United States cities by crime rate (60,000–100,000)

Last updated

The following table is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics. [1] [2]

Contents

The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This list is based on the reporting agency. In most cases the city and the reporting agency are identical.

Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report. Consequently, some agencies do not report all the crimes. If components are missing the total is adjusted to "0."

Note about population

Data are voluntarily submitted by each jurisdiction and some jurisdictions do not appear in the table because they either did not submit data or they did not meet deadlines.

The FBI document on the UCR methodology has the following disclaimer on population estimates:

For population estimates, the FBI computed individual rates of growth from one year to the next for every city/town and county using the current decennial counts through the most recent population estimates available from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each agency’s rates of growth were averaged; that average was then applied and added to its most recent Census population estimate to derive the agency’s current year population estimate. Population totals for 2010 are from the U.S. Census Bureau’s decennial population counts. [1] [2]

2024 Calendar Year Ratios of Crime Per 100,000 Population

Rates are based on cases per 100,000 for all of calendar 2024. [1] [2]

StateCityPopul.Yearly Crime Rates per 100,000 people
TotalViolent crimeArson1Property crime
Murder and
Nonnegligent
manslaughter
RapeRobberyAggravated
assault
TotalBurglaryLarceny
theft
Motor
vehicle
theft
Total
Flag of Alabama.svg  Alabama Auburn 83,7561087.680.0019.109.5578.80107.451.1939.40871.5868.05979.03
Flag of Alabama.svg  Alabama Dothan 71,3183701.737.0168.7153.28783.81912.8123.84364.562268.71131.802765.08
Flag of Alabama.svg  Alabama Hoover 92,3521336.193.259.759.7555.2277.961.0875.801114.2267.131257.15
Flag of Alabama.svg  Alabama Madison 62,0871539.773.2228.9916.11162.67210.991.61106.301124.2396.641327.17
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona Avondale 94,9112619.305.2746.3638.98279.21369.828.43197.031770.08273.942241.05
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona Casa Grande 67,3171948.995.9444.5722.28337.21410.0010.40256.991023.52248.081528.59
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona Flagstaff 76,4332705.646.5470.6553.64332.32463.1510.47122.981970.35138.682232.02
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona Marana 60,5071470.903.318.266.6197.51115.694.9687.591203.1759.501350.26
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona Maricopa 75,6141093.712.656.615.29210.28224.830.0062.16748.5458.19868.89
Flag of Arizona.svg  Arizona Queen Creek 82,639949.910.0012.103.63104.07119.808.4756.87730.8933.88821.65
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas Bentonville 61,1091088.224.9137.643.27209.46255.284.9188.37688.9350.73828.03
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas Conway 71,4172575.022.8050.4135.01435.47523.684.20176.431753.08117.622047.13
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas Fort Smith 89,9774537.830.0090.0265.57686.84842.4411.11466.792904.08313.413684.27
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas Jonesboro 81,2563772.036.15103.3861.53548.88719.957.38929.161892.78222.753044.70
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas North Little Rock 64,4875509.6429.4640.32181.43928.871180.0817.06601.673189.79521.044312.50
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas Rogers 75,3071622.691.33102.2515.93221.76341.276.64135.451075.6063.741274.78
Flag of Arkansas.svg  Arkansas Springdale 91,6302414.064.37109.1320.74356.87491.112.18196.441572.63151.701920.77
Flag of California.svg  California Alameda 74,4585270.098.0621.49124.90162.51316.9638.95257.863377.741278.574914.18
Flag of California.svg  California Alhambra 78,8402681.381.2713.9595.13114.16224.516.34332.321844.24273.972450.53
Flag of California.svg  California Apple Valley 74,7642137.396.6933.4468.21407.95516.2918.73268.85945.64387.891602.38
Flag of California.svg  California Baldwin Park 67,7911835.058.8523.6079.66292.07404.181.48190.29930.80308.301429.39
Flag of California.svg  California Beaumont 60,2941230.640.0018.2436.49149.27204.008.29127.71792.7897.851018.34
Flag of California.svg  California Bellflower 73,8832799.026.7727.07159.71419.58613.1316.24346.491000.23822.922169.65
Flag of California.svg  California Brentwood 65,3522639.550.0030.6090.28120.88241.777.65220.351912.72257.072390.13
Flag of California.svg  California Buena Park 81,3342632.360.0029.5192.21127.87249.5919.67217.621726.22419.262363.10
Flag of California.svg  California Camarillo 69,1151319.541.4523.1515.9288.26128.770.00109.96976.63104.171190.77
Flag of California.svg  California Carson 89,7673368.7210.0326.74116.97266.24419.9817.82431.121692.16807.652930.92
Flag of California.svg  California Chino 93,8182521.903.2036.2456.49203.59299.5210.66219.571660.66331.492211.73
Flag of California.svg  California Chino Hills 76,8021115.860.0019.5326.0492.45138.022.60204.42684.8885.94975.24
Flag of California.svg  California Citrus Heights 85,8092608.123.5038.4695.56301.83439.3541.95369.431474.20283.192126.82
Flag of California.svg  California Compton 89,5644495.1120.1037.96350.59863.071271.7278.16387.431611.141146.673145.24
Flag of California.svg  California Daly City 98,2172116.741.0230.5495.71169.01296.2812.2295.711386.73325.811808.24
Flag of California.svg  California Davis 65,4832437.271.5329.0232.07123.70186.3139.70142.021924.16145.082211.26
Flag of California.svg  California Dublin 68,0992080.791.475.8751.4095.45154.198.81157.121560.96199.711917.80
Flag of California.svg  California Eastvale 70,6691824.000.007.0838.2148.1193.391.42148.581379.67200.941729.19
Flag of California.svg  California Encinitas 60,4611166.041.656.6236.39170.36215.019.92162.09656.62122.39941.10
Flag of California.svg  California Folsom 86,1521645.934.6429.0229.02120.72183.4010.45117.231259.4075.451452.08
