2025 Czech parliamentary election

Last updated

2025 Czech parliamentary election
Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
←  2021 3–4 October 2025
All 200 seats in the Chamber of Deputies
101 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Andrej Babis 2025 (cropped).jpg
Petr Fiala (2024) (cropped).jpg
Vit Rakusan 2023 Praha (cropped).jpg
Leader Andrej Babiš Petr Fiala Vít Rakušan
Party ANO ODS STAN
Alliance SPOLU
Last election27.1%, 72 seats27.8%, 71 seats15.6%, 33 seats [a]
 
Tomio Okamura portret (cropped).jpg
Zdenek Hrib (cropped).jpg
1719413916595 20240626 KONECNA Katerina CZ 008.jpg
Leader Tomio Okamura Zdeněk Hřib Kateřina Konečná
Party SPD Pirates Stačilo!
Last election9.6%, 20 seats15.6%, 4 seats [a] 8.3%, 0 seats [b]
Incumbent Prime Minister

Petr Fiala
ODS



Parliamentary elections are scheduled to be held in the Czech Republic on 3 and 4 October 2025. [1] All 200 members of the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Parliament, will be elected and the leader of the resultant government will become the Prime Minister.

Contents

Following the 2021 election, Spolu formed a coalition government with the Pirates and Mayors alliance, with Petr Fiala replacing Andrej Babiš as prime minister. ANO remained the largest opposition party, and Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) also held seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

The main issues in the election are expected to be the economy, inflation, foreign policy and defence spending. [2] [3] [4] [5]

The 2025 election marks the first time that mail-in voting is permitted for citizens living or stationed abroad. [6]

Electoral system

The Constitution of the Czech Republic stipulates that an election to the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of the Parliament, must be held every four years. The executive government is answerable to the Chamber of Deputies and remains in power only as long as it commands the confidence of the majority of its members. Article 19(1) of the Constitution states that any citizen of the Czech Republic over the age of 21 years old is eligible to serve as a Member of Parliament.

All 200 deputies are proportionally elected on open lists in 14 electoral regions, which follow the borders of the 13 Czech regions and the capital city of Prague. Seats are distributed to the regions based on the number of valid votes in each region.

Mandates are assigned using the largest remainder method, using the Imperiali quota in first round and Hagenbach-Bischoff quota in second round. In first round, mandates are divided between each region. Seats not assigned in the first round are then transferred to a national second round, where the sum of parties' remaining votes from all regions are used.

To be eligible for seats, a single party must earn at least 5% of the national vote, a coalition of two parties needs 7%, and a coalition of three or more parties requires 11%, unless only one group makes it into the Chamber. [7]

Postal voting

For first time in Czech history, citizens living abroad will be able to vote via mail-in voting, following an amendment to the electoral law in 2024. [8] Several media sources, including Seznam Zprávy and e15, noted that the number of citizens registered for postal voting was far lower than the original estimates from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [9] [10]

Non-coalitions

Before the election, three candidate lists (the Stačilo! alliance; the joint list of the Pirates and Greens; and the joint list of SPD, Tricolour, PRO and Svobodní) were accused of creating "non-coalitions", as they registered as single party lists rather than coalitions in order to pass a lower electoral threshold. This practice was criticised by some other parties, [11] political analysts from Seznam Zprávy [12] and Reflex, [13] [14] and academics from the Charles University, [15] who suggested that these "non-coalitions" were circumventing the electoral law.

Background

2021 election

Composition of the Chamber of Deputies [16] [17]
Czech Chamber of Deputies.svg
PartySeats+/– (vs 2017)
ANO 72–6
Civic Democratic Party 34+9
Mayors and Independents 33+27
KDU-ČSL 23+13
Freedom and Direct Democracy 20–2
TOP 09 14+7
Czech Pirate Party 4–18

The 2021 parliamentary elections saw the conservative alliance Spolu (consisting of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), KDU-ČSL and TOP 09) finish first with 27.8% of the vote. ANO finished second and liberal alliance Pirates and Mayors third. Freedom and Direct Democracy was the only other party to win seats. Spolu formed a government with Pirates and Mayors with ODS leader Petr Fiala as Prime Minister. [18]

