bibcode:1848MNRAS...8..195L. doi: 10.1093/mnras/8.9.195 . ISSN   0035-8711.
34. Christie, William H. M.; The Satellites of Mars, The Observatory, Vol. 1, No. 6 (20 September 1877), pp. 181–185
35. Hall, Asaph; Observations of the Satellites of Mars (signed 21 September 1877), Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 91, No. 2161 (17 October 1877), pp. 11/12–13/14
36. Hall, Asaph; The Discovery of the Satellites of Mars (signed 28 December 1877), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 38, No. 4 (8 February 1878), pp. 205–209
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38. Pickering, Edward C.; A New Satellite of Saturn, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, No. 49 (17 March 1899), p. 1
39. Pickering, Edward C.; A New Satellite of Saturn (signed 10 April 1899), Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4 (April 1899), pp. 274–276
40. Campbell, William W.; Sixth Satellite of Jupiter, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, No. 173 (6 January 1905), p. 1

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41. Perrine, Charles D.; Orbits of the sixth and seventh satellites of Jupiter (signed 28 May 1905), Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 169, No. 4035 (24 July 1905), pp. 43–44
42. Campbell, William W.; A Seventh Satellite of Jupiter, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, No. 178 (27 February 1905), p. 1

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43. Perrine, Charles D.; Recent Observations of the Moving Object near Jupiter, Discovered at Greenwich by Mr. J. Melotte (signed 21 May 1908), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 20, No. 120 (10 June 1908), p. 184
44. Cowell, Philip H.; Note on the discovery of a Moving Object near Jupiter (1908 CJ), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 68, No. 5 (13 March 1908), p. 373
45. Nicholson, Seth B.; Discovery of the Ninth Satellite of Jupiter (signed 17 September 1914), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 26, No. 155 (October 1914), pp. 197–198
46. Tombaugh, Clyde W. (July 1946). "The Search for the Ninth Planet, Pluto". Leaflet of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 5 (209): 73–80. Bibcode:1946ASPL....5...73T . Retrieved 10 February 2023.
47. Nicholson, Seth B.; Two New Satellites of Jupiter (signed August 1938), Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 50, No. 297 (October 1938), pp. 292–293
48. Kuiper, Gerard P.; The Fifth Satellite of Uranus, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 360 (June 1949), p. 129
49. Kuiper, Gerard P.; The Second Satellite of Neptune, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 61, No. 361 (August 1949), pp. 175–176
50. Vinter Hansen, Julie M.; Object Near Neptune, IAUC 1212 (1 April 1949)
51. Marsden, Brian G.; GX 1+4; Sats OF JUPITER AND SATURN, IAUC 3872 (30 March 1983)
52. Nicholson, Seth B.; An Unidentified Object Near Jupiter, Probably a New Satellite, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 63, No. 375 (December 1951), pp. 297–299
53. Gingerich, Owen; Probable New Satellite of Saturn, IAUC 1987 (3 January 1967)

    Gingerich, Owen; Saturn X (Janus), IAUC 1995 (1 February 1967)

    Marsden, Brian G.; New Ring and Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3417 (25 October 1979)

54. Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3454 (25 February 1980)
55. Marsden, Brian G.; 1980 S 2, IAUC 3456 (29 February 1980)
56. Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3497 (4 August 1980)
57. Gingerich, Owen; Possible New Satellite of Saturn, IAUC 1991 (6 January 1967)
58. Kowal, Charles T.; Thirteenth satellite of Jupiter, Astronomical Journal, Vol. 80, No. 6 (June 1975), pp. 460–464

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2702 (20 September 1974)

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    Marsden, Brian G.; Jupiter XIII, IAUC 2711 (24 October 1974)

59. Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2845 (3 October 1975)

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2855 (23 October 1975)

    Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellite of Jupiter, IAUC 2899 (9 January 1976)

