Mount Albert (New Zealand electorate)

Last updated

Mount Albert
Single-member constituency
for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Mount Albert electorate, 2014.svg
Location of within Auckland
Region Auckland
Current constituency
Created1946
Current MP Jacinda Ardern
Party Labour

Mount Albert (abbreviated as Mt Albert) is a parliamentary electorate based around the suburb of Mount Albert in Auckland, New Zealand, returning one member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Representatives. It has elected only Labour Party MPs since it was first contested at the 1946 election. The incumbent MP is Jacinda Ardern, formerly Prime Minister of New Zealand, who was first elected in a 2017 by-election. [1] The electorate was previously represented by David Shearer from 13 June 2009 to 31 December 2016; it was represented by Helen Clark from the 1981 general election until her resignation from Parliament on 17 April 2009.

Contents

The area that the electorate contains is notable for having produced three Labour prime ministers – Michael Joseph Savage, who represented the Auckland West electorate that Mt Albert was created out of in 1946; Helen Clark; and Jacinda Ardern. Additionally, David Shearer served as Labour Party leader in opposition. [2] Warren Freer, who represented the electorate from 1947 to 1981, served as acting prime minister on three occasions. [3]

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including Mount Albert. [4]

Mount Albert covers a segment of the western Auckland isthmus, based around the suburb of Mount Albert and stretching from Kingsland on the eastern periphery of the central city down to Sandringham and extending as far as Avondale on the seat's western edge. Changes brought about by an electoral redistribution after the 2006 census saw a swap of suburbs with neighbouring Auckland Central – Newton on the city fringe being returned to Auckland Central, having been moved out in 1999, and Point Chevalier being drafted in.

The present incarnation of Mount Albert dates to 1999, when the creation of the Mount Roskill seat necessitated removing the suburbs clustered around the north side of Manukau Harbour from the Owairaka electorate. The name Mount Albert had been out of use for only three years – before Owairaka was drawn up ahead of the change to Mixed Member Proportional voting in 1996, the Mount Albert electorate had been part of the New Zealand electoral landscape for fifty years.

History

Mount Albert was first created for the 1946 election. [5] The electorate is known for being contested by three later prime ministers, Robert Muldoon, Helen Clark and Jacinda Ardern.

The first representative, Arthur Shapton Richards, died after only one year in the office. [6]

Richards was succeeded by Warren Freer in the 1947 by-election, and Freer held the electorate until he retired in 1981. [7] Freer was challenged in the 1954 election by National's Muldoon (Prime Minister from 1975 to 1984). This occasion was Muldoon's first attempt at entering Parliament. [8] He tried to claim the seat from Labour, but no National Party candidate has ever managed to achieve what Muldoon also couldn't do. Mount Albert's inner-suburb, working-class composition makes it one of the Labour Party's safest seats. Muldoon had also previously in 1951, failed to win the National nomination for the Mount Albert electorate. [8]

Freer was succeeded by Helen Clark, [9] who held the electorate until 1996, when it was abolished and she moved to the Owairaka electorate instead. When the Mount Albert electorate was re-established for the 1999 election, Clark became the representative again. Clark was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2008. In 2009, she resigned to become head of the United Nations Development Programme. [10]

Clark was succeeded by David Shearer through the 13 June 2009 by-election. He was re-elected as MP in the 2011 and 2014 general elections. His appointment to lead the United Nation's peacekeeping mission in South Sudan resulted in a by-election in early 2017. [11] After the by-election, Jacinda Ardern became the new representative for the electorate, and became Labour leader 8 weeks before the 2017 election after Andrew Little stepped down as Labour leader. Ardern also moved electorate from Auckland Central, and won the Mt. Albert MP role in the 2017 election.