Soon after the 2021 elections, the leader of the Mayors and Independents, Vít Rakušan, said that his party would run in the next elections as a single party rather than continue their alliance with the Pirate Party. According to internal Pirate Party analysis, the Mayors violated their joint agreement by asking their voters to give their candidates preference votes on the joint list, which resulted in just four Pirate MPs being elected. [19]

2024 European Parliament election

The 2024 European Parliament election saw losses for the ruling parties, as the Czech Pirate Party lost two of its three seats, and both the Civic Democrats and KDU-ČSL lost one MEP each. TOP 09 retained both its mandates and Mayors and Independents gained one, resulting in a net loss of three seats for the ruling coalition. [20]

Among the parliamentary opposition, ANO gained one mandate compared to the previous election, and SPD lost one, just passing the parliamentary threshold. Most of the gains went to populist extra-parliamentary parties, with two MEPs each won by Stačilo! and the right-wing populist Přísaha and Motorists, whose leader Filip Turek had faced neo-nazism allegations just days before the election. The election also saw the worst result ever for Social Democracy, which won just 1.8% of the vote, far below the threshold. [20] [21]

2024 regional and Senate elections

The 2024 Czech regional elections saw a near-total wipeout for the Pirate Party, the smallest party in the government coalition, which surpassed the threshold in just one out of 13 contested regions and lost all but four councillors nationwide. This led to the resignation of the party leadership and the party's departure from the Fiala cabinet. [22]

The election was also successful for the Stačilo! coalition, which entered 12 out of 13 regional assemblies, winning 40 councillors. [23]

Pirate Party departure from the Fiala Government

Following the underwhelming results in the regional elections, several regional branches of the Pirate Party called for the resignation of the national leadership, led by Ivan Bartoš, who said that he would respect the results of an internal referendum on that matter. However, there were few calls to leave the Fiala Cabinet. [24]

A few days later, Prime Minister Petr Fiala announced that he would propose the dismissal of Bartoš as Minister of Regional Development and Deputy Prime Minister for Digitalisation, due to Bartoš's failure to roll out the digitalisation of construction permits. Fiala asked the Pirate Party to propose a new candidate for Minister of Regional Development. [25] This decision came as a surprise to Bartoš and the Pirate Party leadership. Bartoš stated that he had a meeting with Fiala earlier that day, where his dismissal had not been mentioned, and that he learned about his dismissal through a telephone call. The rest of the Pirate Party leadership expressed anger at not having been consulted first, as required by the coalition agreement. [26]

Fiala latter confirmed that he had announced his decision to Bartoš through a call. He said he hoped the Pirates would remain in the government, and that he had not broken the coalition agreement, as the whole Pirate's leadership resigned and remained as caretaker leadership until new leadership elections could be held. [27]

Pirate members then called for an internal referendum on leaving the government, which was supported by an overwhelming majority of members. [28] The remaining Pirate ministers subsequently submitted their resignations. [29] However, Fiala did not accept the resignation of Foreign Minister Jan Lipavský, who was asked to finish his term as an independent, as a joint nominee of all four remaining coalition parties. [30]

Bitcoin scandal

The 2025 Czech government Bitcoin scandal, which arose after it became public that the Ministry of Justice had accepted a large Bitcoin donation from criminal Tomáš Jiřikovský  [ cs ], became a topic of the election campaign. [31] [32] The controversy led to the resignation of Justice Minister Pavel Blažek, who approved the donation without verifying its origin, sparking allegations of potential money laundering. [33]

Campaign

Pre-campaign period and cooperation agreements

On 8 February 2023, Babiš announced he would limit his role within ANO. He would remain as an MP and the leader of the party, while Karel Havlíček and Alena Schillerová would become the primary faces of the party, with Havlíček becoming leader of the shadow cabinet. [34] [35] Babiš described Havlíček as a future prime minister of the Czech Republic. [36]