Flag of California.svg  California Hanford 60,2081667.554.9838.2053.15386.99483.3231.56162.77764.02225.881152.67
Flag of California.svg  California Hawthorne 81,9413209.639.7637.83223.33456.43727.3517.09291.671385.14788.372465.19
Flag of California.svg  California Hemet 93,2122067.334.2935.4098.70286.44424.848.58169.511217.65246.751633.91
Flag of California.svg  California Laguna Niguel 62,3631035.870.0011.2227.2688.19126.684.81150.73654.2399.42904.38
Flag of California.svg  California La Habra 60,3352532.530.0048.0681.21233.70362.979.94193.921725.37240.322159.61
Flag of California.svg  California Lake Elsinore 73,8712030.572.7112.1866.3392.05173.284.06197.641444.41211.181853.23
Flag of California.svg  California Lake Forest 85,811983.560.003.5032.63109.54145.678.16107.21567.53154.99829.73
Flag of California.svg  California Lakewood 76,8183042.263.9115.62182.25251.24453.023.91295.501675.39614.442585.33
Flag of California.svg  California La Mesa 60,3521806.076.6313.2682.85313.16415.8911.60220.37896.41261.801378.58
Flag of California.svg  California Livermore 81,3162582.523.6933.2049.19148.80234.8922.14290.231650.35384.922325.50
Flag of California.svg  California Lynwood 62,0894155.338.0532.21344.67525.05909.9837.04373.661460.811373.833208.30
Flag of California.svg  California Madera 68,6071647.062.9248.1074.34268.19393.5575.79102.03800.21275.481177.72
Flag of California.svg  California Manteca 93,5381832.411.0742.7672.70230.92347.4516.04196.711034.87237.341468.92
Flag of California.svg  California Merced 96,0773653.327.29103.04166.53507.93784.7975.98569.341738.19485.032792.55
Flag of California.svg  California Milpitas 76,5233508.753.9243.1283.63182.95313.6311.76246.982539.11397.273183.36
Flag of California.svg  California Mission Viejo 89,6991289.870.004.4632.3362.4399.224.46108.14977.71100.341186.19
Flag of California.svg  California Mountain View 81,4613103.330.0046.6555.24205.01306.9023.32494.722046.38232.012773.11
Flag of California.svg  California Napa 76,8881705.085.2024.7145.52213.30288.7333.8285.841145.82150.871382.53
Flag of California.svg  California Newport Beach 81,8112125.632.4433.0046.45169.90251.801.22315.361409.35147.901872.61
Flag of California.svg  California Norwalk 96,6772341.822.0711.38146.88214.12374.449.31237.911147.12573.041958.07
Flag of California.svg  California Palo Alto 65,0793256.041.5438.4153.78118.32212.0510.76225.882622.97184.393033.24
Flag of California.svg  California Perris 81,2032172.333.6932.0289.90201.96327.579.85171.181378.03285.701834.91
Flag of California.svg  California Pittsburg 75,6212618.322.6437.03112.40308.12460.199.26321.341024.85802.692148.87
Flag of California.svg  California Pleasanton 73,0541795.931.378.2147.9157.49114.984.11209.431238.81228.601676.84
Flag of California.svg  California Porterville 62,8911876.260.0031.8069.96283.03384.799.54289.39841.14351.401481.93
Flag of California.svg  California Rancho Cordova 83,6222551.964.7839.4680.12301.36425.7314.35325.271462.53324.082111.88
Flag of California.svg  California Redding 92,4682398.676.4993.01102.74445.56647.795.41200.071295.58249.821745.47
Flag of California.svg  California Redlands 72,3312469.204.1548.3973.27172.82298.6319.36270.981540.14340.102151.22
Flag of California.svg  California Redondo Beach 66,5932844.141.5024.0396.11127.64249.289.01414.461886.08285.322585.86
Flag of California.svg  California Redwood City 80,0602119.662.5053.71137.40278.54472.1527.48118.661246.57254.811620.03
Flag of California.svg  California Rocklin 74,0481087.131.3533.7617.56112.09164.7618.9171.58773.8258.07903.47
Flag of California.svg  California San Clemente 61,6921466.961.626.4842.14132.92183.1716.21136.16925.57205.861267.59
Flag of California.svg  California San Leandro 84,2004484.564.7519.00280.29244.66548.6913.06574.822134.201213.783922.80
Flag of California.svg  California San Marcos 93,974889.611.066.3831.92183.03222.407.45151.11400.11108.54659.76
Flag of California.svg  California San Mateo 99,9292130.515.0026.0274.05138.10243.174.0098.071578.12207.151883.34
Flag of California.svg  California San Ramon 84,4521204.230.0014.2122.5049.7386.444.74134.99828.87149.201113.06
Flag of California.svg  California Santa Barbara 85,7582469.740.0082.7974.63490.92648.3411.66170.251441.26198.231809.74
Flag of California.svg  California Santa Cruz 61,3463203.144.8942.38102.70462.95612.9274.98135.302221.82158.122515.24
Flag of California.svg  California Santa Monica 88,9485630.264.5071.95202.37499.17777.9861.83848.813382.88558.754790.44
Flag of California.svg  California South Gate 89,2234145.794.4829.14240.97251.06525.6521.29288.042335.72975.083598.85
Flag of California.svg  California South San Francisco 62,2291875.330.0022.5035.35242.65300.5016.07102.851107.20348.711558.76
Flag of California.svg  California Tracy 99,5191901.144.0237.1884.41175.85301.458.04153.741171.64266.281591.66
Flag of California.svg  California Tulare 71,6892441.1011.1664.1789.27407.31571.9126.50331.991191.26319.441842.68
Flag of California.svg  California Turlock 71,8862367.644.1748.69133.54289.35475.7515.30196.141368.83311.601876.58
Flag of California.svg  California Tustin 76,9852327.730.0011.6989.63110.41211.7311.69214.331710.72179.262104.31
Flag of California.svg  California Union City 63,9762668.193.1317.19120.36267.29407.9725.01292.301269.23673.692235.21
Flag of California.svg  California Upland 78,5842186.202.5534.36110.71222.69370.3022.91347.401184.72260.871792.99
Flag of California.svg  California Vista 98,2901187.302.039.1650.87254.35316.417.12124.12552.45187.20863.77
Flag of California.svg  California Walnut Creek 68,8083181.320.0024.7185.75170.04280.492.91389.492257.00251.422897.92
Flag of California.svg  California Westminster 88,0262950.263.4129.54113.60289.69436.2315.90364.661910.80222.662498.13
Flag of California.svg  California Whittier 83,1862877.896.0128.85143.05312.55490.4712.02341.401606.04427.962375.40
Flag of California.svg  California Woodland 61,1771703.258.1724.5260.48181.44274.619.81117.691051.05250.091418.83
Flag of California.svg  California Yorba Linda 65,469861.480.004.5818.3370.2693.173.05106.92574.3284.01765.25