Members of Parliament

Key

  Labour   

ElectionWinner
1946 election Arthur Shapton Richards
1947 by-election Warren Freer
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election Helen Clark
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election
(Electorate abolished 1996–1999), see Owairaka)
1999 election Helen Clark (2nd period)
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2009 by-election David Shearer
2011 election
2014 election
2017 by-election Jacinda Ardern
2017 election
2020 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Mount Albert electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  National     Green   

ElectionWinner
2011 election David Clendon
Melissa Lee
2014 election Melissa Lee
2017 election Julie Anne Genter
Melissa Lee
2020 election Melissa Lee

Election results

2020 election

2020 general election: Mount Albert [12]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY Jacinda Ardern 29,23870.72+6.8120,26548.60+5.41
National Melissa Lee 7,99219.33–4.627,76918.63–15.19
Green Luke Wijohn 2,2995.56−0.828,31119.93+5.34
Opportunities Cameron Lord9032.18−0.231.0482.51–0.44
New Conservative Daniel Reurich3160.76+0.462410.58+0.42
Human Rights PartyAnthony Van den Heuvel870.21+0.14
ACT  2,4855.96+5.37
NZ First  7601.82–1.60
Māori Party  2050.49+0.04
Advance NZ  1410.34—
Legalise Cannabis  830.20+0.04
TEA  410.10—
ONE  340.08—
Sustainable NZ  220.05—
Outdoors  160.04—
Vision New Zealand  110.02—
Social Credit  40.009–0.001
Heartland  30.007–
Informal votes507258
Total Valid votes41,34241,697
Turnout  ? ? ?
Labour holdMajority21,24651.39+11.43

2017 election

2017 general election: Mount Albert [13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY Jacinda Ardern 24,41663.91+5.7416,74243.19+13.88
National Melissa Lee 9,15223.95−4.6613,11233.82−5.56
Green Julie Anne Genter 2,4386.38−2.365,65714.59−7.09
Opportunities Dan Thurston9242.41-1,1442.95—
NZ First Andrew Littlejohn7241.89—1,3293.42−0.68
Conservative Jeff Johnson1170.30−1.16650.16−1.79
Independent Bruce Stockman660.17—
Human Rights PartyAnthony Van den Heuvel280.07−0.14
ACT  2290.59−0.47
Māori Party  1750.45−0.03
Legalise Cannabis  630.16−0.09
People's Party  310.07—
United Future  220.05−0.10
Outdoors  170.04—
Internet  120.04—
Mana  80.02—
Ban 1080  60.01−0.02
Democrats  20.01−0.01
Informal votes334146
Total Valid votes38,19938,760
Turnout 38,760
Labour holdMajority15,26439.96+10.40

2017 by-election

The following table shows the final results: [14]

2017 Mount Albert by-election

Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election.
Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Jacinda Ardern 10,49576.89
Green Julie Anne Genter 1,56411.45
Opportunities Geoff Simmons 6234.56
People's Party Vin Tomar2181.59
Socialist Aotearoa Joe Carolan1891.38
Independent Penny Bright 1391.01
Legalise Cannabis Abe Gray 970.71
Independent Adam Amos810.59
Independent Dale Arthur540.39
Human Rights PartyAnthony Van den Heuvel340.24
Independent Peter Wakeman300.21
Not A Party Simon Smythe190.13
Communist League Patrick Brown160.11
Informal votes900.65
Total Valid votes13,64930.00
Labour holdMajority8,93165.43

2014 election

2014 general election: Mount Albert [15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY David Shearer 20,97058.17−1.0210,82329.31−7.78
National Melissa Lee 10,31428.61+1.1114,35938.89+2.22
Green Jeanette Elley3,1528.74−0.758,00521.68+4.53
Conservative Jeff Johnson5251.46−1.037191.95+0.34
ACT Tommy Fergusson3210.89−0.453560.96+0.03
Mana Joe Carolan2900.80+0.80
Human Rights PartyAnthony van den Heuvel760.21+0.21
Independent Michael Wackrow680.19+0.19
NZ First  1,5124.10−0.43
Internet Mana  6031.63+1.05 [lower-alpha 1]
Māori Party  1780.48−0.04
Legalise Cannabis  930.25−0.16
United Future  570.15−0.20
Ban 1080  120.03+0.03
Civilian  110.03+0.03
Democrats  70.02±0.00
Focus  60.02+0.02
Independent Coalition  50.01+0.01
Informal votes336176
Total Valid votes36,05236,922
Turnout 36,92279.41+6.42
Labour holdMajority10,65629.56−2.13

