1925 Tri-State tornado

Last updated • 5 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
  1. This is not "average forward speed", but the speed the tornado moved at through the town.

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maddox et al. 2013.
  2. US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "1925 Tornado". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2024-12-20.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Johns et al. 2013.
  4. 1 2 US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "1925 Tornado". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
  5. Johns 2012, pp. 7–9.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Mason 2011, p. 290.
  7. Grazulis, Tom (2013). "#1: The Tri-State Tornado". Descriptions of the Top Ten US Killer Tornadoes. The Tornado Project. Archived from the original on 2013-10-31. Retrieved 2014-03-25.
  8. The Perry County Sun, March 19, 1925, p. 3
  9. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 20, 1925, p. 3
  10. Partlow 2014, pp. 6–10.
  11. Grazulis 2001a, p.  195.
  12. Mason 2011, p. 262.
  13. Johns 2012, p. 1.
  14. Partlow 2014, pp. 17–18.
  15. Partlow 2014, pp. 30–31.
  16. "71. Photograph of a Murphysboro Building Destroyed by the Tri-State Tornado (1925)".
  17. Mason 2011, p. 264.
  18. Mason 2011, p. 103.
  19. Partlow 2014, pp. 60–61.
  20. "Flood Ravages Illinois Towns After Storm". 1925-03-21. Retrieved 2024-11-16.
  21. Mason 2011, p. 137.
  22. Mason 2011, p. 140.
  23. Mason 2011, p. 278.
  24. Johns 2012, p. 30.
  25. Partlow 2014, pp. 86–87.
  26. Mason 2011, p. 283.
  27. Mason 2011, p. 285.
  28. Mason 2011, p. 294.
  29. Mason 2011, p. 241.
  30. "NOAA/NWS 1925 Tri-State Tornado Web Site—Tornado Track". NWS Paducah, KY. Archived from the original on 2015-03-21. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  31. Partlow 2014, p. 24.
  32. Partlow 2014, pp. 42–44.
  33. Akin 2002, p. 99.
  34. Akin 2002, pp. 122–124.
  35. Johns 2012, pp. 20–21.
  36. Hottensen, Chris (March 22, 2015). "Survivors remember Tri-state Tornado 90 years later". The Southern Illinoisan. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
  37. Mason 2011, p. 258.
  38. "NOAA/NWS 1925 Tri-State Tornado Web Site—Startling Statistics". 1925 Tornado Paducah, KY. NWS. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2019-05-04.
  39. Brooks, Harold E.; C. A. Doswell (February 2001). "Normalized Damage from Major Tornadoes in the United States: 1890–1999". Weather Forecast. 16 (1): 168–176. Bibcode:2001WtFor..16..168B. doi: 10.1175/1520-0434(2001)016<0168:NDFMTI>2.0.CO;2 .
  40. 1 2 3 Grazulis 1993, p. 796.
  41. Grazulis 2001a, pp.  1945.
  42. Grazulis 2001a, p.  197.
  43. National Weather Service. "NOAA/NWS 1925 Tri-State Tornado Web Site--Photographs". Paducah, Kentucky: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 December 2024. Even though there are no known photographs of the actual storm itself…
  44. "Tri-State Tornado of 1925 was deadliest in U.S. history". The Washington Post . December 12, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2024.
  45. Atteberry, Todd (2021-04-23). "Searching for the scars of the Tri-State Tornado of 1925 in southern Illinois". Witchery Art: A Gothic Cabinet of Curiosities and Mysteries. Retrieved 2024-07-12.
  46. Blakemore, Erin. "The Deadliest Tornado in U.S. History Blindsided the Midwest in 1925". HISTORY. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  47. Kappell, Jeremy (18 March 2015). "The Great Tri-State Tornado". WDRB . Fox. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  48. "The 1925 Tri-State Tornado Photograph". Internet Archive. 18 March 1925. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  49. Doswell III & Burgess 1988.
  50. Grazulis 2001a, pp.  2001.

