Agriculture in Nigeria

Last updated
Development of agricultural output of Nigeria in 2015 US$ since 1961 Agricultural output of Nigeria.svg
Development of agricultural output of Nigeria in 2015 US$ since 1961
Oshodi Market in Lagos Oshodi market lagos.jpg
Oshodi Market in Lagos

Agriculture is a major sector of the Nigerian economy, [1] accounting for up to 35% of total employment in 2020. [2] According to the FAO, [3] agriculture remains the foundation of the Nigerian economy, [1] providing livelihood for most Nigerians and generating millions of jobs. [4] [5] [6] Along with crude oil, Nigeria relies on the agricultural products it exports to generate most of its national revenue. [6] The agricultural sector in Nigeria comprises four sub-sectors: crop production, livestock, forestry, and fishing.

Contents

Nigeria has a total agricultural area of 70.8 million hectares, [3] of which 34 million hectares are arable land, [7] 6.5 million hectares are used for permanent crops, and 30.3 million hectares are meadows and pastures.

Maize, cassava, guinea corn, Groundnut and yam are the major crops farmed in Nigeria, with 70% of the households engaged in crop farming. In the south, 7.3% of the households practice fishing, while 69.3% of the households own or raise livestock in northwest Nigeria. [8]

In the third quarter of 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the sector grew by 14.88% year-on-year. Crop production remains the largest part of the sector. During the third quarter of 2019, the agriculture sector contributed 29.25% to the overall real GDP. [9] Between January and March 2021, agriculture contributed 22.35% of the total gross domestic product. [3] [10] [11] [12] [13]

The sector is undergoing transformation through commercialization at the small, medium, and large enterprise levels. [14] However, there are several factors in the Nigerian agricultural sector that may prevent its growth, including a land tenure system that limits access to land, the country's level of irrigation development, limited adoption of research findings and technologies, costs of farm inputs, the amount of access to credit allowed by the management of specialized institutions established for the development of the agricultural sector, the manners of fertilizer procurement and distribution, storage facility effectiveness, and the amount of access to markets.

More recently, changes in average temperatures, rainfall, climate extremes, and the growing infestation of pests and related diseases precipitated by climate change pose a challenge to the integrity of the country's agriculture system. [15] This is coupled with a dependence on rain-fed agriculture, which has made the sector vulnerable to seasonal conditions. [16]

These all contribute to agricultural productivity and post-harvest losses and waste in Nigeria. [3] Illiteracy is also one of the several factors preventing the progress and development of agriculture in Nigeria. Research has proven that most of the farmers in Nigeria have not acquired formal education. [17]

Dynamics

At the time of Nigeria's independence (1960), food exports made up more than 70% of the country's Gross National Product (GNP). [18] However, over the next 25 years, the situation reversed, with food items accounting for over 50% of imports. Despite having fertile land, food output in Nigeria declined, and per capita food production also decreased, leading to a more than sevenfold increase in grain imports. [19]

In the 1970s, the Nigerian government promoted the use of inorganic fertilizers to address the issue. [20] By 1990, out of Nigeria's total land area of about 91 million hectares, 82 million hectares were found to be suitable for farming, but only 42% of the cultivable area was farmed. The "bush fallow system," which involves land being left idle for a period of time to allow natural regeneration of soil fertility, was commonly used. Additionally, 18 million hectares were classified as permanent pasture, but had the potential to support crops, and most of the 20 million hectares covered by forests and woodlands were believed to have agricultural potential. [21]

Agricultural holdings are small and scattered, and farming is carried out with simple tools. Large-scale agriculture is not common. Agriculture contributed 32% to GDP in 2001.

Nigeria’s Agricultural Import Bill surged 30% to N920 billion in Q1 2024, underscoring the nation's growing reliance on imported agricultural products like wheat and essential foods to meet consumer demand, which domestic farming struggles to satisfy

This dependence on imports presents challenges for Nigeria’s agricultural sector, potentially reducing local production due to cheaper, more accessible imported goods. This competitive market environment poses risks to the sector’s long-term sustainability and development. [22]

Animal agriculture

This section is an excerpt from Animal agriculture in Nigeria.[ edit ]
A farmer and his cow Another man holding his cow.jpg
A farmer and his cow

The majority of herders in African countries are livestock owners. Livestock farming is a part of Nigeria's agriculture system. In 2017, Nigeria had approximately over 80 million poultry farming, 76 million goats, 43.4 million sheep, 18.4 million cattle, 7.5 million pigs, and 1.4 million of its equivalent. [23] Livestock farming is about 5% of Nigeria's gross domestic product and 17% of its agricultural gross domestic product. [24]

In Nigeria there is always increased in meat demand and this is seen as an economic development growth. [25] Animal husbandry in Nigeria therefore has changed the narrative due to population growth in urbanization and agricultural practices. [26] [27] Traditional nomadic pastoralism has transitioned to sedentary and intensive grazing, leading to the increased pressure on gazetted areas. Overgrazing, particularly in fragile ecosystems such as the savannas and woodland areas, has caused loss of vegetation, soil, and biodiversity. Types of Aminal agriculture in Nigeria are:

