GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved P-loop "G domain", a protein domain common to many GTPases.
Small GTPases, also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins, but unlike the alpha subunit of G proteins, a small GTPase can function independently as a hydrolase enzyme to bind to and hydrolyze a guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to form guanosine diphosphate (GDP). The best-known members are the Ras GTPases and hence they are sometimes called Ras subfamily GTPases.
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine. GDP consists of a pyrophosphate group, a pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine.
Ran also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene. Ran is a small 25 kDa protein that is involved in transport into and out of the cell nucleus during interphase and also involved in mitosis. It is a member of the Ras superfamily.
In enzymology, a succinate—CoA ligase (GDP-forming) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Rho GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ARHGAP1 gene.
In enzymology, a trimetaphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a GTP cyclohydrolase II (EC 3.5.4.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an ATP phosphoribosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a guanylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a mRNA guanylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate-adenylate kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate-aldose-1-phosphate nucleotidyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Rac2 is a small signaling G protein, and is a member of the Rac subfamily of the family Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RAC2.
Ran GTPase-activating protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RANGAP1 gene.
Ran-specific binding protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RANBP1 gene.
Obg-like ATPase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OLA1 gene. Ola1 belongs to the protein family of Obg-like GTPases but defines an exceptional example of a protein that has evolved altered nucleotide specificity and binds adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with higher affinity than guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.55, MutT, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase, 8-oxo-dGTPase, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-dGTP pyrophosphohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
Sylvy Kornberg née Sylvia Ruth Levy (1917–1986) was an American biochemist who carried out research on DNA replication and polyphosphate synthesis. She discovered and characterized polyphosphate kinase (PPK), an enzyme that helps build long chains of phosphate groups called polyphosphate (PolyP) that play a variety of metabolic and regulatory functions. She worked closely with her husband and research partner, Arthur Kornberg, contributing greatly to the characterization of DNA polymerization that earned him the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
