Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)

Last updated April 10, 2019

Hamilton East is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It is currently held by David Bennett MP^[1] of the National Party.

An electorate is a geographical constituency used for electing members to the New Zealand Parliament. In informal discussion, electorates are often called seats. The most formal description, electoral district, is used in legislation. The size of electorates is determined on a population basis such that all electorates have approximately the same population.

David Bennett (New Zealand politician) New Zealand politician

David Allister Bennett is a New Zealand politician. He has been a Member of Parliament since 2005, representing the Hamilton East electorate for the National Party.

The New Zealand National Party, shortened to National or the Nats, is a centre-right political party in New Zealand. It is one of two major parties that dominate contemporary New Zealand politics, alongside its traditional rival, the New Zealand Labour Party.

Population centres

Since the 1969 election, the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, with continued faster population growth in the North Island leading to an increase in the number of general electorates. There were 84 electorates for the 1969 election,^[2] and the 1972 electoral redistribution saw three additional general seats created for the North Island, bringing the total number of electorates to 87.^[3] Together with increased urbanisation in Christchurch and Nelson, the changes proved very disruptive to existing electorates. ^[3] In the South Island, three electorates were abolished, and three electorates were newly created.^[4] In the North Island, five electorates were abolished, two electorates were recreated, and six electorates were newly created (including Hamilton East).^[5]

The 1969 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of Parliament's 36th term. It saw the Second National Government headed by Prime Minister Keith Holyoake of the National Party win a fourth consecutive term.

The South Island, also officially named Te Waipounamu, is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area; the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean. The South Island covers 150,437 square kilometres (58,084 sq mi), making it the world's 12th-largest island. It has a temperate climate.

The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is 113,729 square kilometres (43,911 sq mi), making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,749,200.

The earlier Hamilton electorate dates from 1922. In 1969 Hamilton West was split off; that electorate initially extended to the west coast. In 1972 the additional electorate of Hamilton East was created, and Hamilton was abolished.^[6]

Hamilton is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate that existed from 1922 to 1969. The electorate covered the urban area of the city of Hamilton. In 1969, the city was part of two rural electorates, Hamilton East and Waikato. For the 1972 election, the nature of Hamilton East changed to urban, and the Hamilton West electorate complements it to form a second urban electorate.

Hamilton West is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It has been held by Tim Macindoe MP of the National Party since the 2008 general election.

The electorate is mainly urban, and covers the eastern part of the city of Hamilton. The Waikato River divides the city in half and forms the boundary between the Hamilton East and Hamilton West electorates. Only one other electorate borders Hamilton East, the rural electorate of Waikato to the east.^[7]

Hamilton is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the seat and most populous city of the Waikato region, with a territorial population of 169,300, the country's fourth most-populous city. Encompassing a land area of about 110 km² (42 sq mi) on the banks of the Waikato River, Hamilton is part of the wider Hamilton Urban Area, which also encompasses the nearby towns of Ngaruawahia, Te Awamutu and Cambridge.

The Waikato River is the longest river in New Zealand, running for 425 kilometres (264 mi) through the North Island. It rises in the eastern slopes of Mount Ruapehu, joining the Tongariro River system and flowing through Lake Taupo, New Zealand's largest lake. It then drains Taupo at the lake's northeastern edge, creates the Huka Falls, and flows northwest through the Waikato Plains. It empties into the Tasman Sea south of Auckland, at Port Waikato. It gives its name to the Waikato Region that surrounds the Waikato Plains. The present course of the river was largely formed about 17,000 years ago. Contributing factors were climate warming, forest being reestablished in the river headwaters and the deepening, rather than widening, of the existing river channel. The channel was gradually eroded as far up river as Piarere, leaving the old Hinuera channel through the Hinuera Gap high and dry. The remains of the old river path can be clearly seen at Hinuera where the cliffs mark the ancient river edges. The river's main tributary is the Waipa River, which has its confluence with the Waikato at Ngaruawahia.

Hamilton East includes the suburbs of Rototuna, Flagstaff, Queenwood, Chedworth Park, Fairfield, Fairview Downs, Enderley, Claudelands, Hamilton East, Hillcrest, Silverdale and Riverlea.^[7]

Rototuna is a suburb in northern Hamilton, New Zealand, east of Flagstaff. It was built on what was previously the bed of an ancient lake of which Rototuna was a tiny remnant. It is one of the newest and fastest-growing suburbs in Hamilton, along with Neighbouring Huntington and Flagstaff.