Livestock

Nigeria is a significant hub of producing item utilization in West Africa. It is likewise one of the biggest domesticated animals bringing nations up in the district. Meeting the consistently expanding homegrown interest and admittance to these thriving business sectors are major monetary stakes for Nigeria and for the adjoining Sahel nations that raise domesticated animals. By its populace and limit with regards to creature creation, with 25% of domesticated animals crowds in the sub-locale, Nigeria is by a long shot the main animals maker in Focal and West Africa. [28]

The country's dairy cattle groups are assessed at north of 16 million head, a long ways in front of Niger (8.7 million), Mali (8.2 million) and Chad (7 million). The portion of Sahel nations is huge, nonetheless, addressing more than half of absolute steers groups. Cows bringing up in Nigeria is to a great extent enhanced by short-cycle domesticated animals tasks, assessed at 33.8 million head of sheep and 175 million poultry birds. [29]

Nigerian Domesticated animals Tasks Face Huge Impediments to Improvement

Domesticated animals raising is a significant area of movement in Nigeria, however it is likely to a few significant imperatives. Accessible field land is subsiding essentially as urban communities and cultivating grow. Admittance to creature farming sources of info appears to be lacking and specialized help for animal wellbeing deficient. Steers are brought basically up in the Sudan-Sahel district of the northern states, where agro-peaceful exercises for the most part include occasional and cross-line relocation to exploit Sahel pastures in the stormy season. Below are some obstacles to improve: [29]

The solid ascent popular for creature items is expected not exclusively to the high pace of urbanization (60% of Nigerians are city occupants), however most importantly to customers' more prominent buying power and the development of another working class. Besides, this exchange monster represents almost 60% of global exchange the locale. Simultaneously, an ever increasing number of buyers need better meat from directed slaughterhouses. Some modern meat organizations are currently sectioning the market, selling frozen meat bundled in individual parts. Drive-through eateries fit to this new sort of shopper are additionally growing quickly. A few examples of significant worth chain coordination are likewise being viewed as the area develops, with a couple of organizations handling meat in their own slaughterhouses provided by their own organizations of makers. Albeit this last fragment is developing, it actually represents under 10% of the general meat item market. In spite of these arising elements, many individuals actually don't approach Sahel hamburger, which is considered to be too costly by less-well-off fragments of the populace. In this way, according to the all out populace, meat utilization in Nigeria is still underneath the territorial normal (2 kg for each individual and each year in Nigeria, contrasted with 8 kg for every individual each year in ECOWAS). [29]

A Basic Stake for the League, its Reproducers' Associations, and the Adjoining Animals Bringing Nations up in the Sahel. Making more meat items accessible quickly, moves toward reinforce the seriousness of domesticated animals tasks, support of private interest in this area — Nigerian domesticated animals strategy measures are firmly centered around concentrated animals tasks and on imports from nations that have fostered an animals industry. Both of these strategy choices depend on the utilization of a lot of grains, the accessibility and cost of which differ significantly with the changes underway in the Sahel and all over the planet. One can likewise keep thinking about whether this animals monster's approaches have adequately resolved the issues of agropastoral creation and working on the concurrence between animals reproducers and ranchers (a few in some cases exceptionally horrendous struggles broke out in 2009 and 2010 in the provinces of Bauchi, Nasarawa, Benue, Level and Ebonyi). Straightforwardly connected with populace development, crowd developments in Nigeria and admittance to feed and watering spots are difficult issues. The issue is in this way, more intensely than in other Sahel nations, one of making roaming crowding safer. Animals bringing up in the Sahel locale assumes a significant part in Nigeria. The reciprocal connection between domesticated animals bringing up in the North and in the South ought to be reinforced, without undercutting meat from the Sahel. Costs ought to more readily represent the scope of chance factors, the quantity of go-betweens and the vacillation of money trade rates. As the number of inhabitants in urban communities and towns in the Sahel develops, this meat will positively turn out to be more costly, and accordingly more "specific" corresponding to customers' buying power. In the ongoing 10 years, the Sahel nations will be unable to fulfill the Nigerian hamburger need in sum, however can in any case assume a significant part helping their separate economies. Sahel hamburger creation should accomplish other things to fulfill quality prerequisites. The steers headed to showcase from the Sahel are much of the time rather lean, and that implies that they should be filled out at middle of the road locales situated on the two sides of the line. To all the more efficiently and all the more quickly stuff dairy cattle for market, the limitations on admittance to take care of should be survived. This implies that animals reproducers' associations should get more political power in exchanges with industrialists (who produce wheat, presscake, and so forth.). This additionally implies that procedures should be found to work on the handling of rural side-effects. These are a portion of the difficulties confronting reproducers' associations as they try to work on their individuals' livelihoods and backing the cows raising area. [29]

