5-demicube

Demipenteract (5-demicube)
Petrie polygon projection
Type	Uniform 5-polytope
Family (Dn)	5-demicube
Families (En)	k21 polytope 1k2 polytope
Coxeter symbol	121
Schläfli symbols	{3,32,1} = h{4,33} s{2,4,3,3} or h{2}h{4,3,3} sr{2,2,4,3} or h{2}h{2}h{4,3} h{2}h{2}h{2}h{4} s{21,1,1,1} or h{2}h{2}h{2}s{2}
Coxeter diagrams	=
4-faces	26	10 {31,1,1} 16 {3,3,3}
Cells	120	40 {31,0,1} 80 {3,3}
Faces	160	{3}
Edges	80
Vertices	16
Vertex figure	rectified 5-cell
Petrie polygon	Octagon
Symmetry	D5, [32,1,1] = [1+,4,33] [24]+
Properties	convex

In five-dimensional geometry, a demipenteract or 5-demicube is a semiregular 5-polytope, constructed from a 5-hypercube (penteract) with alternated vertices removed.

It was discovered by Thorold Gosset. Since it was the only semiregular 5-polytope (made of more than one type of regular facets), he called it a 5-ic semi-regular. E. L. Elte identified it in 1912 as a semiregular polytope, labeling it as HM₅ for a 5-dimensional half measure polytope.

Coxeter named this polytope as 1₂₁ from its Coxeter diagram, which has branches of length 2, 1 and 1 with a ringed node on one of the short branches, and Schläfli symbol ${\displaystyle \left\{3{\begin{array}{l}3,3\\3\end{array}}\right\}}$ or {3,3^2,1}.

It exists in the k₂₁ polytope family as 1₂₁ with the Gosset polytopes: 2₂₁, 3₂₁, and 4₂₁.

The graph formed by the vertices and edges of the demipenteract is sometimes called the Clebsch graph, though that name sometimes refers to the folded cube graph of order five instead.

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a demipenteract centered at the origin and edge length 2√2 are alternate halves of the penteract:

(±1,±1,±1,±1,±1)

with an odd number of plus signs.

As a configuration

This configuration matrix represents the 5-demicube. The rows and columns correspond to vertices, edges, faces, cells and 4-faces. The diagonal numbers say how many of each element occur in the whole 5-demicube. The nondiagonal numbers say how many of the column's element occur in or at the row's element. ^{[1] [2]}

The diagonal f-vector numbers are derived through the Wythoff construction, dividing the full group order of a subgroup order by removing one mirror at a time. ^[3]

D5		k-face	fk	f0	f1	f2	f3		f4		k-figure	notes(*)
A4		( )	f0	16	10	30	10	20	5	5	rectified 5-cell	D5/A4 = 16*5!/5! = 16
A2A1A1		{ }	f1	2	80	6	3	6	3	2	triangular prism	D5/A2A1A1 = 16*5!/3!/2/2 = 80
A2A1		{3}	f2	3	3	160	1	2	2	1	Isosceles triangle	D5/A2A1 = 16*5!/3!/2 = 160
A3A1		h{4,3}	f3	4	6	4	40	*	2	0	Segment { }	D5/A3A1 = 16*5!/4!/2 = 40
A3		{3,3}		4	6	4	*	80	1	1	Segment { }	D5/A3 = 16*5!/4! = 80
D4		h{4,3,3}	f4	8	24	32	8	8	10	*	Point ( )	D5/D4 = 16*5!/8/4! = 10
A4		{3,3,3}		5	10	10	0	5	*	16	Point ( )	D5/A4 = 16*5!/5! = 16

* = The number of elements (diagonal values) can be computed by the symmetry order D₅ divided by the symmetry order of the subgroup with selected mirrors removed.

Projected images

Perspective projection.

Images

orthographic projections

Coxeter plane	B5
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[10/2]
Coxeter plane	D5	D4
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[8]	[6]
Coxeter plane	D3	A3
Graph
Dihedral symmetry	[4]	[4]

Related polytopes

It is a part of a dimensional family of uniform polytopes called demihypercubes for being alternation of the hypercube family.

There are 23 Uniform 5-polytopes (uniform 5-polytopes) that can be constructed from the D₅ symmetry of the demipenteract, 8 of which are unique to this family, and 15 are shared within the penteractic family.