Flag of California.svg  California Yuba City 68,2002104.115.8773.3174.78269.79423.7521.99168.621236.07253.671658.36
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Broomfield 78,2942010.371.2831.9320.4494.52148.166.39204.361411.35240.121855.83
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Castle Rock 84,098976.240.008.325.9521.4035.672.3861.83833.5542.81938.19
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Commerce City 70,1703702.448.55102.61112.58567.19790.9439.90316.371715.83839.392871.60
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Grand Junction 70,6863773.024.2483.4748.10410.27546.0856.59321.142624.28224.943170.36
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Longmont 98,4463112.374.06119.8631.49313.88469.2924.38222.462084.39311.852618.69
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Loveland 80,3742347.773.7375.9029.86205.29314.7814.93167.961663.47186.632018.07
Flag of Colorado.svg  Colorado Parker 64,0881867.743.1239.0110.92156.04209.0910.92185.681324.74137.311647.73
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut Bristol 61,8951017.853.238.0825.8521.0058.161.6285.63563.86308.59958.07
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut Danbury 86,2571522.200.0030.1432.46199.40262.013.48202.88925.14128.691256.71
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut Fairfield 64,0981435.300.001.567.8014.0423.401.5656.161223.13131.051410.34
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut Greenwich 63,651876.660.004.714.710.009.430.0091.12642.57133.54867.23
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut New Britain 74,5282368.244.0345.6265.75305.93421.3221.47130.151308.23487.071925.45
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut Norwalk 92,9871589.470.0016.1316.1352.7084.960.00244.121098.00162.391504.51
Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut West Hartford 64,0932795.940.004.6843.6915.6063.970.00243.402248.30240.282731.97
Flag of Delaware.svg  Delaware Wilmington 71,9584288.6134.746.95254.32831.041127.052.78486.392001.17671.223158.79
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Apopka 60,5832754.901.6544.5761.07323.52430.816.60475.381597.81244.292317.48
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Boynton Beach 81,4732705.193.6836.8277.33299.49417.324.91203.751982.2596.962282.96
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Delray Beach 67,7803056.952.9539.8354.59324.58421.954.43172.622273.53184.422630.57
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Kissimmee 81,9672391.212.4463.4469.54356.24491.664.88262.301571.3661.001894.66
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 North Port 93,930875.120.0024.494.2664.9493.690.0051.10713.3017.03781.43
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Ocala 70,0463553.387.1448.5458.53385.46499.674.28274.112742.4832.843049.42
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Plantation 98,1002485.227.1412.2348.93141.69209.992.0494.801887.87290.522273.19
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Sanford 66,9002798.215.9840.3692.68403.59542.602.99261.581790.73200.302252.62
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 St. Cloud 68,966948.292.9018.8510.15156.60188.501.45131.95604.6521.75758.34
Flag of Florida.svg  Florida 3 Wellington 61,652927.793.2425.9511.3589.21129.763.2456.77637.45100.56794.78
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia Albany 66,1692442.2325.6958.9452.89686.12823.6510.58205.531236.23166.241608.00
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia Alpharetta 67,7881402.901.4822.1311.80213.90249.311.4875.231019.3557.531152.12
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia Johns Creek 81,056572.440.002.478.6424.6735.780.0048.11457.7130.84536.67
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia Marietta 63,3542113.529.4726.8339.46222.56298.324.74181.521415.85213.091810.46
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia Roswell 91,7891190.772.1819.6125.06113.30160.159.81103.50854.1363.191020.82
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg  Georgia Warner Robins 85,9003660.078.1532.6075.67549.48665.8913.97359.722378.35242.142980.21
Flag of Idaho.svg  Idaho Caldwell 71,1151435.701.4185.785.62359.98452.795.62147.65736.8392.81977.29
Flag of Idaho.svg  Idaho Idaho Falls 68,7161571.694.3771.3110.19270.68356.545.82308.52774.20126.611209.33
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Arlington Heights 73,545945.000.0013.6010.8825.8350.3114.96160.45643.1476.14879.73
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Bolingbrook 74,177969.301.3544.4917.53118.64182.008.09241.31436.79101.11779.22
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Champaign 89,4662788.775.5968.1891.65336.44501.877.82574.521472.07232.492279.08
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Cicero 79,7481592.525.0215.05121.63205.65347.3411.29420.07431.36382.451233.89
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Decatur 67,9343518.127.3645.6394.21454.85602.0548.58927.371532.37407.752867.49
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Evanston 74,1782891.690.0031.0155.2755.27141.558.09451.622054.52235.922742.05
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Palatine 63,9601011.571.5617.209.3839.0967.233.13211.07666.0464.10941.21
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Schaumburg 74,8822490.590.0028.0422.7040.0690.811.34173.612107.32117.522398.44
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Skokie 64,0472896.310.0029.6764.02110.86204.546.25715.101675.33295.102685.53
Flag of Illinois.svg  Illinois Waukegan 87,1552072.175.7488.3560.81290.29445.1812.62270.78819.23524.351614.37
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Bloomington 78,7623024.303.8160.9455.86166.32286.9419.04226.002325.99166.322718.32
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Greenwood 67,0861639.691.495.9619.3881.98108.821.4965.591320.69143.101529.38
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Hammond 75,6773822.8314.5442.2891.18593.31741.319.25231.252461.78379.243072.27