Sources

Further reading

1925 Tri-State tornado
"The Great Tri-State tornado"
Tri-State Tornado trackmap cropped.png
Tri-State Tornado JCHS15.jpg
Tri-State State Tornado Damage Longfellow School 2.jpg
Tri-State Tornado JCHS04.jpg
Illinois - Desoto - NARA - 23939847 (cropped).jpg
Clockwise from top: The track of the tornado, seen as a black line, through Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, damage to the Longfellow School in Murphysboro, an aerial view of ground scouring and tree debarking in DeSoto, the destroyed Reliance Mill in Murphysboro, a heavily damaged street and buildings in Murphysboro
Preceded by
None
Costliest U.S. tornadoes on Record
Tri-State (1925)
Succeeded by

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tri-State tornado outbreak</span> 1925 tornado outbreak in the U.S. states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana

On March 18, 1925, one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks in recorded history generated at least 12 significant tornadoes and spanned a large portion of the midwestern and southern United States. In all, at least 751 men, women and children were killed and more than 2,298 were injured, making the outbreak the deadliest tornado outbreak in U.S. history. The outbreak generated several destructive tornadoes in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana on the same day, as well as significant tornadoes in Alabama and Kansas. In addition to confirmed tornadoes, there were undoubtedly others with lesser impacts, the occurrences of which have been lost to history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak</span> Natural disaster in the US

The 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak was a historic severe weather event that affected the Midwestern and Southeastern United States on April 10–12, 1965. The tornado outbreak produced 55 confirmed tornadoes in one day and 16 hours. The worst part of the outbreak occurred during the afternoon hours of April 11 into the overnight hours going into April 12. The second-largest tornado outbreak on record at the time, this deadly series of tornadoes inflicted a swath of destruction from Cedar County, Iowa, to Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and a swath 450 miles long (724 km) from Kent County, Michigan, to Montgomery County, Indiana. The main part of the outbreak lasted 16 hours and 35 minutes and is among the most intense outbreaks, in terms of tornado strength, ever recorded, including at least four "double/twin funnel" tornadoes. In all, the outbreak killed 266 people, injured 3,662 others, and caused $1.217 billion in damage. In 2023, tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis created the outbreak intensity score (OIS) as a way to rank various tornado outbreaks. The 1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak received an OIS of 238, making it the fourth worst tornado outbreak in recorded history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornado outbreak</span> 1947 windstorm through the U.S. states of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas

From April 9–11, 1947, a significant tornado outbreak produced catastrophic effects over portions of the southern Great Plains, in the contiguous United States. The outbreak generated at least 12, and possibly 17 or more, tornadoes, many of which were significant. On Wednesday, April 9, a series of related tornadoes spawned by a single supercell, dubbed the Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes, swept through the U.S. states of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. Most of the damage and nearly all of the deaths are still blamed on one large tornado, known as the Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornado, that traveled 98 mi (158 km) from Texas to Oklahoma, beginning over the South Plains. This event, up to nearly 2 mi (3.2 km) in width, was often compared to the Tri-State tornado, because it was originally thought to have left a 198-to-221-mile-long path, was similarly large and intense for much of its path, and was also retroactively rated F5 on the modern-day Fujita scale, but it is now believed to have been part of a 125-to-170-mile-long family of nine or 10 tornadoes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado records</span> List of world records related to tornadoes

This article lists various tornado records. The most "extreme" tornado in recorded history was the Tri-State tornado, which spread through parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana on March 18, 1925. It is considered an F5 on the Fujita Scale, holds records for longest path length at 219 miles (352 km) and longest duration at about 3+12 hours. The 1974 Guin tornado had the highest forward speed ever recorded in a violent tornado, at 75 mph (121 km/h). The deadliest tornado in world history was the Daulatpur–Saturia tornado in Bangladesh on April 26, 1989, which killed approximately 1,300 people. In the history of Bangladesh, at least 19 tornadoes killed more than 100 people each, almost half of the total for the world. The most extensive tornado outbreak on record was the 2011 Super Outbreak, which resulted in 367 tornadoes and 324 tornadic fatalities, whereas the 1974 Super Outbreak was the most intense tornado outbreak on tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis's outbreak intensity score with 578, as opposed to the 2011 outbreak's 378.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak</span> Record-breaking tornado outbreak

The 1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak, referred to as the Barrie tornado outbreak in Canada, was a major tornado outbreak that occurred in Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, on May 31, 1985. In all 44 tornadoes were counted including 14 in Ontario, Canada. It is the largest and most intense tornado outbreak ever to hit this region, and the worst tornado outbreak in Pennsylvania history in terms of deaths and destruction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1953 Waco tornado outbreak</span> United States meteorological event

