Epsom (New Zealand electorate)

Last updated

Epsom
Single-member constituency
for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Epsom electorate, 2014.svg
Location of Epsomwithin Auckland
Region Auckland
Area20.02 km2 (7.73 sq mi)
Current constituency
Current MP David Seymour
Party ACT
List MPs Camilla Belich (Labour)
Paul Goldsmith (National)
Tanya Unkovich (NZ First)
Lawrence Xu-Nan (Green)

Epsom is a New Zealand electorate in Auckland, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. Since the 2014 general election, Epsom has been represented by David Seymour, the leader of the ACT Party.

Contents

Epsom has been an important electorate in New Zealand politics as, since 2005, it has allowed the ACT Party to gain seats in parliament without meeting the five percent party vote threshold as the party leaders David Seymour, John Banks and Rodney Hide have each won the electorate.

Population centres

Epsom is based around central and eastern Auckland isthmus. It contains the suburbs of Parnell, Remuera, Mount Eden, Newmarket, half of Greenlane and the eponymous suburb of Epsom. Under boundary changes resulting from the 2006 census, Epsom was enlarged to include the central city suburb of Grafton, but most of the area was lost again following the 2013 census. It is New Zealand's smallest electorate, covering just 20 km2 (8 sq mi). [1]

Epsom was created ahead of the first Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) election in 1996, carved out of the Remuera and Eden seats. Remuera was a safe seat for the National Party, having never elected a member of parliament from the Labour Party, while Eden was a bellwether seat, changing hands with the change of government. Both of these seats were held by National MPs – Christine Fletcher in Eden and Doug (later Sir Douglas) Graham in Remuera.

The electorate's population is predominantly European New Zealanders with a significant Asian population. The median household income is $118,300 – the highest of all New Zealand electorates. [1]

History

The Epsom seat was first contested in New Zealand's first MMP election in 1996. The National party candidate was Christine Fletcher; she came out of the election with the nation's biggest personal majority: a 19,000 vote margin over the second placed Labour candidate, Helen Duncan.

With Fletcher standing down at the 1999 election to focus on her role as the newly elected Mayor of Auckland, the electorate battle was a contest between new National candidate Richard Worth and ACT List MP Rodney Hide. Worth won the seat by approximately 1,900 votes. In 2002, he easily retained Epsom, with other parties contesting only the party vote.

The 2005 race for Epsom was won by Rodney Hide [2] after a tough contest for the personal vote. As the leader of ACT, Hide was determined to contest Epsom in order to guarantee his party's representation in the next parliament, should ACT not break the five percent threshold – under New Zealand electoral law, a party can gain representation by either getting five percent of the vote or by winning one or more electoral seats.

As it became more likely ACT would not break five percent, the campaign in Epsom became more intense, with Hide lobbying voters to vote strategically to keep ACT in Parliament, a message that ultimately prevailed, with National MP Richard Worth, defeated by 3,102 votes on election night and returned to Parliament via the National Party list. Hide's win in Epsom also allowed ACT member Heather Roy to enter parliament.

Hide increased his majority in 2008, and winning Epsom allowed four other ACT MPs to enter parliament. But Hide stepped down as ACT leader in April 2011 after succumbing to a leadership challenge from Don Brash. [3] The ACT party selected former Auckland Mayor John Banks as their candidate for the 2011 election, who won the contest. [4]

In 2013, John Banks announced that he would leave Parliament at the 2014 election, and so would not contest the Epsom electorate. After being found guilty at trial for electoral fraud, he announced his resignation effective 13 June 2014, leaving the Epsom seat vacant. [5] Due to the proximity of the next general election, Parliament voted by supermajority to avoid a by-election. [6]

Members of Parliament

Key

  National   ACT   Labour   Green

ElectionWinner
1996 election Christine Fletcher
1999 election Richard Worth
2002 election
2005 election Rodney Hide
2008 election
2011 election John Banks
2014 election David Seymour
2017 election
2020 election
2023 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Epsom electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