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Lafayette 71,3742650.837.01123.2944.83424.52599.668.41152.721642.05247.992042.76
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Muncie 65,0722862.984.6186.0635.35476.40602.413.07433.371441.48382.652257.50
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Noblesville 75,216622.210.0022.602.6658.5083.760.0029.25441.4067.80538.45
Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana Westfield 61,845685.580.009.704.8527.4942.040.0054.98556.2332.34643.54
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Ames 65,4261656.830.0070.317.6470.31148.263.06172.711244.1588.651505.52
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Ankeny 76,5471187.510.0040.506.53118.88165.910.0064.01872.6784.921021.59
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Council Bluffs 62,2692885.873.2172.2770.66274.61420.7612.85486.601634.84330.822452.26
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Davenport 99,9264141.068.01108.0865.05400.30581.4319.01653.482555.89331.253540.62
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Iowa City 75,9342000.420.0053.9950.04217.29321.335.27156.721389.36127.741673.82
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Sioux City 85,7113902.653.5084.0095.67372.18555.3523.33474.852555.10294.013323.96
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa Waterloo 66,3852946.454.5239.1734.65397.68476.0125.61585.981658.51200.352444.83
Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa West Des Moines 73,3351881.780.0021.8212.27130.91165.002.73114.541471.33128.181714.05
Flag of Kansas.svg  Kansas Lawrence 96,6362629.455.1774.5133.11348.73461.5311.38229.731762.28164.532156.55
Flag of Kansas.svg  Kansas Shawnee 70,0892050.250.0015.695.71255.39276.791.43219.721352.57199.751772.03
Flag of Kentucky.svg  Kentucky Bowling Green 77,5033162.461.2989.0346.4587.74224.519.03340.632322.49265.802928.92
Flag of Kentucky.svg  Kentucky Owensboro 60,0963284.741.6678.2144.93224.64349.4418.30337.792258.05321.152917.00
Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana Bossier City 62,7504605.5811.1676.4958.96766.53913.1512.75481.272807.97390.443679.68
Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana Kenner 62,3773182.269.6233.6730.46270.93344.684.81309.412244.42278.952832.77
Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana Lake Charles 77,9823082.7616.6752.5864.12479.60612.960.00612.961651.66205.182469.80
Flag of Maine.svg  Maine Portland 69,3102761.517.2141.8450.50167.36266.9215.87145.722177.18155.822478.72
Flag of Maryland.svg  Maryland Frederick 88,4282084.182.2655.4152.02296.29405.984.52244.271317.46111.961673.68
Flag of Maryland.svg  Maryland Gaithersburg 69,5901564.881.4428.7464.66158.07252.910.00150.881023.14137.951311.97
Flag of Maryland.svg  Maryland Rockville 67,2851674.960.0016.3544.5989.17150.111.49191.721144.39187.261523.37
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Brookline 64,122996.540.004.6815.6079.5499.811.5685.77784.4424.95895.17
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Fall River 95,5732150.193.1460.69100.45578.62742.8915.69231.24996.10164.271391.61
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Framingham 73,1231382.600.009.5727.35288.55325.482.74374.71568.90110.771054.39
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Haverhill 68,6021343.980.0010.2013.12387.74411.078.75116.61762.3745.19924.17
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Lawrence 89,6001439.737.8131.2552.46348.21439.731.1272.54851.5674.78998.88
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Malden 66,0461474.730.0015.1439.37237.71292.223.03121.13888.77169.581179.48
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Newton 89,935648.250.0010.011.1137.8148.920.0063.38501.4734.47599.32
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Plymouth 68,1951022.072.9322.0010.26287.41322.604.4063.05582.1549.86695.07
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Somerville 81,7661922.560.0015.9024.46181.00221.362.45289.851279.26129.641698.75
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Taunton 61,8741281.641.6219.3927.48399.20447.680.00116.37631.9385.66833.95
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Waltham 65,488962.011.5318.3222.90209.20251.9510.69125.21519.1854.97699.36
Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts Weymouth 60,8021042.730.0021.3819.74182.56223.680.0093.75638.1487.17819.05
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Battle Creek 61,1633678.698.17111.1855.59946.651121.5934.33510.111716.72295.932522.77
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Canton Township 97,8441226.443.0723.515.11141.04172.722.0459.28907.5784.831051.67
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Clinton Township 99,0561761.634.0460.5720.19235.22320.0212.11120.131053.95255.411429.49
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Dearborn Heights 60,1481707.451.6621.6148.21387.38458.879.98167.92758.13312.561238.61
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Farmington Hills 82,116884.121.2219.4812.18165.62198.504.8786.46482.24112.04680.74
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Flint 79,1832590.2025.2659.3660.621112.611257.8520.21277.84732.48301.831312.15
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Kalamazoo 73,0024784.8013.70147.94165.75956.141283.5353.42620.532313.64513.683447.85
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Livonia 91,1891496.890.0021.9315.35190.81228.106.5882.251011.09168.881262.21
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Novi 66,366754.901.5112.054.5281.3799.450.0042.19534.9178.35655.46
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Pontiac 61,6442636.1021.0947.0463.27853.29984.699.73321.20996.04324.441641.68
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Rochester Hills 75,960625.331.326.580.0084.2592.151.3251.34421.2759.24531.86
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Shelby Township 79,985703.880.0035.016.25118.77160.031.2545.01411.3386.27542.60
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Southfield 75,4542924.961.3359.6439.76392.29493.0211.93405.551467.12547.352420.02