A deadly series of at least 33 tornadoes hit at least 10 different U.S. states on May 9–11, 1953. Tornadoes appeared daily from Minnesota in the north to Texas in the south. The strongest and deadliest tornado was a powerful F5 tornado that struck Waco, Texas on May 11, causing 114 of the 144 deaths in the outbreak. Alongside the 1902 Goliad tornado, it was the deadliest tornado in Texas history and is the 11th deadliest tornado in U.S. history. The tornado's winds demolished more than 600 houses, 1,000 other structures, and over 2,000 vehicles. 597 injuries occurred, and many survivors had to wait more than 14 hours for rescue. The destruction dispelled a myth that the geography of the region spared Waco from tornadoes, and along with other deadly tornadoes in 1953, the Waco disaster was a catalyst for advances in understanding the link between tornadoes and radar-detected hook echoes. It also generated support for improved civil defense systems, the formation of weather radar networks, and improved communications between stakeholders such as meteorologists, local officials, and the public.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak</span> Weather event in the United States

The 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak was the third notable US tornado outbreak to occur on Palm Sunday and the second to take place in the Southeastern United States. The outbreak produced 29 tornadoes from Texas to North Carolina, killing 40 people and injuring 491, and causing $140 million in damage. The deadliest storm of the outbreak, as well as in the US in 1994, was an F4 tornado that devastated Piedmont, Alabama. It struck the Goshen United Methodist Church right in the middle of the Palm Sunday service, collapsing the roof on the congregation and killing 20 people inside, including the Rev. Kelly Clem's 4-year-old daughter Hannah. Two other houses of worship were also destroyed mid-service. The supercell that formed this tornado tracked for 200 miles (322 km) to South Carolina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak</span> April 21, 1967 severe weather event

The 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak was a destructive tornado outbreak and severe weather event that occurred on April 21, 1967, across the central Midwest, in particular the towns of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois, United States. Locally known as 'Black Friday,' it was the largest tornado outbreak of 1967 and has been described by NWS Chicago as "Northern Illinois' worst tornado disaster". The outbreak produced numerous and significant (F2+) tornadoes, with ten of them in Illinois alone. Included was one of just six documented violent (F4/F5) tornadoes in the Chicago metropolitan area since the area was first settled.

On Thursday, March 27, 1890, a major tornado outbreak struck the Middle Mississippi Valley. To this day, this outbreak is still one of the deadliest tornado events in United States history. At least 24 significant tornadoes, several of which were generated by cyclic supercells, were recorded to have spawned from this system, and at least 187 people were killed by tornadoes that day, including a devastating F4 tornado that struck Downtown Louisville, Kentucky, killing at least 115 people and injuring at least 200 others. Five other violent tornadoes occurred elsewhere, including a long-tracked F4 tornado family that crossed two states, killing 21 people and injuring 200, and two other F4s that killed 14 altogether. A pair of F3s near the Tennessee–Kentucky state line may have killed a combined 37 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak</span> Windstorms in the Midwest and Southern United States

On March 28, 1920, a large outbreak of at least 37 tornadoes, 31 of which were significant, took place across the Midwestern and Southern United States. The tornadoes left at least 153 dead and at least 1,215 injured. Many communities and farmers alike were caught off-guard as the storms moved to the northeast at speeds that reached over 60 mph (97 km/h). Most of the fatalities occurred in Georgia (37), Ohio (28), and Indiana (21), while the other states had lesser totals. Little is known about many of the specific tornadoes that occurred, and the list below is only partial.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak</span> Tornado in the southern and central United States

The 1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak was a deadly tornado outbreak that struck the southern and central U.S Great Plains States on May 25–26, 1955. It produced at least 48 tornadoes across seven states including two F5 tornadoes in Blackwell, Oklahoma, and Udall, Kansas that caused most of the casualties. The outbreak killed 102 people while injuring hundreds more. Unusual electromagnetic activity was observed, including St. Elmo's fire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1966 Candlestick Park tornado outbreak</span> U.S. natural disaster

A series of at least four tornadoes hit the Southeastern United States during March 3-4, 1966. The worst event was a violent and long-lived F5 tornado, dubbed the Candlestick Park tornado after the name of a recently opened Jackson, Mississippi shopping center that was leveled by the storm. The storm would bring catastrophic damage in Mississippi and Alabama along a 202.5-mile (325.9 km) track. The outbreak killed 58, injured 521, and caused $75.552 million in damage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896</span> Extremely devastating windstorm in the United States

The tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896 was a series of violent and deadly tornado outbreaks that struck much of the Central and Southern United States from May 15 to 28, 1896. It is considered one of the worst tornado outbreak sequences on record with tornado expert Tom Grazulis stating that the week of May 24–28 was "perhaps the most violent single week of tornado activity in United States history". There were four particularly notable tornado outbreaks during the two-week period. It produced three F5 tornadoes as well as the third deadliest tornado ever in United States history. A total of at least 484 people were killed during the entire outbreak sequence by at least 38 different tornadoes which struck Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Kentucky, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland.