Queenwood is a suburb in northern Hamilton in New Zealand. This place is separated by Chartwell Park from Chartwell. It is mostly a residential area, with the typical range of local shops. It is located between River Road and Hukanui Road.

Chedworth Park, also known simply as Chedworth, is a suburb in eastern Hamilton in New Zealand. It was defined as a suburb of Hamilton in 1974.

Hamilton East is home to the University of Waikato, and 11.3% of the electorate's workforce is employed in education and training, the second-highest proportion in the country. The majority of households are families, and the median family income is $NZ61,500, which is $2,500 higher than the national median.^[7]

The University of Waikato, informally Waikato University, is a comprehensive university in Hamilton, New Zealand. The university was established in 1964, and has a satellite campus located in Tauranga.

The New Zealand dollar is the official currency and legal tender of New Zealand, the Cook Islands, Niue, the Ross Dependency, Tokelau, and a British territory, the Pitcairn Islands. Within New Zealand, it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with "NZ$" sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. In the context of currency trading, it is often informally called the "Kiwi" or "Kiwi dollar", since New Zealand is commonly associated with the indigenous bird and the one-dollar coin depicts a kiwi.

History

Nearly every party since 1972 that has won Hamilton East and its sister seat of Hamilton West has gone on to form the government, earning these seats a reputation as bellwether seats. One notable exception was in 1993, when Labour captured both Hamilton seats from National, but failed to win a parliamentary majority. In recent years, such as the 1999 and 2005 elections, Hamilton East has been won more often by a National candidate, despite the Labour Party forming the government.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

Labour National NZ First

Election	Winner
1972 election		Rufus Rogers
1975 election		Ian Shearer
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election		Bill Dillon
1987 election		Bill Dillon
1990 election		Tony Steel
1993 election		Dianne Yates
1996 election		Tony Steel
1999 election		Tony Steel
2002 election		Dianne Yates
2005 election		David Bennett
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Hamilton East electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
1996 election		Doug Woolerton
1996 election		Dianne Yates
1999 election		Doug Woolerton
1999 election		Dianne Yates
2002 election		Doug Woolerton
2005 election		Doug Woolerton
2005 election		Dianne Yates¹
2008 election		Sue Moroney
2017 election		Jamie Strange

¹Resigned March 2008, list seat taken by William Sio

Election results

2017 election

2017 general election: Hamilton East^[8]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y David Bennett		18,975	52.99	−4.38	17,380	47.45	−2.58
	Labour	Jamie Strange		13,165	36.76	+9.56	12,958	35.38	+11.61
	Green	Sam Taylor		2,048	5.72	−1.47	2,221	6.06	−4.96
	NZ First	Pita Paraone		1,113	3.11	−0.72	2,074	5.66	−1.48
	ACT	James McDowall		140	0.39	−0.02	225	0.61	−0.11
	Independent	Jack Gielen		65	0.18	—
	Opportunities						1,157	3.16	—
	Māori						199	0.54	−0.10
	Legalise Cannabis						89	0.24	−0.08
	Conservative						75	0.20	−4.61
	United Future						29	0.08	−0.22
	Outdoors						23	0.06	—
	People's Party						22	0.06	—
	Ban 1080						17	0.05	−0.03
	Mana						10	0.03	—
	Internet						9	0.02	—
	Democrats						6	0.02	−0.01
Informal votes				304			135
Total Valid votes				35,810			36,630
	National hold		Majority	5,810	16.23	−13.94