2011 election

2011 general election: Mount Albert [16]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY David Shearer 18,71659.19-0.1012,23837.09-5.51
National Melissa Lee 8,69527.50-1.3512,10236.67+1.01
Green David Clendon 3,0009.49+3.555,66017.15+6.15
Conservative Frank Poching7862.49+2.495321.61+1.61
ACT Stephen Boyle4251.34-2.753060.93-2.58
NZ First  1,4944.53+1.85
Mana  1910.58-+0.58
Māori Party  1720.52-0.26
Legalise Cannabis  1350.41+0.12
United Future  1140.35-0.32
Libertarianz  290.09+0.04
Alliance  210.06+0.01
Democrats  50.02-0.005
Informal votes969272
Total Valid votes31,62232,999
Labour holdMajority10,02131.69+1.24

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,208 [17]

2009 by-election

2009 Mount Albert by-election

Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list prior to the by-election.
Yellow background denotes the winner of the by-election, who was a list MP prior to the by-election.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour David Shearer 13,26063.49+4.20
National Melissa Lee a3,54216.96-11.88
Green Russel Norman a2,56712.29+6.35
ACT John Boscawen a9684.63+0.54
Bill and Ben Ben Boyce 1580.76
Legalise Cannabis Dakta Green 920.44
Kiwi Simonne Dyer910.44
United Future Judy Turner 890.43
Libertarianz Julian Pistorius390.19
Independent Jim Bagnell240.11
Independent Ari Baker150.07
Human Rights Anthony Van den Heuvel130.06
People Before ProfitMalcom France130.06
Independent Jackson James Wood90.04
People's Choice Rusty Kane50.02
Informal votes58
Total Valid votes20,885
Labour holdMajority9,71846.40+4.02

a Three candidates were list MPs elected at the 2008 election.

2008 election

2008 general election: Mount Albert [18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY Helen Clark 20,15759.29-7.2614,89442.60-11.73
National Ravi Musuku9,80628.84+9.2112,46835.66+9.31
Green Jon Carapiet2,0195.94+1.223,84611.00+1.73
ACT Kathleen McCabe1,3924.09+1.721,2273.51+1.49
Kiwi Christian Dawson2490.731570.45
Pacific Milo Siilata2340.692730.78
Human Rights Anthony van den Heuvel870.26
RONZ Dave Llewell530.16+0.16160.05+0.03
NZ First  9362.68-0.70
Māori Party  2730.78-0.26
Progressive  2440.70
United Future  2320.66
Bill and Ben  1320.38
Legalise Cannabis  1010.29
Family Party  920.26
Alliance  190.05
RAM  190.05
Libertarianz  160.05
Workers Party  110.03
Democrats  70.02
Informal votes410256
Total Valid votes33,99734,963
Labour holdMajority10,351

2005 election

2005 general election: Mount Albert [19]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY Helen Clark 20,91866.55-1.9417,50154.33+2.53
National Ravi Musuku6,16919.638,48826.35+13.33
Green Jon Carapiet1,4854.72-0.672,9859.27-1.35
NZ First Julian Batchelor7462.371,0893.38-3.01
ACT David Seymour 7462.376512.02-5.09
United Future Tony Gordon5291.686492.01-3.28
Progressive Jenny Wilson4071.295251.59-0.10
Destiny Anne Williamson3371.071570.49
Independent Jim Bagnall830.26
Anti-Capitalist Alliance Daphna Whitmore790.25-0.15
Independent Anthony Ravlich470.15
Direct Democracy Howard Ponga300.10100.03
Independent Erik Taylor290.09
Māori Party  1680.52
Legalise Cannabis  430.13-0.40
Christian Heritage  400.12-0.89
Alliance  220.07-1.69
Family Rights  200.06
Libertarianz  190.06
RONZ  80.02
99 MP  60.02
Democrats  30.01
One NZ  00.00-0.01
Informal votes316130
Total Valid votes31,74732,342
Labour holdMajority14,749

2002 election

2002 general election: Mount Albert [20]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Green check.svgY Helen Clark 19,51468.4915,02151.80
National Raewyn Bhana3,49012.243,77713.02
ACT Bruce Williams1,5505.442,0637.11
Green Jon Carapiet1,5375.393,08010.62
United Future Hassan Hosseini7262.541,5345.29
Christian Heritage Pauline G. Cooper4261.492951.01
Alliance Jill Ovens 3341.174941.70
Progressive Gillian Dance2991.044911.69
Legalise Cannabis Daphna Whitmore1160.401150.53
Independent Rick Stevenson520.18
NZ First  1,8556.39
ORNZ  980.33
Mana Māori Movement  60.02
One NZ  40.01
NMP  40.01
Informal votes447160
Total Valid votes28,49128,997
Labour holdMajority16,02456.24

