Chinese Garden[a] is a park in Jurong East, Singapore. Built in 1975 by the JTC Corporation, the Chinese Garden's concept is based on Chinese gardening art.[3] The main characteristic is the integration of architectural features with the natural environment.[4] The Chinese Garden is modelled along the northern Chinese imperial style of architecture and landscaping.[2] It is located next to Chinese Garden MRT station and connected to the adjacent Japanese Garden by two bridges.[5] Along with Japanese Garden and Lakeside Gardens, which was opened in 2019, the three gardens are collectively known as the Jurong Lake Gardens.[1]
Plans for the construction of Chinese Garden were first mentioned in 1968 by Woon Wah Siang, the chairman of the JTC Corporation.[6]Earthworks began in 1968 and planning of the design was finalized in 1970, with construction beginning in 1971. The garden was completed in 1975 at a cost of S$4.7million and was opened by then-Finance Minister Hon Sui Sen.[7]
In February 1989, the East Entrance was opened, following the opening of Chinese Garden MRT station, to ensure easy access for pedestrians visiting the gardens.[8] Chinese Garden was later closed from March to July 1989 to undergo renovation works.[9]
In 2014, a year-long "redecoration and refurbishment" project was launched. The areas to be repaired included the main entrance plaza, the pavilions, the pagodas, the Stone Boat, and footpaths. The repair works involved removing wood that had rotted or became infested by termites. This also included patching up spalling concrete and cracked walls, replacing broken and loose roof tiles, stopping water leakage, as well as replacing old electrical wiring, timber footpaths or rusted fittings.[2]
In May 2019, Chinese Garden and the adjacent Japanese Garden were closed for extensive renovation. The gardens reopened in September 2024 with a new aquatic garden with 150 different types of water lilies. A new exhibit, Sunken Garden, was also introduced that featured 200 types of epiphytes.[10] Previous features such as the Twin Pagoda, Grand Arch, and the Stone Boat were refurbished,[1] while others, such as the main building and courtyards, were demolished.
Features
Stone Lions
A pair of cloudy-grained marble stone lions at the main gates of the Chinese Garden, guarding the main gates of the garden. The marble stone used to sculpt the lions was imported from Taiwan.[11]
Bridge
White Rainbow Bridge, connecting the main entrance with the rest of garden.Bridge of Double Beauty, connecting the Chinese Garden to the Japanese Garden.
The 13-arch White Rainbow Bridge[b] at the garden follows the style of the Seventeen-Arch Bridge at the Summer Palace in Peking.[12]
In 1989, a second bridge, the Bridge of Double Beauty, was built, to connect the Chinese Garden with Japanese Garden.[13]
In the 2024 redevelopment, a third bridge, the Moonrise Bridge was built, serving as a second connection from Chinese Garden to Japanese Garden.
Grand Arch
The Grand Arch Building is a standard Chinese arch building. Inside, there were two courtyards, namely the “Early Spring Courtyard” and “Garden Courtyard”. Additionally, there was a fishpond in the centre, named the “Fish Paradise”.[12]
The main building within the Grand Arch, together with its courtyards, Chinese-style walls and moon gates, were demolished in the 2024 redevelopment and replaced with a mass-engineered timber structure. It now houses the Jurong Lake Gardens Gallery and a restaurant.
Stone Boat and Tea Pavilion
The design of the Stone Boat[c] in Chinese Garden incorporates the traditional Peking style, but with some adaptations in the design and usage of materials.[14]
The Tea Pavilion[d] features three pavilions inspired by the style of the elaborate, winding gallery at the Summer Palace.[15] This meandering design is a characteristic and graceful Chinese architectural feature.
Bamboo Grove and Waterfall
The Bamboo Grove and Waterfall
Built in the 2024 redevelopment, the Bamboo Grove pays homage to the rich cultural symbolism of bamboos in traditional Chinese culture, representing moral integrity, resilience, and elegance.[16]
The waterfall, located within the bamboo grove, helps to cool the surrounding area through the wind it generates.[17]
In ancient times, pagodas, originally simple tower structures located beside temples, were used for the storage of human ashes (in urns) by Buddhists.
The 7-storey Cloud Pagoda[e] is situated on a small hill in the Chinese Garden, known as the Cloud Pagoda Plateau[f].[18] Its typical pagoda design follows the style of Linggu Temple Pagoda at Nanjing.[19]
The pagoda is surrounded by 12 animal stone sculptures of the Chinese zodiac.[18]
Twin Pagodas
The twin pagodas
The Twin Pagodas[g] are designed based on the Spring and Autumn Pavilions in Taiwan. They consist of two three-story pagodas, namely the Cloud Draping Tower[h] and Moon Receiving Tower.[i][20]
The designs of the Twin Pagodas embody the Yin-Yang principle, with the broader tower representing Yang and the slender tower representing Yin.[20]
Bonsai Garden
Bonsai Garden
Opened in June 1992, the Suzhou-style Bonsai Garden cost an estimated $3.8 million to build. This 5,800-square-metre garden with Suzhou-style buildings (incorporating a main hall of 50 square metres) and landscape houses a collection of over 2,000 bonsais imported from China and other parts of the world.[21]
It is designed as the largest Suzhou-style Bonsai garden of its kind outside of China.[21]
Water Wall Court
Constructed during the 2024 redevelopment, the Water Wall Court features a courtyard and pavilion, surrounded by shallow pools and 3 metre-high water walls.[17]
Cascading Creek
Replacing the former Garden of Abundance in the 2024 redevelopment, the Cascading Creek is a riverine habitat showcasing Southeast Asian flora and fauna. It features a boardwalk trail with five stages: Fern Cascades, Hill Streams, Kasai Creek, Paperback Swamp, and Nypa Grove.[22]
Former features
Live Turtle and Tortoise Museum
The Live Turtle and Tortoise Museum
The Live Turtle and Tortoise Museum, a primary attraction in Chinese Garden, exhibits various species of turtles and tortoises.[23]
In 2019, the museum moved out from the gardens and relocated to Yishun; this was due to upgrading works carried out in the surrounding Jurong Lake District. The Chinese-style pavilion that once housed it was subsequently demolished.
Garden of Abundance
The original name of this garden was the Zodiac & Pomegranate Garden, derived from the elements used for the construction of the garden. It consisted of pomegranate trees, the 12 Chinese Zodiac animals sculpture, a sundial, stone bridges and planting of materials.[23]
100-year-old pomegranate trees from Shantung, China were planted into the garden.[23] They sat among the 12 Chinese Zodiac Animal sculptures.[24]
The Garden of Abundance was replaced by the Harvest Moon Terrace, Cascading Creek and Cascade Pavilion in the 2024 redevelopment. The 12 Zodiac animal sculptures were relocated below the Cloud Pagoda.
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