2014 election

2014 general election: Hamilton East^[9]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y David Bennett		19,393	57.37	+0.26	17,395	50.03	-1.36
	Labour	Cliff Allen		9,194	27.20	-4.37	8,264	23.77	-0.40
	Green	Mark Servian		2,430	7.19	+1.95	3,833	11.02	-0.86
	NZ First	Richard Taurima		1,296	3.83	+1.37	2,481	7.14	+1.77
	Conservative	Katrina Day		991	2.93	+0.61	1,672	4.81	+1.37
	Internet Mana	Ray Calver	(Internet)	217	0.64	+0.64	348	1.00	+0.73^{[lower-alpha 1]}
	ACT	Ron Smith		139	0.41	-0.30	250	0.72	-0.31
	United Future	Quentin Todd		72	0.21	+0.21	104	0.30	-0.48
	Democrats	Carolyn McKenzie		70	0.21	+0.04	29	0.08	+0.03
	Māori						222	0.64	+0.05
	Legalise Cannabis						110	0.32	-0.07
	Ban 1080						28	0.08	+0.08
	Civilian						23	0.07	+0.07
	Focus						5	0.01	+0.01
	Independent Coalition						3	0.01	+0.01
Informal votes				295			167
Total Valid votes				34,097			34,934
	National hold		Majority	10,199	30.17	+4.63

2011 election

2011 general election: Hamilton East^[10]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y David Bennett		18,505	57.11	-1.47	17,085	51.39	+1.88
	Labour	Sehai Orgad		10,230	31.57	-0.43	8,217	24.17	-6.09
	Green	Nick Marryatt		1,697	5.24	+0.92	3,942	11.88	+4.67
	NZ First	Gordon Stewart		797	2.46	-0.04	1,786	5.37	+2.08
	Conservative	Robyn Jackson		752	2.32	+2.32	1,145	3.44	+3.44
	ACT	Garry Mallett		230	0.71	-0.56	341	1.03	-3.07
	Pirate	Bruce Kingsbury		137	0.42	+0.42
	Democrats	Carolyn McKenzie		54	0.17	+0.17	18	0.05	+0.004
	United Future						260	0.78	-0.57
	Māori						195	0.59	-0.37
	Legalise Cannabis						131	0.39	+0.01
	Mana						89	0.27	+0.27
	Libertarianz						25	0.08	+0.01
	Alliance						8	0.02	-0.03
Informal votes				636			317
Total Valid votes				32,402			33,249
	National hold		Majority	8,275	25.54	-1.04

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,420^[11]

2008 election

2008 general election: Hamilton East^[12]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y David Bennett		19,441	58.58	+7.46	16,745	49.50	+4.06
	Labour	Sue Moroney		10,621	32.00	-4.79	10,420	30.80	-4.72
	Green	Linda Persson		1,433	4.32	+0.71	2,439	7.21	+1.68
	NZ First	Doug Woolerton		830	2.50	-1.32	1,113	3.29	-2.56
	ACT	Garry B Mallett		420	1.27	-0.18	1,387	4.10	+2.16
	Kiwi	Robyn Jackson		180	0.54		189	0.56
	United Future	Rochelle White		168	0.51	-0.97	458	1.35	-2.06
	Democrats	Carolyn McKenzie		54	0.16		17	0.05	+0.01
	RONZ	Jack Gielen		41	0.12		16	0.05	+0.04
	Māori						323	0.95	+0.33
	Bill and Ben						243	0.72
	Progressive						190	0.56	-0.36
	Legalise Cannabis						129	0.38	+0.23
	Family Party						90	0.27
	Libertarianz						21	0.06	+0.01
	Alliance						17	0.05	+0.01
	Workers Party						15	0.04
	Pacific						13	0.04
	RAM						2	0.01
Informal votes				236			112
Total Valid votes				33,188			33,827
Turnout				34,176	80.48	-2.50
	National hold		Majority	8,820	26.58	+12.25

2005 election

2005 general election: Hamilton East^[13]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	David Bennett		18,901	51.12	+12.47	17,122	45.44	+21.71
	Labour	N Dianne Yates		13,603	36.79	-3.80	13,377	35.52	-0.11
	NZ First	Doug Woolerton		1,411	3.82	-2.82	2,202	5.85	-4.35
	Green	Daniel Howard		1,334	3.61	-1.45	2,083	5.53	-1.62
	United Future	Adam Archer		547	1.48	-2.00	2,083	5.53	-2.75
	ACT	Garry Mallett		534	1.44	-0.94	732	1.94	-7.83
	Māori	Poutawa Biasiny-Tule		309	0.84		234	0.62
	Progressive	Peter Banks		243	0.66		347	0.92
	Independent	Jared Phillips		59	0.16
	Libertarianz	Robin Thomsen		34	0.09		21	0.06
	Destiny						109	0.29
	Legalise Cannabis						56	0.15	-0.34
	Christian Heritage						37	0.10	-1.14
	Alliance						17	0.05	-1.09
	Democrats						15	0.04
	99 MP						12	0.03
	One NZ						8	0.02	-0.03
	Direct Democracy						5	0.01
	Family Rights						3	0.01
	RONZ						2	0.01
Informal votes				292			113
Total Valid votes				36,975			37,658
Turnout				38,024	82.98	+4.61
	National gain from Labour		Majority	5,298	14.33	+16.27