60. Marsden, Brian G.; 1978 P 1, IAUC 3241 (7 July 1978)
61. Christy, J. W.; Harrington, R. S. (August 1978). "The satellite of Pluto". The Astronomical Journal. 83 (8): 1005–1008. Bibcode:1978AJ.....83.1005C. doi:10.1086/112284. ISSN   0004-6256.
62. Jewitt, D. C.; Danielson, G. E.; Synnott, S. P. (November 1979). "Discovery of a New Jupiter Satellite". Science. 206 (4421): 951. Bibcode:1979Sci...206..951J. doi:10.1126/science.206.4421.951. ISSN   0036-8075. PMID   17733911. S2CID   6391249.
63. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 3470 (28 April 1980)
64. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 3507 (26 August 1980)
65. Hamilton, Calvin J.; Discovery Image of Adrastea, Views of the Solar System (1995–2007)
66. Jovian System Data Analysis Program; Voyager 2 Jupiter Image 20630.53 Archived 13 August 2004 at the Wayback Machine , NASA Planetary Data System Rings Node (20 February 1997)
67. Marsden, Brian G.; Saturn, IAUC 3457 (6 March 1980)
68. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3483 (6 June 1980)
69. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3496 (31 July 1980)
70. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3534 (7 November 1980)
71. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3466 (April 10, 1980)
72. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 3532 (31 October 1980)
73. Marsden, Brian G.; 1980 S 28, IAUC 3539 (13 November 1980)
74. Marsden, Brian G.; 1981 N 1, IAUC 3608 (29 May 1981)
75. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus and Neptune, IAUC 4159 (9 January 1986)
76. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 4164 (16 January 1986)
77. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 4165 (17 January 1986)
78. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites and Rings of Uranus, IAUC 4168 (27 January 1986)
79. Marsden, Brian G.; 1989 N 1, IAUC 4806 (7 July 1989)
80. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 4824 (2 August 1989)
81. Marsden, Brian G.; Neptune, IAUC 4867 (29 September 1989)
82. Green, Daniel W. E.; Saturn, IAUC 5052 (16 July 1990)
83. Green, Daniel W. E.; Possible Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 6162 (14 April 1995)
84. Gordon, Mitchell K.; Murray, Carl D.; and Beurle, Kevin; Further Evidence for the Existence of Additional Small Satellites of Saturn Archived 2004-08-12 at the Wayback Machine , Icarus , Vol. 121, No. 1 (May 1996), pp. 114–125
85. Marsden, Brian G.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 6764 (31 October 1997)
86. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/1986 U 10, IAUC 7171 (18 May 1999)
87. Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 7230 (27 July 1999)
88. Marsden, Brian G.; Probable New Satellites of Uranus, IAUC 7248 (4 September 1999)
89. Marsden, Brian G.; S/1999 J 1, IAUC 7460 (20 July 2000)
90. New Outer Satellite of Jupiter Discovered, Joint press release, Minor Planet Center and the Spacewatch Project (2000?)
91. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 1 and S/2000 S 2, IAUC 7512 (25 October 2000)
92. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 1, S/2000 S 2, S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9, MPEC 2000-Y15 (19 December 2000)
93. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 3 and S/2000 S 4, IAUC 7513 (25 October 2000)
94. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 3, S/2000 S 4, S/2000 S 5, S/2000 S 6, S/2000 S 10, MPEC 2000-Y14 (19 December 2000)
95. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 5 and S/2000 S 6, IAUC 7521 (18 November 2000)
96. Marsden, Brian G.; S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, IAUC 7525 (25 November 2000)
97. S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, S/1999 J 1, MPEC 2000-Y16 (19 December 2000)
98. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 7, S/2000 S 8, S/2000 S 9, IAUC 7538 (7 December 2000)
99. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 10, IAUC 7539 (7 December 2000)
100. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2000 S 11, IAUC 7545 (19 December 2000)
101. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 11, MPEC 2000-Y13 (19 December 2000)
102. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 12, IAUC 7548 (23 December 2000)
103. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 S 12, MPEC 2000-Y33 (22 December 2000)
104. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 7555 (5 January 2001)
105. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 J 2, S/2000 J 3, S/2000 J 4, S/2000 J 5, S/2000 J 6, MPEC 2001-A28 (5 January 2001)
106. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2000 J 7, S/2000 J 8, S/2000 J 9, S/2000 J 10, S/2000 J 11, MPEC 2001-A29 (5 January 2001)
107. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 7900 (16 May 2002)
108. Marsden, Brian G.; Eleven New Satellites of Jupiter, MPEC 2002-J54 (15 May 2002)
109. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 1, IAUC 7980 (30 September 2002)
110. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2001 U 1, MPEC 2002-S64 (30 September 2002)