ElectionRepresentatives
1998 Helen Duncan [lower-roman 1]
1999 election Rodney Hide
2002 election Rodney Hide
Keith Locke
2005 election Keith Locke
Richard Worth
2008 election Keith Locke
Richard Worth [lower-roman 2]
2011 election Paul Goldsmith
David Parker
2014 election Julie Anne Genter
Paul Goldsmith
2017 election Paul Goldsmith
David Parker
2020 election Paul Goldsmith
Camilla Belich
2023 election Paul Goldsmith
Camilla Belich [lower-roman 3]
Tanya Unkovich
2024 Lawrence Xu-Nan [lower-roman 4]
  1. Replaced Jill White as list MP
  2. Resigned June 2009, list place taken by Cam Calder
  3. Replaced Andrew Little as list MP, who resigned on 5 December 2023
  4. Replaced Efeso Collins as list MP, who died on 21 February 2024

Election results

2023 election

2023 general election: Epsom [7]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT Green check.svgY David Seymour 17,82644.43-2.545,04112.40+2.04
National Paul Goldsmith 9,68424.14+8.7320,94851.54+14.27
Labour Camilla Belich 6,18915.42-9.335,94514.62-21.25
Green Lawrence Xu-Nan 3,5378.81+1.345,50713.55+2.62
Opportunities Nina Su1,8034.49+2.351,3073.21+1.26
NZ First Tanya Unkovich 5731.421,0592.60+1.16
New Zealand Loyal Anna Rotheray1640.401230.30
Te Pāti Māori  2990.73+0.48
NewZeal  760.18−+0.12
Legalise Cannabis  660.16
Freedoms NZ  340.08
New Conservatives  280.06-0.44
Women's Rights  260.06
DemocracyNZ  160.03
New Nation  50.01
Leighton Baker Party  20.00
Informal votes339109
Total valid votes40,11540,637
ACT holdMajority8,14220.29-1.93

2020 election

2020 general election: Epsom [8]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT Green check.svgY David Seymour 19,50046.97+3.804,35510.36+8.58
Labour Camilla Belich 10,27624.75+6.2615,07835.87+11.32
National Paul Goldsmith 6,39715.41−13.3215,66837.27−21.37
Green Kyle MacDonald3,1017.47+0.194,59610.93+2.56
Opportunities Adriana Christie8892.148221.95+1.75
TEA Noel Jiang3370.811120.26
New Conservative Norman Sutton2310.79+0.192110.50+0.30
Advance NZ Faith-Joy Aaron1660.391470.34
Sustainable NZ Shannon Withers720.17300.07
Outdoors Maia Prochazka310.0770.01−0.19
Not A Party Finn Harris240.05
NZ First  6091.44−1.71
Māori Party  1080.25−0.07
Legalise Cannabis  380.08−0.02
ONE  270.06
Social Credit  80.01
Vision NZ  80.01
Heartland  60.01
Informal votes484203
Total valid votes41,50842,031
Turnout 42,31182.84 [9] +3.17
ACT holdMajority9,22422.22+7.78

2017 election

2017 general election: Epsom [10]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT Green check.svgY David Seymour 16,50543.17+0.096961.78−0.94
National Paul Goldsmith 10,98628.73−2.8722,87558.64−4.41
Labour David Parker 7,06718.49+9.139,57524.55+11.16
Green Barry Coates 2,7857.28−0.873,2638.37−4.13
NZ First Julian Paul6571.72+0.221,2293.15−0.32
Conservative Leighton Baker 2300.60−4.05800.20−2.27
Opportunities  1,0432.67
Māori Party  1240.32−0.14
Legalise Cannabis  380.10−0.10
People's Party  340.09
United Future  240.06−0.10
Ban 1080  90.020.00
Democrats  70.02−0.01
Outdoors  70.02
Internet  60.02−0.81 [lower-alpha 1]
Mana Party  60.02−0.81 [lower-alpha 2]
Informal votes31776
Total valid votes38,23039,008
Turnout 39,42279.67 [11] +1.58
ACT holdMajority5,51914.44+3.16