On 21 March 2025, SPD, Svobodní, Tricolour and PRO signed a memorandum agreeing to cooperate in the 2025 parliamentary election on the SPD candidate list. [37] In July, PRO threatened to leave the joint list, citing insufficient representation of its candidates on the electoral lists, and floated the idea of joining Stačilo! instead. [38] They later decided to remain on the SPD list. [39] It was subsequently confirmed that each of the smaller parties had only two candidates across all the regional lists (albeit all in the top three candidates in their respective regions), with the rest of the places taken by SPD candidates. Svobodní voiced their disappointment at this arrangement, claiming that "there was not enough time to put together fairer lists", but that "the basic goals are met". [40]

Stačilo! announced its regional leaders in March 2025 at a press conference in Ostrava. The nationwide leader was designated as MEP and KSČM leader Kateřina Konečná, who stated that she would resign her seat in the European Parliament if elected to the Chamber of Deputies. In the Central Bohemian Region, the list will be led by former MEP Jana Bobošíková, in the South Moravian Region by blogger Daniel Sterzik, in the Pardubice Region by Roman Roun, and in the Liberec Region by former Communist Party MP Stanislav Mackovík  [ cs ]. [41]

On 23 June, the Pirates and the Greens announced that 30 Green candidates would be included on Pirate Party candidate lists in eight regions, with the Greens' co-leader Gabriela Svárovská  [ cs ] running in Prague.

On 17 July 2025, Stačilo! and SOCDEM reached an agreement which would see the Social Democrats endorsing the coalition's manifesto and their candidates running on the Stačilo! list. Jana Maláčová will lead the list in Prague, Jiří Nedvěd in the Karlovy Vary Region, and Lubomír Zaorálek will take the second spot on the list in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Under the agreement, SOCDEM will be represented by two candidates on each regional list. [42] This decision triggered a backlash from SOCDEM figures and members, with a substantial drop in membership reportedly linked to the agreement. [43]

Lawsuits against 'non-coalitions'

Volt argued that SPD and Stačilo!'s 'non-coalitions' circumvented the higher threshold in place for coalitions, and prepared to file a lawsuit. [44] They later confirmed that they would bring 28 lawsuits in total, challenging each regional list separately. Volt co-leader Adam Hanka  [ cs ] also stated that the party was prepared to bring the case to the Czech Constitutional Court. [45] By 27 August, 3 regional courts had thrown out the case as a final ruling, saying that the 'non-coalitions' were legitimate. [46]

In response, Přísaha filed a similar lawsuit against the Pirates' candidate list in the Ústí nad Labem region on 20 August, [47] related to the inclusion of Green Party members. [48]

The last lawsuit was resolved on 3 September, when the Brno Regional Court  [ cs ] ruled that Stačilo's "circumvention of law is clearly visible and has reached heaven-appealing levels" and that "all requirements needed for a denial of registration were met". However, it chose to register the party list, saying that "courts should very seldomly influence the electoral process" and stated that lawmakers should clarify the law. [49] Volt said they would appeal the case to the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, which will rule on the case after the election, during the result certification process. [50]

In the end, all lawsuits were rejected, and all originally submitted lists were approved. The unprecedentedly high number of lawsuits led to a delayed start of printing of the voting lists, which was originally scheduled to start on 22 August, but only started on 3 September, the latest feasible date. [51] [52]

Possible coalitions

In August, all parties of the original Fiala cabinet (SPOLU, STAN and the Pirates) declared that they were not willing to work with ANO in any future government, and also rejected cooperation with Stačilo! or SPD. [53] [54] Commentators said that it would be possible to reform the SPOLU-STAN-Pirates government if the parties won enough seats to do so. They also noted that the Pirates would have a bigger influence in this scenario, as they would have won more seats by passing the electoral threshold running as a single party. [55]

By the same token, the two parliamentary opposition parties (ANO+SPD) ruled out working with any of the parties in the existing government, while ANO's leader was seen as the most likely Prime Minister after the elections. [56] [57]

