Beattie Park Mound Group | |
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| Location | Rockford, Winnebago County, Illinois, USA |
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| Coordinates | 42°16′27″N89°5′28″W / 42.27417°N 89.09111°W |
| Area | 7.5 acres (30,000 m2) |
| Built | c. 300-1100 C.E. |
| Architectural style | Effigy mound |
| NRHP reference No. | 91000084 |
| Added to NRHP | February 27, 1991 |
The Beattie Park Mound Group is a grouping of Late Woodland period Indian mounds located in downtown Rockford, Illinois, United States.
The Beattie Park Mound Group is located in downtown Rockford, Illinois' Beattie Park. It consists of three conical mounds (one outside the park boundaries), an effigy mound in the shape of a turtle, and a linear mound. [1] Beattie Park is north of Park Avenue and south of Mound Avenue, but there is one mound remnant in front of the house at 509 Indian Terrace. On its west, the park is bounded by Main Street and to its east lies the Rock River. [2] Mounds are the most visible evidence of cultures that lived for hundreds of years in the mix of biomes in northern Illinois. [3]
Mound groups in eastern North America are primarily located along waterways, as is the case with the Beattie Park Mounds. Effigy (animal-shaped) mounds are found in Wisconsin and adjoining parts of neighboring states south of the conifer hardwood forests and stretch from eastern Iowa to Lake Michigan [3]
The mounds and mound remnants in Beattie Park date from an era during the Late Woodland known as the Effigy mound Period. This period spanned from about 700-1100 C.E. in the Upper Mississippi River Valley in parts of Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. Native American Mound builders were not a single culture but several groups that interacted and made artifacts and structures such as mounds in similar ways. [3] The mounds in Beattie Park probably date from the early part of the time period 700-1100, when most of the effigy mounds seem to have been built.
The grouping represents the remnants of a cluster that originally included nine conical mounds, a linear mound, an earthen embankment, and two effigy mounds: a bird and a turtle. [2] Through the years, some of the mounds were destroyed or disturbed. When Sears now the home of Rockford Art Museum constructed a parking lot on North Main Street in the mid-1950s one of the conical mounds was destroyed. A bird effigy was destroyed when the North Main Manor apartment building was under construction across Park Avenue from the mounds. [2]
Effigy Mounds National Monument preserves more than 200 prehistoric mounds built by pre-Columbian Mound Builder cultures, mostly in the first millennium CE, during the later part of the Woodland period of pre-Columbian North America. Numerous effigy mounds are shaped like animals, including bears and birds.
The Great Serpent Mound is a 1,348-foot-long (411 m), three-foot-high prehistoric effigy mound located in Peebles, Ohio. It was built on what is known as the Serpent Mound crater plateau, running along the Ohio Brush Creek in Adams County, Ohio. The mound is the largest serpent effigy in the world.
Illinois Route 2 is a north–south state highway in northern Illinois. It currently starts at Illinois Route 40 in Sterling and ends at the Wisconsin state line in South Beloit, very near the intersection with U.S. Route 51, Illinois Route 75 and Illinois Route 251. Illinois 2 is 73.91 miles (118.95 km) long.
Lizard Mound State Park is a state park in the Town of Farmington, Washington County, Wisconsin near the city of West Bend. The park contains a significant well-preserved effigy mound group, representing one of the largest and best-preserved collections of such mounds in the state. Mounds in the park are the subject of at least two different listings on the National Register of Historic Places, one encompassing the park as a whole, and another which includes a larger set of regional mounds. Established in 1950, the park was acquired by Washington County from the state of Wisconsin in 1986, and was returned to the state in 2021. It is now managed by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
An effigy mound is a raised pile of earth built in the shape of a stylized animal, symbol, religious figure, human, or other figure. The Effigy Moundbuilder culture is primarily associated with the years 550–1200 CE during the Late Woodland Period, although radiocarbon dating has placed the origin of certain mounds as far back as 320 BCE.
The term Indian Mounds Park may refer to:
The archaeology of Iowa is the study of the buried remains of human culture within the U.S. state of Iowa from the earliest prehistoric through the late historic periods. When the American Indians first arrived in what is now Iowa more than 13,000 years ago, they were hunters and gatherers living in a Pleistocene glacial landscape. By the time European explorers visited Iowa, American Indians were largely settled farmers with complex economic, social, and political systems. This transformation happened gradually. During the Archaic period American Indians adapted to local environments and ecosystems, slowly becoming more sedentary as populations increased. More than 3,000 years ago, during the Late Archaic period, American Indians in Iowa began utilizing domesticated plants. The subsequent Woodland period saw an increase on the reliance on agriculture and social complexity, with increased use of mounds, ceramics, and specialized subsistence. During the Late Prehistoric period increased use of maize and social changes led to social flourishing and nucleated settlements. The arrival of European trade goods and diseases in the Protohistoric period led to dramatic population shifts and economic and social upheaval, with the arrival of new tribes and early European explorers and traders. During the Historical period European traders and American Indians in Iowa gave way to American settlers and Iowa was transformed into an agricultural state.
Cranberry Creek Archeological District, also known as Cranberry Creek Mound Group, is an ancient American Indian burial mound site from circa AD 100–800 near New Miner, Wisconsin, United States. It is three miles east of Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Juneau County. It is part of the "effigy mound culture" of native peoples in Wisconsin, who practiced the "respectful burial of their dead".
The Panther Intaglio Effigy Mound is a ground depression in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. The effigy is a reverse mound: a depression in the shape of a panther or water spirit scooped out by prehistoric Native Americans. In the mid-1800s ten of these reverse effigy mounds were found in Wisconsin, but all except this one have been destroyed. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.