1999 election

1999 general election: Mount Albert [21] [22]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
Labour Helen Clark 18,98264.3715,32751.37
National Noelene Buckland5,87419.926,82322.87
Alliance Jill Ovens 1,1393.862,1467.19
ACT Daniel King1,0623.601,7765.95
Green Mike Johnson1,0323.501,6755.61
Christian Heritage Diane Taylor6582.235421.82
NZ First Seini Mafi4031.376942.33
McGillicuddy Serious Kerry Hoole1930.65290.65
United NZ Hassan Hosseini1240.421860.62
Republican Jane Hotere230.0830.01
Legalise Cannabis  1860.62
Libertarianz  580.19
Animals First  460.15
Mauri Pacific  140.05
Natural Law  120.04
One NZ  90.03
Mana Māori Movement  70.02
South Island  60.02
NMP  30.01
The People's Choice  10.003
Informal votes656309
Total Valid votes29,49029,837
Labour win new seatMajority13,10844.45

1993 election

1993 general election: Mount Albert [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Helen Clark 9,546 49.41 +5.93
National Vanessa Brown4,89025.31
Alliance Doug McGee2,87314.87
NZ First Elizabeth Anderson1,3707.09
Christian Heritage Jens Meder2591.34
McGillicuddy Serious KT Julian1951.00
Workers Rights Ivan Sowry970.50
Natural Law Stewart Sanson620.32
Defence MovementAnthony Van Den Heuvel250.12
Majority4,65624.10+17.35
Turnout 19,31783.45+1.26
Registered electors 23,146

1990 election

1990 general election: Mount Albert [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Helen Clark 7,914 43.48 -18.77
National Larry Belshaw6,68436.72
Green Harry Parke1,7749.74
NewLabour Jennie Walker1,4187.79
McGillicuddy Serious Adrian Holroyd1510.82
Social Credit Richard Povall1330.73
Democrats Syd Leach1270.69
Majority1,2306.75-23.68
Turnout 18,20182.19-1.83
Registered electors 22,143

1987 election

1987 general election: Mount Albert [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Helen Clark 11,326 62.25 +5.51
National Rob Wheeler5,98932.91
Democrats Gillian Dance8614.73
Independent Malcolm Moses170.09
Majority5,53730.43+1.64
Turnout 18,19384.02-5.80
Registered electors 21,653

1984 election

1984 general election: Mount Albert [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Helen Clark 12,231 56.74 +5.42
National Rod Cavanagh6,02427.94
NZ Party Michelle Gonsalves2,39011.08
Social Credit Douglas McGee9084.21
Majority6,20728.79+8.80
Turnout 21,55389.82+3.48
Registered electors 23,995

1981 election

1981 general election: Mount Albert [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Helen Clark 10,027 51.32
National Warren Moyes6,12031.32
Social Credit Harold Dance3,39117.35+5.84
Majority3,90719.99
Turnout 19,53886.34+2.00
Registered electors 22,627

1978 election

1978 general election: Mount Albert [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 9,718 47.55 +2.40
National Frank Ryan 7,99439.11-4.74
Social Credit Harold Dance2,35311.51
Values Sheelah Chalken3711.81
Majority2,86113.99+12.64
Turnout 20,43684.34-5.07
Registered electors 24,229

1975 election

1975 general election: Mount Albert [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 8,231 45.15 -11.04
National Frank Ryan 7,99443.85
Values Barrie McKay1,0605.81
Social Credit Clarkson James9145.01
Socialist Unity Les Bravery280.15
Majority2471.35-22.97
Turnout 18,22779.27-8.62
Registered electors 22,993

1972 election

1972 general election: Mount Albert [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 9,196 56.19 +2.05
National John Hamilton Malcolm5,21631.87
Social Credit Byrt Jordan1,0246.25
Values Terrence Michael McGrath7244.42
New Democratic Pauline Howie2031.24
Majority3,98024.32+7.37
Turnout 16,36387.89-0.93
Registered electors 18,617