However, commentators suggested that any ANO-led government would be hard to form and maintain, as Babiš would be forced to cooperate with parties on either the far-right or the far-left. In the case of a strong result for both Stačilo! and SPD, Babiš would be forced to form a government consisting of eight parties, the most in Czech history (surpassing the record set by the outgoing government, which originally consisted of five parties). [58] [59] Czech Radio reported that Babiš was fearful of "lost votes", that would go to parties finishing below the electoral threshold. In 2021, there was over a million such votes, over a fifth of the total votes cast. [60] It was reported that Babiš had pushed for electoral cooperation with Stačilo! and Social Democracy, and a recreation of the Přísaha and Motorists coalition. A one-party government was seen as the preferred option for ANO after the election, but it was considered unlikely that the party would win a majority on its own. [61] The Motorists were perceived as the most preferred coalition partner for Babiš, [61] although according to opinion polls it was uncertain whether they would pass the 5% threshold. It was also suggested that the most likely outcome of the election would be a single-party ANO minority government, supported by either SPD, Stačilo!, or both. [62] [53] [63] [64] Some contributors for Foreign Affairs and Seznam Zprávy also warned of the possibility of far-right parties being included in the next government. [65] [66]

President Pavel's opposition to anti-NATO/EU ministers

In May, President Petr Pavel said that he may refuse to appoint ministers who support the Czech Republic's withdrawal from NATO or the European Union. [67] [68] In June, he repeated this position, stating that if Stačilo! were in a position to set the country's foreign policy, he would consider this a "direct threat for this country", and that he would not appoint Stačilo! nominees to any ministry with responsibility for "security or foreign policy". He also confirmed that the same would apply to any SPD candidates. [69] [70] [71]

Project Karel

In July 2025, ANO parliamentarian Pavel Růžička  [ cs ] released alleged leaked sections of documents from the Czech Armed Forces, which he claimed showed evidence of the government using the army to spy on politicians. The documents had initially been cited by pro-Russian media organisations. [72] [73] The military exercise, termed 'Project Karel', [74] was an effort in 2024 by the Czech army to train their skills at identifying Russian election manipulation, following warnings that Russia would attempt to influence the country's parliamentary elections. [73] [74] The exercise involved collecting data from social networks about politicians, for which some soldiers expressed concerns. [74]

Following Růžička's posts, the army investigated the leak, concluding that it came from the Ministry of Defence, [72] however Růžička refused to comment about where he got his information from. [73]

The army denied any illegal surveillance of opposition politicians, [73] and an investigation by the media organisation Seznam Zprávy suggested that the leaked documents were 'distorted' and 'out of context'. [73] However, Růžička claimed that the soldiers had approaced him concerned about the legality of the project's actions, and he claimed to have evidence that the army was operating in a legal 'grey zone'. [75] Army representatives filed a criminal complaint against Růžička, and Růžička himself also filed a criminal complaint. [76]

September assault on Andrej Babiš

On 1 September, at a pre-election rally in the village of Dobrá, [77] an elderly man struck Andrej Babiš on the head and the back with a crutch. The police apprehended the perpetrator at the scene, [78] and investigated the attack as an act of hooliganism. [79]

Babiš was taken to hospital, [80] but was discharged and stated on social media that he would likely be fine. [81] In another statement on social media the day after the attack, Babiš said he was awaiting further medical examinations. [82] Following the incident, Babiš cancelled the following day's election rallies. [78]

Babiš's electoral opponents condemned the attack, including SPOLU leader and PM Fiala. [83]

Campaign incidents

In August 2025, media outlets published an audio recording from 2023 in which Margita Balaštíková  [ cs ], a member of parliament and candidate for ANO, expressed intent to hire someone to kill her ex-husband's new partner's dog and damage her ex-husband's business. [84] Balaštíková was removed from the list of candidates. [85]

Pavel Jajtner, a physician from Znojmo, was a candidate ranked 13th on SPOLU's candidate list. Investigative journalists discovered that he had failed to provide adequate care for newborns during a night shift at Znojmo Hospital  [ cs ] in January 2022. [86] A confidentiality agreement was reached among regional representatives and family members. Marek Výborný, the leader of KDU-ČSL, for which Jajtner was running, stated that he would investigate the matter on the same day. The following day, Jajtner withdrew from the candidate list. [87]