Poultry

Poultry In Nigeria

Chickens are more normal than other poultry birds. They are of various classes going from pullets (layers), grills, and noilers. The grills are for the most part utilized for meat creation while the layers are for egg creation. The most favored breeds in Nigeria incorporate the Marshall, ISA Brown, Cobb, Bovans Dark, Cornish Cross, Arbor Section of land Furthermore, K-22 Moyer, and the Cornish Goliaths. Ranchers gain stock from incubators either from day-old (DOCs), or fourteen days old enough, or mark of-lay pullets (15-17 weeks old enough) from believed great family producer ranches. [29]

The poultry executives frameworks being used are:

Production

In 2022, Nigeria produced:

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products, [37] Nigeria produced about 2.2 million metric tons of fish in 2008. [3]

Agricultural products

A map of Nigeria's main agricultural products Nigeria econ 1979.jpg
A map of Nigeria's main agricultural products

Crops grown in Nigeria include beans, rice, sesame, cashew nuts, cassava, cocoa beans, groundnuts, gum arabic, kolanut, cocoa, maize (corn), melon, millet, palm kernels, palm oil, plantains, rice, rubber, sorghum, soybeans, bananas, and yams. [38]

In the past, Nigeria was known for the export of groundnut and palm kernel oil. However, over the years, the rate of exportation of these products has decreased. A few years ago[ clarification needed ], local Nigerian companies started exporting groundnuts, cashew nuts, sesame seeds, moringa seeds, ginger, cocoa, and other crops. [39]

The country's agricultural products fall into two main groups: food crops produced for home consumption and cash crops sold for profits and exported abroad. Prior to the Nigerian civil war, the country was self-sufficient in food, but that decreased after 1973. Bread made from American wheat replaced domestic crops as the cheapest staple food. [40] Between 1980 and 2016, yam production increased from about 5 million tonnes to 44 million tonnes. [41]

Tonnes produced in198020002016
Maize 612,000 [42] 4,107,000 [42] 764,678 [43]
Millet 2,824,000 [44] 5,814,000 [44] 1,468,668 [43]
Guinea corn 3,690,000 [45] 7,711,000 [45] 6,939,335 [43]
Yam 5,250,000 [41] 26,210,000 [41] 44,109,615 [43]
Cassava 11,500,000 [46] 32,697,000 [46] 57,134,478 [43]
Rice, paddy 1,090,000 [47] 3,298,0006,070,813 [43]
Melon seed 94,000 [48] 345,000 [48] 569,398 [43]
Cocoyam 208,000 [49] 3,886,000 [49] 3,175,842 [43]
Sesame seed15,000 [50] 72,000460,988 [49]

Cocoa

Cocoa is the largest non-oil foreign exchange, but the dominance of smallholders and lack of farm labour due to urbanization hold back production. Some other factors holding back the production of cocoa include financing, a lack of a coordinating body, and low uptake of newer varieties of seedlings to rehabilitate old and cultivate new plantations. These factors are identified by multiple stakeholders. [2] Reviving Nigeria's Cocoa Industry

The challenges have displaced the country from being the second-largest producer of cocoa beans to being the fourth, overtaken by Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Indonesia. In 1969, Nigeria produced 145,000 tons of cocoa beans; however, it has the potential to produce over 300,000 per year. The Nigerian Government may give more incentives to cocoa farmers to increase productivity. [40]

Rubber

Rubber is the second-largest non-oil foreign exchange earner. [5] [51] Rubber is grown across different states in Nigeria, including the Edo, Delta, Ondo, Ogun, Abia, Anambra, Akwa Ibom, Cross Rivers, Ebonyi, and Bayelsa states. [52] [53]

Natural rubber plays a vital role in Nigeria's economy, serving three key purposes: it supplies raw materials to agro-based industries, generates foreign exchange earnings, and establishes Nigeria as a prominent exporter of rubber on the global stage, [54] while also providing employment opportunities to a significant number of rural farmers. [55]

Palm oil an edible oil that comes from the fruit of the oil palm tree Palm oil in a white bowl.jpg
Palm oil an edible oil that comes from the fruit of the oil palm tree

Palm oil

Palm oil is high in carotenes, which are precursors to vitamin A, tocopherols, and antioxidants, palm oil is mostly used for cooking and frying in Nigeria. It has led to interest in using palm oil as a natural source of vitamin A in Africa. [56]

Although oil palm plantations and estates occupy over 118,264 hectares, they account for merely 5% of Nigeria's total crude palm oil production. Although palm kernel cake is well-known in West plantations as a useful feed ingredient, it was mostly utilized as a source of fiber and energy in rations for fish, fowl, and pigs until recently.