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Taylor 60,6022864.594.9549.5075.91707.90838.269.90297.021371.24348.172016.44
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Troy 87,4221394.390.0025.1718.3072.06115.532.2982.361084.40109.811276.57
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Waterford Township 69,0661111.981.4531.858.69237.45279.442.90183.88496.63149.13829.64
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan West Bloomfield Township 64,892608.700.007.719.2564.7281.671.5438.53445.3641.61525.49
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Westland 81,7271818.253.6755.0636.71353.62449.0613.46197.00927.48231.261355.73
Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan Wyoming 77,6842623.453.8678.5247.63341.13471.147.72274.191643.84226.562144.59
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Blaine 74,9131505.752.6716.0213.3557.4089.445.34129.481212.0769.411410.97
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Bloomington 86,5983791.081.1555.4341.57213.63311.7915.01219.403022.01222.873464.28
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Brooklyn Park 80,6652780.644.9647.1175.62163.64291.3311.16261.581833.51383.072478.15
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Burnsville 64,8602101.457.7144.7116.96140.30209.683.08101.761662.04124.881888.68
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Coon Rapids 63,3081862.326.3245.8126.85132.68211.6611.06189.551307.89142.161639.60
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Duluth 88,0033198.757.9546.5937.50127.27219.3125.00274.992555.59123.862954.44
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Eagan 66,9561872.870.0025.395.9771.69103.050.00155.331538.3276.171769.82
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Eden Prairie 61,5111355.861.6329.268.1334.1473.163.2569.911165.6543.891279.45
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Lakeville 78,436648.942.5529.321.2743.3576.501.2753.55481.9235.70571.17
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Maple Grove 71,6221882.100.0023.7416.7572.60113.095.58143.811583.3136.301763.42
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Plymouth 76,5771077.350.003.9213.0633.9550.932.61134.51830.5458.761023.81
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota St. Cloud 71,4923344.430.0085.3250.36272.76408.4420.98248.982500.98165.052915.01
Flag of Minnesota.svg  Minnesota Woodbury 80,9401281.201.2418.539.8869.1998.842.47130.961027.9221.001179.89
Flag of Missouri.svg  Missouri Blue Springs 61,0962685.944.9149.1021.28160.40235.691.64171.861960.85315.902448.61
Flag of Missouri.svg  Missouri O'Fallon 94,911543.670.0017.911.0540.0459.005.2730.55413.0235.82479.40
Flag of Missouri.svg  Missouri St. Charles 72,1431024.354.1618.0218.0294.26134.462.7754.06702.77130.30887.13
Flag of Missouri.svg  Missouri St. Joseph 70,1394596.594.28178.2254.18491.88728.5517.11536.082774.49540.363850.92
Flag of Montana.svg  Montana Great Falls 60,4144025.560.0089.3846.35438.64574.3724.83397.262810.61218.493426.36
Flag of Montana.svg  Montana Missoula 78,9114252.892.53106.4545.62442.27596.8726.61323.153108.57197.693629.41
Flag of Nebraska.svg  Nebraska Bellevue 63,5101239.170.0072.4311.0215.7599.207.8797.62910.09124.391132.11
Flag of New Hampshire.svg  New Hampshire Nashua 90,9381428.450.0053.8814.3092.37160.556.6032.991141.4486.871261.30
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Brick Township 78,6851213.700.0020.337.63109.30137.263.81118.19935.3819.061072.63
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Camden County Police Department 72,4354472.9826.2378.69252.641022.991380.5552.46411.401623.521005.043039.97
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Cherry Hill Township 79,9503575.981.2513.7667.5491.31173.860.00140.093075.67186.373402.13
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Clifton 89,8702433.521.1110.0144.51110.16165.802.23306.001728.05231.452265.49
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey East Orange 71,1382445.957.0336.55115.27327.53486.387.03106.831237.03608.681952.54
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Franklin Township, Somerset County 69,9211209.941.4312.8718.5945.7778.660.00110.12919.61101.541131.28
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Gloucester Township 67,7861215.592.952.951.4860.4867.861.4866.39957.42122.441146.25
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Hamilton Township, Mercer County 93,4872536.181.0721.3940.65120.87183.984.28166.871988.51192.542347.92
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Irvington 60,9003024.638.2142.69244.66147.78443.350.00121.511400.661059.112581.28
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Jackson Township 62,326473.321.608.021.6028.8840.114.8143.32352.9832.09428.39
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Middletown Township 66,307699.781.516.037.5445.2460.330.0069.37547.4522.62639.45
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Old Bridge Township 70,143768.430.000.005.7062.7368.430.0041.34593.0765.58700.00
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Passaic 69,9382559.411.4317.16158.71541.91719.212.86163.001412.68261.661837.34
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Piscataway Township 62,342808.440.000.0016.0491.43107.471.6073.79540.5785.01699.37
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Trenton 91,2363334.2121.9258.09366.08579.811025.9119.73347.451448.99492.132288.57
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Union Township 62,2901727.406.421.6127.2954.5889.903.2193.111391.88149.301634.29
Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey Vineland 60,8483135.683.2926.3092.03315.54437.1513.15348.412258.0978.892685.38
Flag of New Mexico.svg  New Mexico Santa Fe 89,6526028.874.4664.6989.23683.75842.1530.12973.773380.85801.995156.61
Flag of New York.svg  New York Cheektowaga Town 78,8643428.692.5415.2245.65142.02205.423.80253.602568.98396.893219.47
Flag of New York.svg  New York Clarkstown Town 80,0871931.650.006.2416.2372.4294.908.7458.691730.6238.711828.01