2014 election

2014 general election: Epsom [12]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT David Seymour 15,96643.08−1.021,0232.72+0.17
National Paul Goldsmith 11,71631.61−6.1923,90463.45−1.07
Labour Michael Wood 3,4709.36−1.095,04513.39−2.16
Green Julie Anne Genter 3,0218.15+2.144,70612.49+0.46
Conservative Christine Rankin 1,7254.65+3.709322.47+1.35
NZ First Cliff Lyon6211.68+1.681,3083.47+0.86
Mana Patrick O'Dea1060.29+0.11
Independent Grace Haden590.16+0.16
Independent Matthew Goode370.10−0.06
Independent Susanna Kruger310.08+0.08
Independent Adam Holland210.06+0.06
Internet Mana  3120.83+0.67 [lower-alpha 3]
Māori Party  1740.46−0.13
Legalise Cannabis  760.20−0.12
United Future  610.16−0.16
Civilian  170.05+0.05
Democrats  100.03+0.01
Ban 1080  70.02+0.02
Focus  40.01+0.01
Independent Coalition  30.01+0.01
Informal votes28693
Total valid votes37,05937,675
Turnout 37,76878.09+2.36
ACT holdMajority4,25011.28+4.98

2011 election

2011 general election: Epsom [4]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT John Banks 15,83544.10-11.969392.55-3.67
National Paul Goldsmith 13,57437.80+15.9623,72564.52+1.93
Labour David Parker 3,75110.45-3.135,71615.55-4.54
Green David Hay2,1606.01-1.394,42412.03+5.10
Conservative Simon Kan3420.95+0.954121.12+1.12
Independent Penny Bright 1240.35+0.35
Mana Patrick O'Dea660.18+0.18910.16+0.16
Independent Matthew Goode590.16+0.16
NZ First  9592.61+1.16
Māori Party  2170.59+0.01
Legalise Cannabis  1180.32+0.14
United Future  1160.32-0.35
Libertarianz  310.08+0.03
Alliance  120.03-0.001
Democrats  90.02+0.01
Informal votes443160
Total valid votes35,91136,769
ACT holdMajority2,2616.30-27.92

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 48,761 [13]

2008 election

2008 general election: Epsom [14]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT Green check.svgY Rodney Hide 21,10256.06+13.442,3896.22+2.83
National Richard Worth 8,22021.84-12.1124,03062.60+4.09
Labour Kate Sutton5,11213.58-3.577,71120.09-7.14
Green Keith Locke 2,7877.40+3.182,6626.93+1.60
United Future Janet Tuck1630.43-0.522580.67-1.07
Kiwi Grace Haden1140.30800.21
RAM Rafe Copeland790.21270.07
Human Rights Andrena Bishop680.18+0.09
NZ First  5571.45-0.98
Māori Party  2220.58+0.28
Progressive  1330.35-0.22
Bill and Ben  1200.31
Legalise Cannabis  700.18-0.11
Family Party  670.17
Libertarianz  190.05-0.01
Alliance  130.03+0.00
Workers Party  130.03
Pacific  100.03
Democrats  60.02-0.00
RONZ  20.01+0.00
Informal votes25996
Total valid votes37,64538,389
ACT holdMajority12,88234.22+25.55

2005 election

2005 general election: Epsom [15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
ACT Rodney Hide 15,25142.621,2373.40
National Red x.svgN Richard Worth 12,14933.9521,31058.51
Labour Stuart Nash 6,13817.159,91527.22
Green Keith Locke 1,5134.231,9415.33
United Future Janet Tuck3400.956361.75
Progressive Fatima Ashrafi1490.422050.56
Destiny Rod Gabb1140.32660.18
Direct Democracy Tin Yau Chan970.2790.02
Independent Anthony Van Den Heuvel340.10
NZ First  8872.44
Māori Party  1070.29
Christian Heritage  330.09
Legalise Cannabis  250.07
Libertarianz  200.05
Alliance  110.03
99 MP  60.02
Democrats  60.02
Family Rights  30.01
One NZ  30.01
RONZ  10.003
Informal votes24594
Total valid votes35,78536,421
ACT gain from National Majority3,1028.67