D5 polytopes
h{4,3,3,3}	h2{4,3,3,3}	h3{4,3,3,3}	h4{4,3,3,3}	h2,3{4,3,3,3}	h2,4{4,3,3,3}	h3,4{4,3,3,3}	h2,3,4{4,3,3,3}

The 5-demicube is third in a dimensional series of semiregular polytopes. Each progressive uniform polytope is constructed vertex figure of the previous polytope. Thorold Gosset identified this series in 1900 as containing all regular polytope facets, containing all simplexes and orthoplexes (5-simplices and 5-orthoplexes in the case of the 5-demicube). In Coxeter's notation the 5-demicube is given the symbol 1₂₁.

k21 figures in n dimensions
Space	Finite						Euclidean	Hyperbolic
En	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Coxeter group	E3=A2A1	E4=A4	E5=D5	E6	E7	E8	E9 = ${\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{8}}$ = E8+	E10 = ${\displaystyle {\bar {T}}_{8}}$ = E8++
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry	[3−1,2,1]	[30,2,1]	[31,2,1]	[32,2,1]	[33,2,1]	[34,2,1]	[35,2,1]	[36,2,1]
Order	12	120	1,920	51,840	2,903,040	696,729,600	∞
Graph							-	-
Name	−121	021	121	221	321	421	521	621

1k2 figures in n dimensions
Space	Finite						Euclidean	Hyperbolic
n	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Coxeter group	E3=A2A1	E4=A4	E5=D5	E6	E7	E8	E9 = ${\displaystyle {\tilde {E}}_{8}}$ = E8+	E10 = ${\displaystyle {\bar {T}}_{8}}$ = E8++
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry (order)	[3−1,2,1]	[30,2,1]	[31,2,1]	[[32,2,1]]	[33,2,1]	[34,2,1]	[35,2,1]	[36,2,1]
Order	12	120	1,920	103,680	2,903,040	696,729,600	∞
Graph							-	-
Name	1−1,2	102	112	122	132	142	152	162

References

1. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, sec 1.8 Configurations
2. Coxeter, Complex Regular Polytopes, p.117
3. Klitzing, Richard. "x3o3o *b3o3o - hin".

• T. Gosset: On the Regular and Semi-Regular Figures in Space of n Dimensions, Messenger of Mathematics, Macmillan, 1900
• H.S.M. Coxeter:
  • Coxeter, Regular Polytopes , (3rd edition, 1973), Dover edition, ISBN   0-486-61480-8, p. 296, Table I (iii): Regular Polytopes, three regular polytopes in n-dimensions (n≥5)
  • H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular Polytopes, 3rd Edition, Dover New York, 1973, p. 296, Table I (iii): Regular Polytopes, three regular polytopes in n-dimensions (n≥5)
  • Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter, edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995, ISBN   978-0-471-01003-6
    • (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I, [Math. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10]
    • (Paper 23) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes II, [Math. Zeit. 188 (1985) 559-591]
    • (Paper 24) H.S.M. Coxeter, Regular and Semi-Regular Polytopes III, [Math. Zeit. 200 (1988) 3-45]
• John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN   978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 26. pp. 409: Hemicubes: 1_n1)
• Klitzing, Richard. "5D uniform polytopes (polytera) x3o3o *b3o3o - hin".

External links

• Olshevsky, George. "Demipenteract". Glossary for Hyperspace. Archived from the original on 4 February 2007.
• Multi-dimensional Glossary

v t e Fundamental convex regular and uniform polytopes in dimensions 2–10
Family	An	Bn	I2(p) / Dn	E6 / E7 / E8 / F4 / G2	Hn
Regular polygon	Triangle	Square	p-gon	Hexagon	Pentagon
Uniform polyhedron	Tetrahedron	Octahedron • Cube	Demicube		Dodecahedron • Icosahedron
Uniform polychoron	Pentachoron	16-cell • Tesseract	Demitesseract	24-cell	120-cell • 600-cell
Uniform 5-polytope	5-simplex	5-orthoplex • 5-cube	5-demicube
Uniform 6-polytope	6-simplex	6-orthoplex • 6-cube	6-demicube	122 • 221
Uniform 7-polytope	7-simplex	7-orthoplex • 7-cube	7-demicube	132 • 231 • 321
Uniform 8-polytope	8-simplex	8-orthoplex • 8-cube	8-demicube	142 • 241 • 421
Uniform 9-polytope	9-simplex	9-orthoplex • 9-cube	9-demicube
Uniform 10-polytope	10-simplex	10-orthoplex • 10-cube	10-demicube
Uniform n-polytope	n-simplex	n-orthoplex • n-cube	n-demicube	1k2 • 2k1 • k21	n-pentagonal polytope
Topics: Polytope families • Regular polytope • List of regular polytopes and compounds