The palm oil industry constitutes another sector of the Nigerian economy, providing food and raw materials for the food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and bio-energy industries. In Nigeria, the institute with information about oil palm is the Nigeria Institute for Oil Palm Research. The formal mandate of the institute is to conduct research into the production and products of oil palm and other palms of economic relevance and transfer its research findings to farmers. [57]

As of 2023, Edo state holds the top position in palm oil production in Nigeria, thanks to significant contributions from Flourmills Nigeria, Dufil, and Saro Africa, who have collectively cultivated thousands of hectares of oil palm plantations in the state. [58]

Cash crop production

Cash crop production in Nigeria in 1980, 2000, and 2016

Tonnes produced in [43] 198020002016
Oil palm fruit 5,750,0008,220,0007,817,207
Cocoa 153,000338,000236,521
Groundnut 471,0002,901,0003,028,571
Kola nut 135,00082,000143,829
Ginger 20098,000522,964

Fishing

Fisheries production particularly from marine is significant for the financial advancement of Nigerians and its commitment to the country's monetary development through the GDP (Gross domestic product). [59]

Traditional native crops

Traditional native cereals such as fonio ( Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua ) are still grown in the Middle Belt of central Nigeria. [60]

Other traditional native crops in Nigeria are: [60]

Ministry of Agriculture

A rice paddy field in Nigeria A man weeds his rice crop.jpg
A rice paddy field in Nigeria

The government office responsible for agriculture development and transformation in Nigeria is currently the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Primarily funded by Nigeria's federal government, the Ministry currently supervises almost fifty parastatals operating as either departments or agencies across the country. The Ministry has two major departments, namely the Technical and Service Departments:

The ministry is headed by Audu Ogbeh, who was appointed by President Muhammad Buhari on 12 November 2015, succeeding Akinwumi Adesina, who was elected to head Africa Development Bank. Buhari also appointed Heineken Lokpobiri as the new Minister of State for Agriculture and Shehu Ahmad as the Permanent Secretary under the newly created Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. [61]

Policies

Rice processing in south east Nigeria Rice processing in South East Nigeria3.jpg
Rice processing in south east Nigeria
winnowing of threshed rice separates the stock from the paddy rice, by a Nigerian woman Rice processing in South East Nigeri6.jpg
winnowing of threshed rice separates the stock from the paddy rice, by a Nigerian woman
Women working in the mill. The husk and bran of the parboiled rice are removed to give the white grain in south east Nigeria. Rice processing in South East Nigeria18.jpg
Women working in the mill. The husk and bran of the parboiled rice are removed to give the white grain in south east Nigeria.

In 2011, President Jonathan's administration launched the Agricultural Transformation Agenda, which was overseen by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. The primary goal of the agenda was to position agriculture as a profitable business, integrate the agricultural value chain, and establish agriculture as a primary driver of Nigeria's economic growth. [62] To achieve this agenda, the government implemented several measures:

Recently, the Central Bank of Nigeria began the Anchors-Borrow program [63] to encourage the cultivation of certain crops, especially rice.

The Federal Government of Nigeria has also closed its land borders in order to curtail rice imports and encourage local production. [64] [65]

In 2024, the Nigerian government temporarily banned import duties on essential agricultural commodities to combat food inflation and support local production. This policy aims to reduce food import costs and encourage investment in local farming and food processing industries. [66]

Additionally, the government introduced financial and logistical support programs for farmers, including low-interest loans, subsidies for agricultural inputs, and investment in rural infrastructure. [67]

Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals in the agriculture sector in Nigeria have had an impact on the export sector responsible for the consumption and production of agricultural products in Nigeria. The exportation sector's monthly earnings have improved in four years. In January 2016, agricultural exports raked in N4.1 billion, which then rose to N25 billion by January 2017. From April 2019 to March 2020, total agriculture exports hit N289 billion for Nigeria.

Agriculture exports for the first six months of 2020 were N204.45 billion, which indicates that productivity is increasing in the sector to enable export growth. [68]

The Sustainable Development Goals have also led to the emergence of policies that have had an impact on the agriculture sector. Some of them include the Nigerian “Agricultural Promotion Policy—2016–2020”, which focuses on ensuring food security by reducing food imports. It manages institutional reforms and incentives for technological development at the local level. The Empowering Novel Agribusiness-Led Employment Program mobilizes finance for youth-led agribusiness development. Another policy is the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Act from 2016, which offers incentives to farmers and other professionals throughout the agricultural supply chain. Finally, the “Green Alternative: The Agriculture Promotion Policy” was launched in mid-2016. It was created to boost soybean and cowpea production, which were chosen for the policy's focus due to their nutritional value and export potential. [69]

Drawback to Nigeria's Agricultural Sector

Since 2015, nomadic cattle herders' attacks on farms across Nigeria have led to abysmally low output as many farming communities have either abandoned farming or have curtailed their farming activities due to threats of crop destruction or bloody clashes. This has invariably led to skyrocketing food inflation and a rise in unemployment. Herders against Farmers: Nigeria's Expanding Deadly Conflict Farmers accuse herders of intentionally lead their cattle to eat up their crops, which sometimes made farmers to attack the herders. The herders then usually regroup to burn whole rural farming communities in retaliation.