1969 election

1969 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 9,057 54.14 +2.81
National Gavin Downie 6,22037.18
Social Credit Tom Weal 1,4518.67
Majority2,83716.95-1.56
Turnout 16,72888.82+3.80
Registered electors 18,832

1966 election

1966 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 7,359 51.33 -3.37
National Tom Hibbert4,70532.82
Social Credit Tom Weal 2,27015.83
Majority2,65418.51-0.64
Turnout 14,33485.02-5.54
Registered electors 16,858

1963 election

1963 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 8,618 54.70 +1.50
National Jeffrey Lloyd Reid5,60035.54
Social Credit Tom Weal 1,0586.71
Liberal Walter Ellis Christie4783.03
Majority3,01819.15+7.87
Turnout 15,75490.56+0.17
Registered electors 17,396

1960 election

1960 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 7,905 53.20 -7.51
National Clarice Anderson6,22941.92
Social Credit N R Monteith6904.64
Independent L Pitcher340.22
Majority1,67611.28-16.33
Turnout 14,85890.39-3.11
Registered electors 16,437

1957 election

1957 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 8,766 60.71 +2.90
National Geoffrey Taylor4,77933.10
Social Credit John Francis Gerrard8926.17
Majority3,98727.61+5.52
Turnout 14,43793.50+1.28
Registered electors 15,439

1954 election

1954 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 8,441 57.81 +5.59
National Robert Muldoon 5,21535.72
Social Credit Walter Crispin9436.45
Majority3,22622.09+17.65
Turnout 14,59992.22+1.66
Registered electors 15,830

1951 election

1951 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 7,092 52.22 -1.19
National Reg Judson6,48847.77+1.18
Majority6044.44-2.37
Turnout 13,58090.56-3.06
Registered electors 14,994

1949 election

1949 general election: Mount Albert [27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 7,295 53.41 -2.60
National Reg Judson6,36446.59
Majority9316.81-5.21
Turnout 13,65993.62+6.53
Registered electors 14,589

1947 by-election

1947 Mount Albert by-election [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Warren Freer 7,235 56.01
National Jack Garland5,68243.99
Majority1,55312.02
Informal votes260.20-0.34
Turnout 12,94387.09-7.38
Registered electors 14,861
Labour hold Swing

1946 election

1946 general election: Mount Albert [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Labour Arthur Shapton Richards 7,681 56.88
National Frederick Ashley Hosking5,82443.12
Informal votes740.54
Majority1,85713.75
Turnout 13,57994.47
Registered electors 14,374

Table footnotes

  1. ↑ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

  1. ↑ "Jacinda Ardern wins landslide victory Mt Albert by-election". The New Zealand Herald . 25 February 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2017.
  2. ↑ Moir, Jo (2 August 2017). "Mt Albert – the political home of Labour leaders for almost 100 yearselection". Stuff.co.nz . Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  3. ↑ Freer 2004, p. 190.
  4. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
  5. ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 267.
  6. ↑ Gower, Patrick (31 March 2009). "Seven Labour candidates tipped to try for Mt Albert seat". The New Zealand Herald . Retrieved 7 November 2013.
  7. ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 198.
  8. 1 2 Gustafson, Barry. "Muldoon, Robert David". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . Ministry for Culture and Heritage . Retrieved 30 December 2013.
  9. ↑ Wilson 1985, p. 189.
  10. ↑ "Helen Clark unanimously confirmed as new head of UNDP" (Press release). United Nations Development Program. 31 March 2009. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2009.
  11. ↑ Sam Sachdeva (14 December 2016). "David Shearer formally appointed to lead UN peacekeeping team in South Sudan". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  12. ↑ "Mt Albert - Official Result". Electoral Commission . Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  13. ↑ "Official Count Results (2017) – Mount Albert". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017.
  14. ↑ "Official Count Results – Mount Albert". Electoral Commission . Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  15. ↑ "Official Count Results – Mt Albert (2014)". Electoral Commission . Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  16. ↑ "2011 election results". Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  17. ↑ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  18. ↑ 2008 election results Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ 2005 election results Archived 31 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ↑ "2002 election results". Archived from the original on 9 June 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  21. ↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  22. ↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  23. ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
  24. ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norton 1988, p. 281.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Norton 1988, p. 280.
  27. ↑ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.

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