111. Marsden, Brian G. (7 October 2002). "MPEC 2002-T34 : 2002 LM60". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
112. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2002 J 1, IAUC 8035 (18 December 2002)
113. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 J 1, MPEC 2002-Y22 (18 December 2002)
114. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 8047 (13 January 2003)
115. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 N 1, 2002 N 2, 2002 N3, MPEC 2003-A75 (13 January 2003)
116. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 8087 (4 March 2003)
117. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 2, 2003 J 3, 2003 J 4, 2003 J 5, 2003 J 6, 2003 J 7, MPEC 2003-E11 (4 March 2003)
118. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 8, IAUC 8088 (6 March 2003)
119. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 8, MPEC 2003-E15 (6 March 2003)
120. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter, IAUC 8089 (7 March 2003)
121. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 9, 2003 J 10, 2003 J 11, 2003 J 12; S/2003 J 1, 2003 J 6, MPEC 2003-E29 (7 March 2003)
122. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn, IAUC 8116 (11 April 2003)
123. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 13, MPEC 2003-G09 (2 April 2003)
124. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 14, MPEC 2003-G10 (3 April 2003)
125. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 15, MPEC 2003-G17 (3 April 2003)
126. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 16, MPEC 2003-G18 (3 April 2003)
127. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 17, MPEC 2003-G19 (3 April 2003)
128. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 18, MPEC 2003-G20 (4 April 2003)
129. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 S 1, MPEC 2003-G39 (8 April 2003)
130. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 19 and S/2003 J 20, IAUC 8125 (30 April 2003)
131. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 19, MPEC 2003-G64 (12 April 2003)
132. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 20, MPEC 2003-G67 (14 April 2003)
133. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 21, IAUC 8138 (30 May 2003)
134. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 21, MPEC 2003-K45 (29 May 2003)
135. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Uranus, IAUC (3 September 2003)
136. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Neptune, IAUC 8193 (3 September 2003)
137. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 N 1, MPEC 2003-G64 (3 September 2003)
138. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 U 1 and S/2003 U 2, IAUC 8209 (25 September 2003)
139. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2001 U 2 and S/2002 N 4, IAUC 8213 (1 October 2003)
140. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2001 U 2, MPEC 2003-S105 (30 September 2003)
141. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2002 N 4, MPEC 2003-S107 (30 September 2003)
142. Marsden, B. G.; Holman, M.; Gladman, B.; Rousselot, P.; Mousis, O. (1 October 2003). "S/2001 U 3". International Astronomical Union Circular (8216): 2. Bibcode:2003IAUC.8216....2M. ISSN   0081-0304.
143. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 U 3, IAUC 8217 (9 October 2003)
144. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 U 3, MPEC 2003-T58 (9 October 2003)
145. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 22, IAUC (25 January 2004)
146. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 22, MPEC 2004-B41 (24 January 2004)
147. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2003 J 23, IAUC 8281 (4 February 2004)
148. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2003 J 23, MPEC 2004-B81 (31 January 2004)
149. "M.P.S. 98992" (PDF). IAU: Minor Planet Center. 22 February 2004. Retrieved 28 October 2021.
150. "MPEC 2004-E45 : 2003 VB12". IAU: Minor Planet Center. 15 March 2004. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
151. "Cassini Equinox Mission: Out from the Shadows: Two New Saturnian Moons". 26 April 2009. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
152. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2004 S 1 and S/2004 S 2, IAUC 8389 (16 August 2004)
153. Green, Daniel W. E. (9 September 2004). "S/2004 S 3, S/2004 S 4, and R/2004 S 1" (discovery). IAU Circular. 8401: 1. Bibcode:2004IAUC.8401....1P . Retrieved 1 January 2012.
154. "MPEC 2024-D114 : S/2002 N 5". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
155. Holman, M. J.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Grav, T.; et al. (2004). "Discovery of five irregular moons of Neptune" (PDF). Nature. 430 (7002): 865–867. Bibcode:2004Natur.430..865H. doi:10.1038/nature02832. PMID   15318214. S2CID   4412380 . Retrieved 24 October 2011.
156. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites and Rings of Saturn, IAUC 8432 (8 November 2004)
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158. Lakdawalla, Emily; Twelve New Moons for Saturn Archived 31 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine , The Planetary Society, Planetary News: Moon Discoveries (2005)