Though Nigeria is nearing self-sufficiency in rice production , experts warn that if the protracted conflict between nomads and farmers is not solved soon, it may erode the gains made so far. Several peace accords signed between the two have failed to curtail incidences of crop destructions or the resulting violence.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of the Dominican Republic</span>

The economy of the Dominican Republic is the seventh largest in Latin America, and is the largest in the Caribbean and Central American region. The Dominican Republic is an upper-middle income developing country with important sectors including mining, tourism, manufacturing, energy, real estate, infrastructure, telecommunications and agriculture. The Dominican Republic is on track to achieve its goal of becoming a high-income country by 2030, and is expected to grow 79% in this decade. The country is the site of the single largest gold mine in Latin America, the Pueblo Viejo mine.Although the service sector is currently the leading employer of Dominicans, agriculture remains an important sector in terms of the domestic market and is in second place in terms of export earnings. Tourism accounts for more than $7.4 billion in annual earnings in 2019. Free-trade zone earnings and tourism are the fastest-growing export sectors. A leading growth engine in the Free-trade zone sector is the production of medical equipment for export having a value-added per employee of $20,000 USD, total revenue of $1.5 billion USD, and a growth rate of 7.7% in 2019. The medical instrument export sector represents one of the highest-value added sectors of the country's economy, a true growth engine for the country's emerging market. Remittances are an important sector of the economy, contributing $8.2 billion in 2020. Most of these funds are used to cover household expenses, such as housing, food, clothing, health care and education. Secondarily, remittances have financed businesses and productive activities. Thirdly, this combined effect has induced investment by the private sector and helps fund the public sector through its value-added tax. The combined import market including the free-trade-zones amounts to a market of $20 billion a year in 2019. The combined export sector had revenues totaling $11 billion in 2019. The consumer market is equivalent to $61 billion in 2019. An important indicator is the average commercial loan interest rate, which directs short-term investment and stimulates long-term investment in the economy. It is currently 8.30%, as of June 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Iran</span> Economic sector in Iran

Roughly one-third of Iran's total surface area is suitable for farmland, but because of poor soil and a lack of adequate water distribution in many areas, most of it is not under cultivation. Only 12% of the total land area is under cultivation but less than one-third of the cultivated area is irrigated; the rest is devoted to dryland farming. Some 92 percent of agricultural products depend on water. The western and northwestern portions of the country have the most fertile soils. Iran's food security index stands at around 96 percent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Senegal</span> Economic sector in Senegal

Agriculture is one of the dominant parts of Senegal's economy, even though Senegal lies within the drought-prone Sahel region. As only about 5% of the land is irrigated, Senegal continues to rely on rain-fed agriculture. Agriculture occupies about 75% of the workforce. Despite a relatively wide variety of agricultural production, the majority of farmers produce for subsistence needs. Millet, rice, corn, and sorghum are the primary food crops grown in Senegal. Production is subject to drought and threats of pests such as locusts, birds, fruit flies, and white flies. Moreover, the effects of climate change in Senegal are expected to severely harm the agricultural economy due to extreme weather such as drought, as well as increased temperatures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in China</span> Sector of the Chinese economy

China primarily produces rice, wheat, potatoes, tomato, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, oilseed, corn and soybeans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Colombia</span> Economic sector in Colombia

Agriculture in Colombia refers to all agricultural activities, essential to food, feed, and fiber production, including all techniques for raising and processing livestock within the Republic of Colombia. Plant cultivation and livestock production have continuously abandoned subsistence agricultural practices in favour of technological farming resulting in cash crops which contribute to the economy of Colombia. The Colombian agricultural production has significant gaps in domestic and/or international human and animal sustenance needs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Indonesia</span> Major industry in Indonesia

Agriculture in Indonesia is one of the key sectors within the Indonesian economy. In the last 50 years, the sector's share in national gross domestic product has decreased considerably, due to the rise of industrialisation and service sector. Nevertheless, for the majority of Indonesian households, farming and plantation remains as a vital income generator. In 2013, the agricultural sector contributed 14.43% to national GDP, a slight decline from 2003's contribution which was 15.19%. In 2012, the agricultural sector provides jobs to approximately 49 million Indonesians, representing 41% of the country's total labor force.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Ghana</span> Agricultural activity in Ghana

Agriculture in Ghana consists of a variety of agricultural products and is an established economic sector, providing employment on a formal and informal basis. It is represented by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture. Ghana produces a variety of crops in various climatic zones which range from dry savanna to wet forest which run in east–west bands across Ghana. Agricultural crops, including yams, grains, cocoa, oil palms, kola nuts, and timber, form the base of agriculture in Ghana's economy. In 2013 agriculture employed 53.6% of the total labor force in Ghana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Angola</span>