Flag of New York.svg  New York Colonie Town 81,2263565.360.003.6924.6284.95113.267.39231.453134.4678.793444.71
Flag of New York.svg  New York Greece Town 93,9432042.730.008.5235.1397.93141.587.45178.831291.21423.661893.70
Flag of New York.svg  New York Mount Vernon 70,3902010.232.8425.57106.55409.15544.117.10137.801047.02274.191459.01
Flag of New York.svg  New York New Rochelle 84,9601242.940.002.3542.3789.45134.183.5325.891022.8356.501105.23
Flag of New York.svg  New York Schenectady 68,6103802.6510.2056.84100.57478.06645.6827.69400.822508.38220.083129.28
Flag of New York.svg  New York Utica 63,0983492.987.9238.0495.09386.70527.7515.85294.782508.80145.802949.38
Flag of New York.svg  New York White Plains 61,9231874.911.614.8417.7687.21111.433.2390.431622.9846.831760.25
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Asheville 95,2194722.8012.6086.12113.42583.92796.0631.51601.772956.34337.123895.23
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Burlington 60,9064080.066.5778.81114.93751.98952.2942.69517.192208.32359.573085.08
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Chapel Hill 63,9062693.021.5612.5245.38112.67172.136.26339.561988.86186.212514.63
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Gastonia 85,1124389.514.7037.60123.37683.80849.4725.85512.272587.18414.753514.19
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Greenville 90,8713381.729.9018.7153.92370.86453.3914.31271.812450.73191.482914.02
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Huntersville 65,7521513.261.5218.2519.77103.42142.966.08252.46953.58158.171364.22
Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina Kannapolis 60,7251958.019.8832.9423.05102.10167.974.94200.911366.82217.371785.10
Flag of North Dakota.svg  North Dakota Bismarck 75,5462684.461.3245.0160.89170.76277.986.62247.531922.01230.322399.86
Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio Canton 68,7254583.482.91132.41114.95871.591121.867.28777.012459.08218.263454.35
Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio Hamilton 62,8602391.033.1854.0942.95213.17313.3920.68334.081530.38192.492056.95
Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio Lorain 65,3742146.113.0630.5953.54494.08581.2713.77258.511151.83140.731551.08
Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio Parma 78,967834.530.0029.1310.1379.78119.045.0768.38548.3393.71710.42
Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio West Chester Township 63,3351728.901.5822.100.0072.6396.310.00129.471356.28146.841632.59
Flag of Oklahoma.svg  Oklahoma Edmond 99,2491524.452.0237.2810.08115.87165.243.02209.571095.2351.391356.18
Flag of Oklahoma.svg  Oklahoma Lawton 90,2093515.179.98143.0072.05595.28820.3242.12931.171490.98230.582652.73
Flag of Oklahoma.svg  Oklahoma Moore 63,6091708.881.5737.7314.15136.77190.226.29221.671124.05166.641512.36
Flag of Oregon.svg  Oregon Beaverton 96,7623046.651.0366.1464.07233.56364.8120.67351.382083.46226.332661.17
Flag of Oregon.svg  Oregon Corvallis 61,4742752.381.6337.4132.53112.24183.8256.93294.432122.8594.352511.63
Flag of Oregon.svg  Oregon Medford 84,7664361.423.5463.7089.66335.04491.9437.75290.213338.60202.913831.72
Flag of Oregon.svg  Oregon Springfield 60,8303130.031.6449.3227.95226.86305.7732.88272.892322.87195.632791.39
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Bensalem Township 62,8432985.221.594.7742.9644.5693.8814.3289.112491.92295.982877.01
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Bethlehem 79,1941583.452.5340.4127.78135.11205.828.8484.601150.34133.851368.79
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Erie 92,3792326.295.4141.1367.11261.96375.6321.65194.851645.4088.761929.01
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Lower Merion Township 64,2901869.653.111.5620.2246.6671.550.0073.111549.23175.771798.10
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Manheim Township 63,061769.100.004.769.5160.2674.533.1736.47639.0615.86691.39
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Reading 97,8681784.047.1534.74100.13195.16337.1912.26232.97973.76227.861434.59
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Scranton 75,6831643.709.2592.4931.71147.99281.4417.18192.911022.69129.491345.08
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg  Pennsylvania Upper Darby Township 84,6683047.204.727.09133.4668.50213.781.1864.962429.49337.792832.24
Flag of Rhode Island.svg  Rhode Island Cranston 83,8151158.501.1920.2815.5156.0893.0613.1282.32875.7494.261052.32
Flag of Rhode Island.svg  Rhode Island Pawtucket 76,4001825.923.9356.2856.28191.10307.596.54178.011091.62242.151511.78
Flag of Rhode Island.svg  Rhode Island Warwick 84,2971234.922.3717.799.4949.8279.488.30100.83962.0784.231147.13
Flag of South Carolina.svg  South Carolina Greenville 73,4054115.529.5429.9764.03540.84644.372.72303.792858.12306.523468.43
Flag of South Carolina.svg  South Carolina Mount Pleasant 96,6081303.200.0014.4921.7492.12128.353.1198.34999.9273.491171.75
Flag of South Carolina.svg  South Carolina Rock Hill 75,9752794.3411.8534.2239.49355.38440.935.26275.091807.17265.882348.14
Flag of South Dakota.svg  South Dakota Rapid City 80,9574514.746.18135.87103.76473.09718.903.71427.392986.77377.983792.14
Flag of Tennessee.svg  Tennessee Franklin 90,0771075.751.1113.326.66111.02132.111.1139.97829.2973.27942.53
Flag of Tennessee.svg  Tennessee Hendersonville 64,126840.533.123.121.56115.40123.193.1251.46614.4248.34714.22
Flag of Tennessee.svg  Tennessee Jackson 68,2864122.3724.9035.1599.58790.79950.4111.72448.122435.35276.783160.24
Flag of Tennessee.svg  Tennessee Johnson City 74,0932711.465.4075.5833.74287.48402.206.75203.801924.61174.112302.51
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Baytown 83,6393248.487.1776.5264.56291.73439.997.17389.771962.00449.552801.32
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Bryan 91,4501834.881.0951.3929.52302.90384.912.19162.931191.9192.951447.79
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Cedar Park 77,3511297.983.8837.4910.3443.9695.673.8871.101029.0898.251198.43
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Flower Mound 80,455640.110.0013.673.7339.7757.170.0043.50498.4241.02582.93