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159. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 S 1, IAUC 8524 (6 May 2005)
160. Pablo Santos-Sanz (26 September 2008). "La historia de Ataecina vs Haumea" (in Spanish). infoastro.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
161. Green, Daniel W. E. (29 July 2005). "IAUC 8577".
162. Brown, Michael E. (2006). "The discovery of 2003 UB₃₁₃ Eris, the largest known dwarf planet" . Retrieved 3 May 2007.
163. Brown, M. E.; et al. (2005). "Keck Observatory Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics Discovery and Characterization of a Satellite to the Large Kuiper Belt Object 2003 EL₆₁" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters. 632 (1): L45–L48. Bibcode:2005ApJ...632L..45B. doi:10.1086/497641. S2CID   119408563.
164. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 136472 Makemake (2005 FY₉)". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 5 April 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2008.
165. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 (2003 EL_61) 2, IAUC 8636 (1 December 2005)
166. Brown, Michael E. (2006). "Dysnomia, the moon of Eris" . Retrieved 1 September 2007.
167. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2005 P 1 and S/2005 P 2, IAUC 8625 (31 October 2005) (also as a pdf)
168. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2004 S 19, MPEC 2006-M44 (26 June 2006)
169. Green, Daniel W. E.; Satellites of Saturn, IAUC 8727 (30 June 2006)
170. Marsden, Brian G.; Eight New Satellites of Saturn, MPEC 2006-M45 (26 June 2006)
171. Green, Daniel W. E. (22 February 2007). "Satellites of 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637), and (90482)". IAU Circular. 8812 (8812). Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams: 1. Bibcode:2007IAUC.8812....1B. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011.
172. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2007 S 1, MPEC 2007-G38 (13 April 2007)
173. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2007 S 1, S/2007 S 2, and S/2007 S 3, IAUC 8836 (11 May 2007)
174. Marsden, Brian G.; S/2007 S 2, S/2007 S 3, MPEC 2007-J09 (1 May 2007)
175. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2007 S 4, IAUC 8857 (18 July 2007)
176. "MPEC 2009-A42 : 2007 OR10". Minor Planet Electronic Circular. Minor Planet Center. 7 January 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
177. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2008 S 1, IAUC 9023 (3 March 2009) Archived 1 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
178. Green, Daniel W. E.; S/2009 S 1, IAUC 9091 (2 November 2009) Archived 12 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
179. "MPEC 2011-L06 : S/2010 J 1 AND S/2010 J 2". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
180. "NEW SATELLITE OF (134340) PLUTO: S/2011 (134340) 1". 20 July 2011. CBET 2769. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020.
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183. Showalter, Mark. Hubble Press Release: Hubble Discovers a Fifth Moon Orbiting Pluto. 11 July 2012.
184. Kelly Beatty (15 July 2013). "Neptune's Newest Moon". Sky & Telescope. Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
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188. "MPEC 2017-L08 : S/2016 J 1". Minor Planet Center. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
189. "MPEC 2017-L47 : S/2017 J 1". Minor Planet Center. International astronomical Union. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
190. MPEC's 2018-O09 through 2018-O18
191. MPEC's 2019-T126 through 2019-T161
192. "MPEC 2021-V333 : S/2003 J 24". minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
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196. "MPEC 2023-A13 : S/2016 J 3". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
197. "MPEC 2023-A14 : S/2021 J 1". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. 5 January 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
198. MPEC's 2023-B37 through 2023-B40
199. "MPEC 2023-B41 : S/2021 J 5". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
200. "MPEC 2023-B51 : S/2018 J 4". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
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203. "MPEC 2023-D44 : S/2022 J 1". Minor Planet Electronic Circulars. Minor Planet Center. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
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External links

• City of Hudson's Natural Satellite Page
• Scott Sheppard's Giant Planet Satellite Page
• JPL Natural Satellite Discovery Data
• James L. Hilton, When did the asteroids become minor planets?