Angola is a potentially rich agricultural country, with fertile soils, a favourable climate, and about 57.4 million ha of agricultural land, including more than 5.0 million ha of arable land. Before independence from Portugal in 1975, Angola had a flourishing tradition of family-based farming and was self-sufficient in all major food crops except wheat. The country exported coffee and maize, as well as crops such as sisal, bananas, tobacco and cassava. By the 1990s Angola produced less than 1% the volume of coffee it had produced in the early 1970s, while production of cotton, tobacco and sugar cane had ceased almost entirely. Poor global market prices and lack of investment have severely limited the sector since independence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Benin</span>

Benin is predominantly a rural society, and agriculture in Benin supports more than 70% of the population. Agriculture contributes around 35% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and 80% of export income. While the Government of Benin (GOB) aims to diversify its agricultural production, Benin remains underdeveloped, and its economy is underpinned by subsistence agriculture. Approximately 93% of total agricultural production goes into food production. The proportion of the population living in poverty is about 35.2%, with more rural households in poverty (38.4%) than urban households (29.8%). 36% of households depend solely upon agricultural (crop) production for income, and another 30% depend on crop production, livestock, or fishing for income.

Agriculture in Cameroon is an industry that has plenty of potential.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Ivory Coast</span> Economic sector in Ivory Coast

Agriculture was the foundation of the economy in Ivory Coast and its main source of growth. In 1987 the agricultural sector contributed 35 percent of the country's GDP and 66 percent of its export revenues, provided employment for about two-thirds of the national work force, and generated substantial revenues despite the drop in coffee and cocoa prices. From 1965 to 1980, agricultural GDP grew by an average 4.6 percent per year. Growth of agricultural GDP from coffee, cocoa, and timber production, which totaled nearly 50 percent of Ivory Coast's export revenues, averaged 7 percent a year from 1965 to 1980.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of Ivory Coast</span>

The economy of Ivory Coast is stable and currently growing, in the aftermath of political instability in recent decades. The Ivory Coast's economy is largely market-based and depends heavily on the agricultural sector. Almost 70% of the Ivorian people are engaged in some form of agricultural activity. The economy grew 82% in the 1960s, reaching a peak growth of 360% in the 1970s, but this proved unsustainable and it shrank by 28% in the 1980s and a further 22% in the 1990s. This decline, coupled with high population growth, resulted in a steady fall in living standards. The Gross national product per capita, now rising again, was about US$727 in 1996. It was substantially higher two decades before. Real GDP growth is expected to average 6.5% in 2024–25.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Sudan</span> Economic sector in Sudan

Agriculture in Sudan plays an important role in that country's economy. Agriculture and livestock raising are the main sources of livelihood for most of the Sudanese population. It was estimated that, as of 2011, 80 percent of the labor force were employed in that sector, including 84 percent of the women and 64 percent of the men.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Panama</span> Economic sector in Panama

Agriculture in Panama is an important sector of the Panamanian economy. Major agricultural products include bananas, cocoa beans, coffee, coconuts, timber, beef, chicken, shrimp, corn, potatoes, rice, soybeans, and sugar cane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Saudi Arabia</span> Agriculture industry of Saudi Arabia

Agriculture in Saudi Arabia is focused on the export of dates, dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry, fruits, vegetables, and flowers to markets around the world after achieving self-sufficiency in the production of such products. The government of Saudi Arabia is heavily involved in the agriculture industry and subsidizing corporate farming and the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture is primarily responsible for agricultural policy. In the private sector, farmers receive long-term interest-free government loans and low-cost water, fuel, electricity, and duty-free imports of raw materials and machinery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</span>

Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is an industry in the country of the Democratic Republic of the Congo that has plenty of potential.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Sierra Leone</span>

Agriculture in Sierra Leone is a significant part of the economy of Sierra Leone, with it accounting for 58 percent national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007. Two-thirds of the population of Sierra Leone are involved in subsistence agriculture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in the Republic of the Congo</span>

Agriculture in the Republic of the Congo is mostly at the subsistence level. Self-sufficiency in food production is yet to be achieved. Cassava (manioc) is the basic food crop everywhere in the country except in the southern region, where bananas and plantains are prevalent. Among the cash crops, the most important are sugarcane and tobacco, though palm kernels, cacao, and coffee are also cultivated to some extent. The main consumption crops are bananas, manioc, peanuts, plantains, sugarcane, and yams. Subsistence agriculture is the country's most significant employer, and it is one of the three most important economic sectors. With the government's efforts since 1987, agricultural production has increased due to "abolishing state marketing boards, freeing prices, launching new agricultural credit institutions and closing down most state farms". The Niari Valley in the south is a notable agricultural area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Tanzania</span>

Agriculture is the main part of Tanzania's economy. As of 2016, Tanzania had over 44 million hectares of arable land with only 33 percent of this amount in cultivation. Almost 70 percent of the rich population live in rural areas, and almost all of them are involved in the farming sector. Land is a vital asset in ensuring food security, and among the nine main food crops in Tanzania are maize, sorghum, millet, rice, wheat, beans, cassava, potatoes, and bananas. The agricultural industry makes a large contribution to the country's foreign exchange earnings, with more than US$1 billion in earnings from cash crop exports.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Agriculture in Ireland</span> History of agriculture in Ireland

Agriculture in Ireland began during the neolithic era, when inhabitants of the island began to practice animal husbandry and farming grains. Principal crops grown during the neolithic era included barley and wheat.

