| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1096 by topic |
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Year 1096 ( MXCVI ) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
The 1090s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1090, and ended on December 31, 1099.
Year 1099 (MXCIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
The 1100s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1100, and ended on December 31, 1109.
The 1120s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1120, and ended on December 31, 1129.
The 1140s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1140, and ended on December 31, 1149.
Year 1147 (MCXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1221 (MCCXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1101 (MCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. It was the 2nd year of the 1100s decade, and the 1st year of the 12th century.
Year 1190 (MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1149 (MCXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1182 (MCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1102 (MCII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.
Year 1105 (MCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. While Jerusalem had been under Muslim rule for hundreds of years, by the 11th century the Seljuk takeover of the region threatened local Christian populations, pilgrimages from the West, and the Byzantine Empire itself. The earliest initiative for the First Crusade began in 1095 when Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos requested military support from the Council of Piacenza in the empire's conflict with the Seljuk-led Turks. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Clermont, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
Peter the Hermit, also known as Little Peter, Peter of Amiens or Peter of Achères, was a Roman Catholic priest of Amiens and a key figure during the military expedition from France to Jerusalem, known as the People's Crusade. Amongst Jews he is best remembered for the massacres of Jews that occurred under his leadership and the precedent they set for subsequent Crusades. He is by some called Blessed Peter the Hermit, although he has not been beatified in the Catholic Church.
Emicho was a count in the Rhineland in the late 11th century. He is also commonly referred to as Emicho of Leiningen or Emich of Flonheim, and not to be confused with Bishop Emicho of Leiningen. In 1096, he was the leader of the Rhineland massacres which were a series of mass murders of Jews that took place during the People's Crusade.
Kilij Arslan ibn Suleiman (1079–1107) was the Seljuq Sultan of Rum from 1092 until his death in 1107. He ruled the Sultanate during the time of the First Crusade and thus faced the earliest attacks from Christian forces. He also re-established the Sultanate of Rum after the death of Malik Shah I of the Seljuk Empire and defeated the Crusaders in three battles during the Crusade of 1101. Kilij Arslan was the first Muslim and Turkish commander to fight against the Crusaders, commanding his horse archers as a teenager.
The People's Crusade was the beginning phase of the First Crusade whose objective was to retake the Holy Land, and Jerusalem in particular, from Islamic rule. In 1095 the head of the Roman Catholic Church Pope Urban II started to urge faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem, the People's Crusade was conducted for roughly six months from April to October 1096. It is also known as the Peasants' Crusade, Paupers' Crusade or the Popular Crusade as it was executed by a mainly untrained peasant army prior to the main church-organized crusade. It was led primarily by Peter the Hermit with forces of Walter Sans Avoir. The peasant army of this crusade was destroyed by the forces of the Seljuk Turks under Kilij Arslan at the Battle of Civetot in northwestern Anatolia.
Crusades is a 1995 historical documentary series presented by Terry Jones. It looked at The Crusades and occasionally used elements of black comedy. Prominent historical figures are depicted by actors wearing masks and costumes, which give the appearance of living artistic images in the style of their original cultures. Emperor Alexios I, for example, appears as a Byzantine mosaic, and European and Muslim figures are brought to life by actors appearing in the style of medieval European and Near Eastern miniatures. At times, production is deliberately anachronistic such as the use of 1930s-style newsreels being shown by the Church to drum up mass support for the Crusades.
The following is an overview of the armies of First Crusade, including the armies of the European noblemen of the "Princes' Crusade", the Byzantine army, a number of Independent crusaders as well as the People's Crusade and the subsequent Crusade of 1101 and other European campaigns prior to the Second Crusade beginning in 1147.