Nemocnice Znojmo was also the subject of another incident. ODS politician Veronika Kachlíková, with the backing of senior ODS figures (including Pavel Blažek and Karel Podzimek), acquired a former hospital dormitory in Znojmo that was sold for 38 million CZK, significantly surpassing its estimated value of 15 million CZK. Soon after the sale, local politicians changed the zoning regulations, allowing Kachlíková's company to convert the building into residential apartments, which have since been sold for around 150 million CZK. [88] The acquisition process raised questions about political favoritism and potential conflicts of interest, especially concerning the involvement of regional ODS leaders who lobbied for the project. Kachlíková denied any wrongdoing, distancing herself from political discussions surrounding the sale and subsequent zoning changes. Karel Podzimek resigned from the candidate list for the SPOLU coalition in the South Moravian region after the allegations emerged of his involvement in the redevelopment. [89]

Public concerns about electoral fraud

In May 2025, the media reported that the Czech public were concerned about electoral fraud on the part of Petr Fiala's cabinet, according to the STEM agency. [90] In September 2025, another survey found that four out of ten Czechs feared election fraud. According to an analyst at NMS, the topic of stolen elections has appeared in the public sphere. [91]

Endorsements

Stačilo!

Individuals

Parties

28 lists were submitted to take part in the elections before the 29 July deadline, [93] of which one was a coalition list (SPOLU) and 27 were party lists (including unofficial joint electoral lists). [94] [95] The respective regional courts had time to register or reject these lists until 15 August. [96] 25 party lists and one coalition list were registered at the end of this process, as the Democratic Party of Greens and 'Yes, Better Czechia with Aliens' both withdrew their candidate lists. [97] [98]

Deník N noted that the number of candidates was the lowest since 1998, due to the numerous electoral alliances. The share of women on the lists was 31.3%, a slight drop from 2021. Pirates had the largest number of female candidates, while Motorists for Themselves had the least. The average age of candidates was 49.2 years, the highest in the history of the Czech Republic. The youth-oriented Generation Movement had the youngest list, while the Right Bloc's candidates had the highest average age. [99]

Parliamentary parties

NameIdeologyPolitical positionLeader2021 resultSeats at

dissolution

%Seats
ANO ANO 2011 Right-wing populism Right-wing Andrej Babiš 27.1%
72 / 200
71 / 200
SPOLU ODS Civic Democratic Party
Občanská demokratická strana		 Conservatism Centre-right to right-wing Petr Fiala 27.8%
34 / 200
35 / 200
KDU-ČSL KDU-ČSL Christian democracy Centre to centre-right Marian Jurečka
23 / 200
22 / 200
TOP 09 TOP 09 Liberal conservatism Centre-right Markéta Pekarová Adamová [c]
14 / 200
14 / 200
SPD Freedom and Direct Democracy [d]
Svoboda a přímá demokracie		 Nationalism
Right-wing populism 		Far-right Tomio Okamura 9.6%
20 / 200
19 / 200
STAN Mayors and Independents [e]
Starostové a nezávislí		 Liberalism Centre to centre-right Vít Rakušan 15.6%
33 / 200
33 / 200
Pirates Czech Pirate Party [f]
Česká pirátská strana		 Pirate politics
Liberalism 		Centre to centre-left Zdeněk Hřib
4 / 200
4 / 200
IndIndependents Ivo Vondrák [g] , Jiří Kobza [h] [i]
2 / 200