References

  1. 1 2 "10 Roles of Agriculture in Nigeria Economic Development". InfoGuideNigeria.com. 2020-12-06. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  2. 1 2 "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate) - Nigeria". Work Bank Data. World Bank. 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Nigeria at a glance". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
  4. ↑ "Nigeria: agriculture sector share in employment". Statista. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  5. 1 2 Adeite, Adedotun (2022-04-14). "Agriculture in Nigeria: 7 Interesting Facts & Statistics". Babban Gona. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  6. 1 2 jlukmon (2022-11-18). "List 10 Importance of Agriculture in Nigeria". About Nigerians. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  7. ↑ "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  8. ↑ "Topic: Agriculture in Nigeria". Statista. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
  9. ↑ Nigerian Gross Domestic Product Report Q3 2019, National Bureau of Statistics. https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pdfuploads/GDP_Report_Q3_2019.pdf
  10. ↑ "Agriculture contributes 23% to GDP in 2022 – Minister". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  11. ↑ Isaac, Nkechi (2022-09-16). "Agriculture Contributed 23.3% To National GDP In Q2 – Abubakar". Science Nigeria. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  12. ↑ "Agriculture contributes 23% to GDP in 2022 — Minister". NewsWireNGR. 2022-09-15. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  13. ↑ Ukpe, William (2022-08-26). "GDP: Nigeria's Agriculture sector grows by 1.20% in Q2 2022". Nairametrics. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  14. ↑ Olomola Ade S. (2007) “Strategies for Managing the Opportunities and Challenges of the Current Agricultural Commodity Booms in SSA” in Seminar Papers on Managing Commodity Booms in Sub-Saharan (:Africa: A Publication of the AERC Senior Policy Seminar IX. African Economic Research Consortium (AERC), Nairobi, Kenya
  15. ↑ Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep (2013). "Climate Change and Agriculture: A Review of Impacts and Adaptations". Climate Change Series 91 Environment Department Papers, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
  16. ↑ Olayide, Olawale Emmanuel; Tetteh, Isaac Kow; Popoola, Labode (December 2016). "Differential impacts of rainfall and irrigation on agricultural production in Nigeria: Any lessons for climate-smart agriculture?". Agricultural Water Management. 178: 30–36. Bibcode:2016AgWM..178...30O. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.08.034 . ISSN   0378-3774.
  17. ↑ "6 Agriculture Problems in Nigeria—and Solutions". agricdemy.com. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  18. ↑ "Economy". www.nigeriahc.org.uk. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  19. ↑ Obasanjo, Olusegun (1988). Africa Embattled. Ibadan: Fountain Publications. p. 79. ISBN   9782679364.
  20. ↑ Pasquini, MW; Alexander, MJ (2005). "Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating 'Empirical' and 'Scientific' knowledge in agricultural development". Geographical Journal. 171 (2): 112–124. Bibcode:2005GeogJ.171..112P. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x.
  21. ↑ "Nigeria - Agriculture". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
  22. ↑ "Nigeria's Agricultural Import Bill Surges 30% to N920 billion in Q1". 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-07-08.
  23. ↑ "Livestock Production in Nigeria - A thriving Industry". One Health and Development Initiative. 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  24. ↑ "Nigeria". www.ilri.org. 2023-08-07. Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  25. ↑ "Demand for farm animal products in Nigeria: An opportunity for Sahel Countries? - Inter-réseaux". www.inter-reseaux.org/ (in French). Retrieved 2023-08-24.
  26. ↑ Amadou, Hamadoun; Dossa, Luc Hippolyte; Lompo, Désiré Jean-Pascal; Abdulkadir, Aisha; Schlecht, Eva (2012-03-20). "A comparison between urban livestock production strategies in Burkina Faso, Mali and Nigeria in West Africa". Tropical Animal Health and Production. 44 (7): 1631–1642. doi:10.1007/s11250-012-0118-0. ISSN   0049-4747. PMC   3433665 . PMID   22430479.
  27. ↑ Aribido, S O; Bolorunduro, B I (2004-12-13). "Implications of Ecological Changes on Sustainable Livestock Production in the Lake Chad Basin of Nigeria". Tropical Journal of Animal Science. 6 (2). doi:10.4314/tjas.v6i2.31080. ISSN   1119-4308.
  28. 1 2 "Livestock Production in Nigeria - A thriving Industry". One Health and Development Initiative. 2020-10-07. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 "Demand for farm animal products in Nigeria: An opportunity for Sahel Countries?". inter-reseaux.org/ (in French). Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  30. ↑ "Nigeria". www.ilri.org. 2023-08-07. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  31. ↑ omotolani (2022-03-28). "Nigeria is the highest producer of yam, thanks to these states". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  32. ↑ "Top Taro Producing Countries In The World". WorldAtlas. 2017-11-28. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  33. ↑ "You are being redirected..." www.iita.org. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  34. ↑ "Sorghum Production by Country | World Agricultural Production 2022/2023". www.worldagriculturalproduction.com. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  35. ↑ "Sorghum Production by Country in 1000 MT - Country Rankings". www.indexmundi.com. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  36. ↑ "World Okra Production by Country". AtlasBig. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