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Georgetown 89,4811362.300.0045.827.82137.46191.101.12225.75864.9979.351170.08
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Harlingen 71,3882993.501.4015.4140.62200.31257.7516.81344.602066.17308.182718.94
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Kyle 69,0691022.171.4534.7518.82143.33198.350.0092.66661.6669.50823.81
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Leander 87,7401062.230.0053.571.1414.8269.524.56147.03769.3271.80988.15
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Little Elm 62,837557.003.1836.6020.6973.21133.680.0042.97319.8860.47423.32
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Longview 83,7712691.8610.7464.4650.14213.68339.022.39315.141828.80206.522350.46
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Mansfield 80,5691474.512.4817.389.9363.3093.090.00110.461118.30152.661381.42
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Mission 87,7771338.624.5635.3215.95133.29189.121.14112.79978.6256.961148.36
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Missouri City 77,5711191.172.5834.8125.7878.64141.810.0097.97866.3085.081049.36
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas North Richland Hills 70,7802455.504.2439.5622.61156.82223.230.00237.361792.88202.032232.27
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Pflugerville 65,2431811.691.5352.1133.72107.29194.663.07125.681310.49177.801613.97
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Pharr 80,6041362.221.2449.6327.29143.91222.073.72169.97863.48102.971136.42
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Rowlett 69,1351460.910.0026.0415.91109.93151.884.34105.591077.60121.501304.69
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas San Angelo 98,9962709.204.0424.2420.20169.70218.195.05387.891966.75131.322485.96
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas San Marcos 72,7232619.530.0096.2637.13225.51358.902.75266.771600.59390.522257.88
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Temple 96,8622694.5611.3673.3037.17195.12316.9515.49364.441645.64352.052362.12
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Victoria 65,8932287.044.5556.1537.94264.06362.714.55294.421491.81133.551919.78
Flag of Texas.svg  Texas Wylie 62,210932.334.8220.9016.0724.1165.916.4364.30747.4748.22859.99
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah Herriman 61,387720.021.6332.581.6381.45117.294.8976.56459.3861.90597.85
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah Layton 84,0171480.651.1942.857.1478.56129.744.76122.591154.5369.031346.16
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah Lehi 95,189633.483.1538.874.2042.0288.254.2050.43437.0353.58541.03
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah Ogden 87,2582442.182.29110.0253.86339.22505.4011.46231.501490.98202.851925.32
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah Orem 94,5711534.301.0653.9326.4493.05174.470.00103.631162.0994.111359.82
Flag of Utah.svg  Utah South Jordan 86,846983.350.0032.2413.8269.09115.151.1563.33747.3056.42867.05
Flag of Virginia.svg  Virginia Lynchburg 80,3392099.8511.2052.2837.34256.41357.244.98209.111267.13261.391737.64
Flag of Virginia.svg  Virginia Portsmouth 97,1564615.2637.0536.02167.77511.55752.402.06424.062920.05516.693860.80
Flag of Virginia.svg  Virginia Roanoke 97,0274717.2411.3486.5792.76429.78620.4541.23387.523273.32394.744055.57
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Auburn 82,8384532.9412.0788.12137.62305.42543.2321.73529.952180.161257.883967.99
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Bellingham 95,7174115.262.0920.8977.31249.69349.998.36491.033113.34152.533756.91
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Federal Way 96,6314942.515.1751.74150.06338.40545.3724.84573.312655.461143.534372.30
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Kennewick 85,5533831.543.5151.4384.16227.93367.023.51354.172435.92670.933461.01
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Kirkland 90,6872075.271.1014.349.9235.2960.652.21222.741543.77245.902012.42
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Lakewood 61,8734289.436.4661.42130.91449.31648.1019.39510.722484.12627.093621.94
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Marysville 73,5732195.100.0059.8048.93125.05233.788.16221.551454.34277.281953.16
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Pasco 80,8382560.680.0027.2154.43265.96347.6117.32295.651457.24442.862195.75
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Redmond 82,7462883.520.0029.0037.4664.05130.5213.29342.012021.85375.852739.71
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Richland 64,7362201.251.5461.7932.44154.47250.2510.81233.261431.97274.961940.19
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Sammamish 64,358570.250.0012.431.5513.9827.973.1180.80394.6763.71539.17
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Shoreline 62,2342754.121.6138.5689.9881.95212.109.64486.871513.64531.862532.38
Flag of Washington.svg  Washington Yakima 96,6462604.3515.5237.2558.98432.51544.2515.52354.901411.34278.342044.58
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Appleton 74,3941551.202.6952.429.41137.11201.632.69153.241130.4763.181346.88
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Eau Claire 70,8912072.202.8256.429.8793.10162.224.23252.501553.09100.151905.74
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Janesville 66,2471991.034.5339.2516.6083.02143.406.04116.231651.4073.971841.59
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Kenosha 97,6521160.243.0746.0835.84200.71285.718.1990.12700.4575.78866.34
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Oshkosh 65,9941685.006.0634.8515.15175.77231.841.52153.041222.8475.761451.65
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Racine 76,2431500.475.2578.7061.65237.40382.995.25200.67722.69188.871112.23
Flag of Wisconsin.svg  Wisconsin Waukesha 70,202988.581.4228.497.1276.92113.960.0051.28767.7855.55874.62
Flag of Wyoming.svg  Wyoming Cheyenne 65,1433321.923.0790.5727.63207.24328.514.61392.982364.03231.802988.81