Extra-parliamentary parties

NameIdeologyPolitical positionLeader2021 result
AUTO Motorists for Themselves [j]
Motoristé sobě		 Right-wing populism Right-wing to far-right Filip Turek new party
Přísaha Přísaha Civic Movement [k]
Přísaha občanské hnutí		 Right-wing populism Right-wing Robert Šlachta 4.7%
Stačilo! Stačilo! [l] Left-wing nationalism
Populism 		Left-wing to far-left Kateřina Konečná 8.3% [b]
ČSSD Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy [m]
Česká suverenita sociální demokracie		 Left-wing nationalism Left-wing Jiří Paroubek 1.3%
SD Swiss Democracy [n]
Švýcarská demokracie		 Direct democracy
Social conservatism 		Right-wing N/A0.3%
KČ Czech Crown [o]
Koruna Česká		 Monarchism Centre-right to right-wing Václav Srb0.1%
Urza Urza.cz Anarcho-capitalism N/AMartin Urza0.1%
MZH Moravian Land Movement
Moravské zemské hnutí		 Regionalism Centre to centre-left Pavel Trčala0.1%
Left The Left [p]
Levice		 Democratic socialism Left-wing Markéta Juřicová0.1%
PB Right Bloc
Pravý blok		 Anti-communism
Social conservatism 		Right-wing Petr Cibulka 0.1%
BPS Balbín's Poetic Party  [ cs ]
Balbínova poetická strana		 Direct democracy
Anti-communism 		N/AJiří Hrdinadid not run
ČR1 Czech Republic in First Place! [q]
Česká republika na 1. místě!		 Vaccine hesitancy Far-right Ladislav Vrabel new party
Kruh Circle Movement  [ cs ]
Hnutí Kruh		 Progressivism Centre-left to left-wing N/Anew party
Generation Generation Movement
Hnutí Generace		 Youth politics
Economic liberalism 		Centre N/Anew party
HOPMovement of Citizens and Entrepreneurs
Hnutí občanů a podnikatelů		 Anti-establishment
Populism 		N/AN/Anew party
JaSaNClear Signal of Independents [r]
Jasný Signál Nezávislých		 Sovereigntism
National conservatism 		Right-wing to far-right Vladimír Štěpánnew party
RebelsRebels
Rebelové		 Economic populism Centre Miloslav Zienteknew party
SMSThe State Should Serve [s]
Stát Má Sloužit		 Liberal conservatism Centre Karel Leškovskýnew party
Volt Volt Czechia [t]
Volt Česko		 European federalism
Social liberalism 		Centre to centre-left Mikuláš Peksa new party
Voluntia Voluntia  [ cs ] Libertarianism
Voluntaryism 		Right-wing Tomáš Roudnew party
CHALLENGECHALLENGE 2025
VÝZVA 2025		 Social market economy
Conservatism 		Centre-right Karolína Kubiskovánew party

Opinion polls

Local regression graph of polls conducted since the 2021 election by party 2025 Czech legislative election polls.svg
Local regression graph of polls conducted since the 2021 election by party

Notes

  1. 1 2 As part of Pirates and Mayors which won 15.6% of the vote and 37 seats in total.
  2. 1 2 Joint result of Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and Social Democracy
  3. ↑ Not running for reelection
  4. ↑ SPD list with Tricolour, Svobodní and PRO members
  5. ↑ STAN list with members of SLK, Karlovy Vary Civic Initiative and Eastern Bohemians  [ cs ]
  6. ↑ Pirates list with Green Party members
  7. ↑ Left ANO after 2023 Czech presidential election
  8. ↑ Left Freedom and Direct Democracy
  9. ↑ Kobza is contesting the election on Stačilo!'s list in the Central Bohemian Region [100]
  10. ↑ Supported by the Freeholder Party of the Czech Republic
  11. ↑ Přísaha list with members of Hlas samospráv  [ cs ], PES Movement, Change 2020  [ cs ] and Independents
  12. ↑ List with members of Stačilo!, Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia, Social Democracy, Czech National Social Party, United Democrats – Association of Independents and Moravané
  13. ↑ ČSSD list with members of Home  [ cs ], Direction Czech Republic and Czechoslovak Communist Party (1995)  [ cs ]
  14. ↑ Swiss Democracy list with members of SOS Praha and Party of the State of Direct Democracy – Party of Labour  [ cs ]
  15. ↑ KČ list with members of the Conservative Party
  16. ↑ Left list with members of Budoucnost
  17. ↑ ČR1 list with members of SPR-RSČ and National Democracy
  18. ↑ Supported by Seniors for Themselves  [ cs ]
  19. ↑ Supported by REFERENDUM - Voice of the People  [ cs ]
  20. ↑ Volt list with members of the Liberal Alliance of Independent Citizens  [ cs ]