The Gee's Slough Group of Indian Mounds, located along the Lemonweir River just outside of New Lisbon, Wisconsin, is listed on the US National Register of Historic Places. The New Lisbon area was a winter gathering place for the Woodland Culture Indians who are considered the ancestors to the Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) tribe.
Turkey River Mounds State Preserve is a historic site located near the unincorporated community of Millville, Iowa, United States. The 62-acre (25 ha) preserve contains thirty-eight of forty-three Native American mounds located on a narrow Paleozoic Plateau at the confluence of the Mississippi and Turkey rivers. They vary in size and shape and are 1.3 feet (0.40 m) to 6 feet (1.8 m) in height. The conical mounds range from 20 feet (6.1 m) to over 100 feet (30 m) in diameter. The linear mounds vary from 80 feet (24 m) to 175 feet (53 m) in length. There is one effigy mound in the shape of a panther that is 98 feet (30 m) long and 40 feet (12 m) wide. There are also compound mounds in the preserve. The mounds were constructed during the Woodland period. They were used for burials and ceremonial places, and are now protected by law. The preserve is also home to a variety of trees, prairie grasses and flowers.
The Vilas Park Mound Group is a group of Native American mounds in Vilas Park in Madison, Wisconsin. The group includes a bird effigy, a linear mound, and six conical mounds. It originally included another bird effigy and two additional conical mounds, but development destroyed these mounds and damaged two of the existing ones.
The Elmside Park Mounds are a group of Native American mounds in Elmside Park in Madison, Wisconsin. The group includes two animal-shaped effigy mounds; while their shapes are inconclusive, they have been described as a lynx and a bear. The mounds were once part of the Oakridge Mound Group, which included three other mounds, but the others were destroyed by home construction. Mound Builder peoples built the mounds in the Late Woodland period, likely between 800 and 1100 A.D., to serve as burial and ceremonial sites. The mounds may be the only remnant of a Late Woodland community on the northeast shore of Lake Monona and are archaeologically significant in the study of Late Woodland civilizations.
The Mills Woods Mound, also known as the Hudson Park Mound, is a Native American mound in Hudson Park in Madison, Wisconsin. It is an animal-shaped effigy mound with a long tail, though the exact animal it represents is unclear. The mound was once part of the large Mills Woods Mound Group, which included roughly thirty mounds of various shapes, but construction destroyed every other mound in the group. The mound group was built during the Late Woodland period, roughly between 800 and 1100 A.D., by a Mound Builder group; the Mound Builders used mounds for burials and ceremonial purposes. The mound is one of less than 60 effigy mounds remaining in Dane County, which once had 289 of the mounds, and has potential archaeological significance for the study of Late Woodland civilizations.
The Pflaum-McWilliams Mound Group, also known as the Edna Taylor Conservancy Mound Group, is a group of Native American mounds in Madison, Wisconsin. Located in the Edna Taylor Conservancy in southeast Madison, the group includes an animal effigy mound and six linear mounds. The linear mounds are unusually long compared to other surviving mounds in the Madison area; the longest is 484 feet (148 m), and several are over 200 feet (61 m) in length. While a number of the linear mounds have been damaged, the group is generally well-preserved. The mounds were built during the Late Woodland period, most likely between 800 and 1100 A.D., and were thought to have been used for ceremonial purposes.
Merrill Springs Mound Group II is a group of Native American mounds at 5030-5046 Lake Mendota Drive in Madison, Wisconsin. The group includes six to eight mounds and a nearby village site; it originally included up to 13-20 mounds, but many were destroyed by residential development in the area. It is one of four groups of mounds identified in an 1888 survey of the Merrill Springs resort area, which gives the group its name. The site includes two bear-shaped effigy mounds and an assortment of linear and conical mounds. The mounds were built by Late Woodland people between roughly 800 and 1100 A.D. The village site was also inhabited during the Late Woodland period, and projectile points and bones have been found there.
The Observatory Hill Mound Group is a group of Native American mounds on Observatory Hill on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The group consists of two effigy mounds, one in the shape of a bird and the other in the shape of a double-tailed turtle or water spirit. A panther effigy and a linear mound were once part of the group as well, but these were destroyed in the twentieth century. The mounds were built between 650 and 1200 A.D. by the Late Woodland people, who were responsible for building effigy mounds throughout Wisconsin.
The Monona Mound is a Native American mound at 4009 Monona Drive in Monona, Wisconsin. The mound has a club shape, with a cone at one end and a long linear tail. It was once part of a group with another club-shaped mound and two conical mounds, but the other mounds have been destroyed. The mound was built by Late Woodland people roughly between 700 and 1100 A.D. It may have been used to mark the spring equinox, as its orientation lines up with the sunset either the first or second day after the equinox.
The Siggelkow Park Mound Group is a group of Native American mounds in Siggelkow Park in McFarland, Wisconsin. The site includes one 225-foot (69 m) linear mound and the remnants of two other mounds. One of the remnants is on a neighboring residential property; while 57 feet (17 m) of the mound are still intact, the rest was destroyed by the residential development. The mounds were built during the Late Woodland period, roughly between 850 and 1200 A.D. Unlike many of the mounds in the Madison area, which were discovered during 19th century settlement by Europeans, the Siggelkow Park group was not studied until much later.
The Kingsley Bend Mound Group is a group of pre-Columbian Native American mounds along Wisconsin Highway 16 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. The site includes effigy mounds in the shape of a water spirit, a bird, and two bears, along with several linear and conical mounds. The mounds were built during the Late Woodland period between roughly 700 and 1000 A.D., the era in which most effigy mounds in Wisconsin were built. The site was maintained by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation as a wayside until 2006, when the Ho-Chunk Nation took ownership of the property.
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| South Appalachian Mississippian |
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| Plaquemine Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Caddoan Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Upper Mississippian cultures |
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