2002 election

2002 general election: Epsom
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Richard Worth 13,56342.69+5.869,49929.24-13.96
Labour Di Nash7,94425.009,32828.72+3.37
ACT Rodney Hide 7,05922.22-8.936,65220.48+4.08
Green Keith Locke 1,8315.762,1616.65+0.90
United Future Cindy Ruakere7312.301,8575.72
Christian Heritage Tony Molloy3291.042090.64-0.49
Alliance Julie Fairey 3171.003321.02-2.33
NZ First  1,9946.14+3.83
Progressive  2540.78
Legalise Cannabis  900.28-0.23
ORNZ  830.26
One NZ  120.040.00
Mana Māori  60.020.00
NMP  40.01-0.01
Informal votes40972
Total valid votes31,77432,481
National holdMajority5,61917.69+12.01

1999 election

1999 general election: Epsom [16] [17]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Richard Worth 12,36236.8314,62643.20+2.11
ACT Rodney Hide 10,45331.155,55116.40-5.64
Labour David Jacobs6,81520.318,58325.35+6.19
Green Janet McVeagh 1,6014.771,9465.75
Alliance Mark O'Brien8952.671,1333.35-1.10
Christian Heritage Ewen McQueen 4551.36-0.24 [lower-alpha 4] 3811.13
NZ First Brent Catchpole 3841.147832.31-3.40
Legalise Cannabis Caleb Armstrong2870.861710.51-0.67
McGillicuddy Serious Worik Turei Stanton1350.40540.16-0.09
Independent Michael MacDonald1190.35
Natural Law Ray Cain560.17370.11-0.04
Christian Democrats  2290.68
United NZ  1910.56-0.69
Libertarianz  800.24+0.08
Animals First  430.13-0.02
One NZ  150.04
Mauri Pacific  80.02
Mana Māori  70.02-0.01
NMP  70.02
Republican  60.02
South Island  20.01
The People's Choice  10.00
Freedom Movement  00.00
Informal votes470177
Total valid votes33,56133,854
National holdMajority1,9085.68

1996 election

1996 general election: Epsom [18] [19] [20]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Christine Fletcher 25,21769.9514,87041.09
Labour Helen Duncan 4,57512.696,93519.16
Alliance Mary Tierney1,7874.961,6114.45
NZ First Gavin Logan1,3423.722,0675.71
ACT John Boscawen 1,1343.157,97622.04
Christian Coalition Ewen McQueen 5771.601,1163.08
Libertarianz Lindsay Perigo 5341.48580.16
Progressive Green Rob Fenwick 3601.001490.41
McGillicuddy Serious Kerry Hoole2470.69910.25
Green Society Sam Cunningham1120.31540.15
Natural Law Bryan Lee890.25530.15
United NZ Bryan Mockridge780.224511.25
Legalise Cannabis  4271.18
Ethnic Minority Party 2190.61
Animals First  530.15
Advance New Zealand 170.05
Superannuitants & Youth  150.04
Asia Pacific United 110.03
Mana Māori  110.03
Conservatives  80.02
Te Tawharau 00.00
Informal votes23292
Total valid votes36,05236,192
National win new seatMajority20,64257.26

Footnotes

  1. 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
  2. 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
  3. 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
  4. Percentage change calculated as a candidate for the Christian Coalition Party in the 1996 election

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References

  1. 1 2 "Epsom – Electorate Profile". Parliamentary Library. September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
  2. "Hon Rodney Hide". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
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