References

  1. ↑ Soukup, Jaroslav (13 May 2025). "Rozhodnuto. Volby budou na začátku října". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Borgis.
  2. ↑ "Babiš needs fractured protest parties to survive Czech election". Telewizja Polska (in Polish). Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  3. ↑ "Czech populist opposition leads as election set for October". Reuters. 13 May 2025. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  4. ↑ Beck, Robert (1 July 2025). "Czech Republic Faces Pressing Security Challenges Ahead of Parliamentary Elections". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  5. ↑ Beck, Robert (13 December 2024). "Czech Republic Faces an Uncertain Political Future". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 13 August 2025.
  6. ↑ "Czech parliamentary election 2025: What expats need to know". www.expats.cz. 18 May 2025. Retrieved 6 July 2025.
  7. ↑ "Elections to the Chamber of Deputies". pspen.psp.cz. Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  8. ↑ "Definitivně schváleno. Novelu o korespondenční volbě podepsal prezident". Seznam Zprávy (in Czech). ČTK. 28 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  9. ↑ Křížová, Iveta (22 August 2025). "Korespondenční volba zklamala očekávání". Seznam Zprávy (in Czech). Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  10. ↑ Otto, Pavel (20 August 2025). "Zájem o korespondenční volbu mírně stoupl. Očekávání vládních stran ale ani zdaleka nenaplní". e15 (in Czech). Czech News Center . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  11. ↑ "Slepence SPD a Stačilo! vadí politické konkurenci. Uvažuje o stížnostech a žalobách - Novinky". www.novinky.cz (in Czech). 1 August 2025. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  12. ↑ Nečásková, Pavlína (20 August 2025). "Volební úspěch nekoalice SPD promění českou politiku tak, že budeme koukat, předpovídá Šídlo". iROZHLAS (in Czech). Czech Radio . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  13. ↑ Bartovský, Martin; Bryś, Martin; Adámek, Oliver (24 March 2025). "Okamurova hnědá nekoalice chystá mega podvod na voliče. Chrání Marek Benda pedofily?". Reflex (in Czech). Czech News Center . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  14. ↑ Cemper, Jan (16 April 2025). "Koalice nekoalice a slib Svobodných". Manipulátoři.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  15. ↑ Gor, Vartazaryan; Horák, Filip (June 2025). ""Enough!" to Circumvention of Legal Regulation of Pre-electoral Coalitions. Analysis of the Current Definition of Coalition Lists for Chamber of Deputies Elections and De Lege Ferenda Proposals". Právník (in Czech) (6/2025). Czech Academy of Sciences: 507–523 – via ResearchGate.
  16. ↑ "Seznam Zvolenych Poslancu Strany Spolu v KRAJÍCH - Predikce". E15.cz (in Czech). Czech News Center. 9 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  17. ↑ "Seznam Zvolenych Poslancu Strany PIRSTAN v KRAJÍCH - Predikce". E15.cz (in Czech). Czech News Center. 9 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  18. ↑ "Prezident jmenoval Fialu předsedou vlády. Kabinet by mohl vzniknout v polovině prosince, čeká nový premiér". ČT24 (in Czech). Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  19. ↑ "New Czech government set to sign coalition deal". Bne IntelliNews . 7 November 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2025.
  20. 1 2 Svoboda, Tomáš (9 June 2024). "Volby ovládlo hnutí ANO, největšími skokany jsou Motoristé s Přísahou". Seznam Zprávy (in Czech). Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  21. ↑ Musil, Adam; Chodil, Jakub (10 June 2024). "Eurovolby v Česku vyhrálo ANO. Pirátům může kvůli neúspěchu hrozit štěpení, míní odborníci". ČT24 (in Czech). Czech News Agency . Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  22. ↑ "Czech government undergoes a reshuffle after a party leaves but retains a majority in Parliament". Associated Press . 8 October 2024.
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