A deadly tornado outbreak affected much of the central and Southern United States from April 29 – May 1, 1909. Affecting particularly the Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys, it killed over 180 people, more than 90 of them in the U.S. state of Tennessee alone. The deadliest and longest-tracked tornado of the outbreak was a violent F4 tornado family that tracked across portions of northern Mississippi and western Tennessee on April 29, claiming at least 29 lives. Another deadly F4 tornado struck portions of southern Tennessee early the next day, killing 31. Other F4s in southern Missouri and southern Illinois on April 29 killed a combined 16 people. Deadly F3s in Georgia and Tennessee from April 30–May 1 killed a total of at least 53 people as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917</span> 1917 extreme weather event in US Southeast and Midwest

The tornado outbreak sequence of May 25–June 1, 1917 was an eight-day tornado event, known as a tornado outbreak sequence, that killed at least 383 people, mostly in the Midwestern and parts of the Southeastern United States. It was one of the most intense and longest continuous tornado outbreak sequence on record, with at least 66 tornadoes including 15 that were analyzed to have been violent (F4–F5) based upon reported damage. The deadliest tornado of the entire sequence produced a 155-mile (249 km) track across Illinois, killing 108 people and devastating the towns of Charleston and Mattoon along with small farming communities. Once believed to have traveled 293-mile (472 km) across Illinois and into Indiana, it is now assessed to have been a tornado family of four to eight separate tornadoes. This tornado outbreak is one of only 3 outbreaks or outbreak sequences to reach the classification of a Super Outbreak, with an Outbreak Intensity Score of 296.

On April 19–21, 1920, a multi-day severe weather event affected the Southeastern United States. The most intense portion of the outbreak occurred on the morning of April 20. At least seven tornadoes affected the American U.S. states of Mississippi, Alabama, and Tennessee, six of them rated violent F4s on the Fujita scale. The tornado outbreak killed at least 243 people.

On December 18–20, 1957, a significant tornado outbreak sequence affected the southern Midwest and the South of the contiguous United States. The outbreak sequence began on the afternoon of December 18, when a low-pressure area approached the southern portions of Missouri and Illinois. Supercells developed and proceeded eastward at horizontal speeds of 40 to 45 miles per hour, yielding what was considered the most severe tornado outbreak in Illinois on record so late in the calendar year. Total losses in the state were estimated to fall within the range of $8–$10 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes of 1973</span>

This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 1973, but mostly features events in the United States. According to tornado researcher Thomas P. Grazulis, documentation of tornadoes outside the United States was historically less exhaustive, owing to the lack of monitors in many nations and, in some cases, to internal political controls on public information. Most countries only recorded tornadoes that produced severe damage or loss of life. Consequently, available documentation in 1973 mainly covered the United States. On average, most recorded tornadoes, including the vast majority of significant—F2 or stronger—tornadoes, form in the U.S., although as many as 500 may take place internationally. Some locations, like Bangladesh, are as prone to violent tornadoes as the U.S., meaning F4 or greater events on the Fujita scale.

Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021 Late-season tornado outbreak in the U.S. Mississippi Valley

A deadly late-season tornado outbreak, the deadliest on record in December, produced catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across portions of the Southern United States and Ohio Valley from the evening of December 10 to the early morning of December 11, 2021. The event developed as a trough progressed eastward across the United States, interacting with an unseasonably moist and unstable environment across the Mississippi Valley. Tornado activity began in northeastern Arkansas, before progressing into Missouri, Illinois, Tennessee, and Kentucky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Tri-State tornado</span> 2021 EF4 tornado in Arkansas, Missouri, and Tennessee

Throughout the evening hours of December 10, 2021, a large and destructive tornado, sometimes referred to as the 2021 Tri-State tornado, the 2021 Leachville tornado, or the 2021 Monette tornado, struck areas in and around the cities and communities of Monette and Leachville in Arkansas, Braggadocio and Hayti in Missouri, and Tiptonville and Samburg in Tennessee, killing eight people and injuring 16 others. The tornado was the second strongest and third deadliest of the tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021. The tornado reached peak intensity twice, the first time east of Braggadocio and the second time in Tiptonville, leading the National Weather Service to assign a rating of low-end EF4 on the Enhanced Fujita scale, with maximum wind speeds estimated at 170 mph (270 km/h).