  37. ↑ Nigeria production in 2018, by FAO
  38. ↑ Adesoji, Bamidele Samuel (2019-08-17). "Top 10 Agricultural Products Export from Nigeria". Nairametrics. Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  39. ↑ Adesoji, Bamidele Samuel (2019-09-25). "Nigeria's top 10 agricultural exports hit N152 billion in half-year 2019". Nairametrics. Retrieved 2021-03-21.
  40. 1 2 Nigeria agriculture
  41. 1 2 3 Verter, Nahanga (2015-05-01). "An Analysis of Yam Production in Nigeria". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 63 (2): 659–665. doi: 10.11118/actaun201563020659 .
  42. 1 2 "Nigeria Maize production, 1961-2017 - knoema.com". Knoema. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  44. 1 2 "Quandl". www.quandl.com. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  45. 1 2 "factfish Sorghum, production quantity for Nigeria". www.factfish.com. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  46. 1 2 Philip; Taylor, D; Sanni, L; Okechukwu, R; Ezedinma, Chuma; Akoroda, M; Lemchi, J; Ilona, Paul; Ogbe, F (2005-03-01). The Nigerian Cassava Industry Statistical Handbook. ISBN   978-978-131-268-7.
  47. ↑ "Nigeria Rice, paddy production, 1961-2017 - knoema.com". Knoema. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  48. 1 2 "factfish for Nigeria". www.factfish.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-19. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  49. 1 2 3 "factfish Taro, production quantity for Nigeria". www.factfish.com. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  50. ↑ Adole, Sharon (2012). Economic Analysis of Sesame Production Among Small-Holder Farmers in Benue State, Nigeria (Thesis). Ahmadu Bello University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  51. ↑ "The Performance of Rubber Exports in Nigeria" (PDF).
  52. ↑ "International Rubber Study Group - Nigeria". www.rubberstudy.org. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
  53. ↑ "Rubber in Nigeria". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved 2024-07-18.
  54. ↑ "Rubber in Nigeria". The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  55. ↑ "Rubber Tree Cultivation in Nigeria; The Investment Opportunity. « Foraminifera Market Research". foramfera.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  56. ↑ "Palm oil products". okomunigeria.com. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
  57. ↑ "Oil Palm". www.nifor.gov.ng. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  58. ↑ "As manufacturers order N241bn worth of palm oil". Businessday NG. 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  59. ↑ Odioko, Edafe; Becer, Zehra Arzu (March 2022). "The Economic Analysis of The Nigerian Fisheries Sector". Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences. doi:10.35229/jaes.1008836 . Retrieved July 16, 2024.
  60. 1 2 Blench, Roger (2006). Archaeology, language, and the African past. Altamira Press. ISBN   9780759104655.
  61. ↑ "Food Import Bill". Archived from the original on 2015-12-19. Retrieved 2015-11-11.
  62. ↑ Adesina, A. (2012, November 1). Agricultural Transformation Agenda: Repositioning agriculture to drive Nigeria’s economy. Retrieved from http://www.emrc.be/documents/document/20121205120841-agri2012-special_session-tony_bello-min_agric_nigeria.pdf Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
  63. ↑ "CBN and the Anchor Borrowers' ProgrammeE". ThisDayLive. 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2020-05-29.
  64. ↑ "Nigeria's border crisis fuelled by rice". BBC News. 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  65. ↑ "You are being redirected..." businessday.ng. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-26.
  66. ↑ "Tinubu Approves Temporary Import Duty Ban to Combat Food Inflation". Naijaecho.com.ng. 2024-07-14. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  67. ↑ "Tinubu employs N500 billion in remedies to combat hardship". Naijaecho.com.ng. 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  68. ↑ Ukpe, William (2020-10-01). "Nigeria @ 60: Agriculture and the way forward". Nairametrics. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  69. ↑ Gil, Juliana Dias Bernardes; Reidsma, Pytrik; Giller, Ken; Todman, Lindsay; Whitmore, Andrew; van Ittersum, Martin (July 2019). "Sustainable development goal 2: Improved targets and indicators for agriculture and food security". Ambio. 48 (7): 685–698. Bibcode:2019Ambio..48..685G. doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1101-4. ISSN   0044-7447. PMC   6509081 . PMID   30267284.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.