Notes:

1 The FBI does not publish arson data unless it receives data from either the agency or the state for all 12 months of the calendar year.
2 Because of changes in this agency's reporting practices, figures are not comparable to previous years' data.
3 Limited data for 2024 were available for Florida.

Criticism of ranking crime data

The FBI web site recommends against using its data for ranking because these rankings lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting cities and counties, along with their residents. [3] The FBI web site also recommends against using its data to judge how effective law enforcement agencies are, since there are many factors that influence crime rates other than law enforcement. [4]

In November 2007, the executive board of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) went further than the FBI itself, and approved a resolution opposing not only the use of the ratings to judge police departments, but also opposing any development of city crime rankings from FBI Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs) at all. The resolution opposed these rankings on the grounds that they "fail to account for the many conditions affecting crime rates" and "divert attention from the individual and community characteristics that elevate crime in all cities", though it did not provide sources or further elaborate on these claims. The resolution states the rankings "represent an irresponsible misuse of the data and do groundless harm to many communities" and "work against a key goal of our society, which is a better understanding of crime-related issues by both scientists and the public". [5]

The U.S. Conference of Mayors passed a similar statement, which also committed the Conference to working with the FBI and the U.S. Department of Justice "to educate reporters, elected officials, and citizens on what the (UCR) data means and doesn't mean." [5]

Criticism of comparing crime rates

Crime rates per capita might also be biased by population size depending on the crime type. [6] This misrepresentation occurs because rates per capita assume that crime increases at the same pace as the number of people in an area. [7] When this linear assumption does not hold, rates per capita still have population effects. In these nonlinear cases, per capita rates can inflate or deflate the representation of crime in cities, introducing an artifactual bias into rankings. Therefore, it is necessary to test for linearity before comparing crime rates of cities of different sizes. [6]

Other city crime rates

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Crime Data Explorer. City Agency (CIUS Table 8)". FBI . Retrieved 14 August 2025.
  2. 1 2 3 "Table 8 Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2024". FBI. Archived from the original on 14 August 2025.
  3. "Caution Against Ranking". FBI . Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  4. "A Word About UCR Data". FBI . Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  5. 1 2 Criminologists Condemn City crime rankings (November 16, 2008).PRNewswire. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  6. 1 2 Oliveira, M. (2021). "More crime in cities? On the scaling laws of crime and the inadequacy of per capita rankings—a cross-country study". Crime Science. 10: 27. arXiv: 2012.15368 . doi: 10.1186/s40163-021-00155-8 .
  7. Boivin, R. (2013). "On the use of crime rates". Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice. 55 (2): 263–277. doi:10.3138/cjccj.2012-E-06. S2CID   144956317.

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates public domain material from The Crime Data Explorer. Federal Bureau of Investigation . Retrieved August 14, 2025.