2002 election

2002 general election: Hamilton East^[14]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	Labour	Dianne Yates		12,827	40.59	-1.34	11,369	35.63	+0.20
	National	N Tony Steel		12,213	38.65	-5.41	7,573	23.73	-11.70
	NZ First	Doug Woolerton		2,099	6.64	+3.22	3,256	10.20	+6.26
	Green	Cathy Olsen		1,665	5.27		2,281	7.15	+1.93
	United Future	Richard Carter		1,101	3.48		2,643	8.28	+6.42^a
	ACT	Brian George Dawson		751	2.38	+0.12	3,116	9.77	+0.64
	Christian Heritage	Gavin Denby		307	0.97	-1.28	395	1.24	-1.15
	Alliance	Ravaani D K Ghaemmaghamy		177	0.56	-3.54	365	1.14	-6.16
	Progressive	Jim Medland		177	0.56		356	1.12
	ORNZ						255	0.80
	Legalise Cannabis						157	0.49	-0.44
	Mana Māori						18	0.06	+0.02
	One NZ						17	0.05	-0.03
	NMP						2	0.01
Informal votes				284			105
Total Valid votes				31,601			31,908
Turnout				32,085	78.37	-7.23
	Labour gain from National		Majority	614	1.94	+4.07

^a United Future swing compared to results of United NZ and Future NZ, as the two merged in 2000.

1999 election

1999 general election: Hamilton East^[15]^[16]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Tony Steel		14,329	44.06		11,620	35.43
	Labour	Dianne Yates		13,637	41.93		10,738	32.74
	Alliance	Peter Jamieson		1,334	4.10		2,394	7.30
	NZ First	Doug Woolerton		1,113	3.42		1,293	3.94
	ACT	Gavin Denby		734	2.26		2,993	9.13
	Christian Heritage	Madeleine Flannagan		732	2.25		783	2.39
	McGillicuddy Serious	Leanee V. Ireland		370	1.14		67	0.21
	Mauri Pacific	Helen Akhtari		179	0.55		35	0.11
	Natural Law	John Cleary		96	0.30		39	0.12
	Green						1,712	5.22
	Future NZ						446	1.36
	Legalise Cannabis						304	0.93
	United NZ						163	0.50
	Libertarianz						100	0.30
	Animals First						50	0.15
	One NZ						27	0.08
	Mana Māori						13	0.04
	NMP						6	0.02
	People's Choice						5	0.02
	Freedom Movement						4	0.01
	South Island						3	0.01
	Republican						2	0.01
Informal votes				571			298
Total Valid votes				32,524			32,797
Turnout				33,763	85.60
	National hold		Majority	692	2.13

1996 election

1996 general election: Hamilton East^[17]^[18]^[19]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Tony Steel		14,020	43.19		13,029	39.92
	Labour	N Dianne Yates		11,673	35.96		8,219	25.18
	NZ First	Doug Woolerton		2,920	8.99		3,604	11.04
	Alliance	Ashok Parbhu		1,684	5.19		2,757	8.45
	Christian Coalition	Lindsay Priest		798	2.46		1,734	5.31
	ACT	Graeme Williams		578	1.78		2,088	6.40
	McGillicuddy Serious	Justine Francis		354	1.09		123	0.38
	Progressive Green	Dianna Tawharu		176	0.54		88	0.27
	Independent	Patricia Neagle		129	0.40
	Natural Law	John Cleary		67	0.21		63	0.19
	Superannuitants & Youth	Leslie Stroud		64	0.20		47	0.14
	Legalise Cannabis						430	1.32
	United NZ						279	0.85
	Animals First						63	0.19
	Ethnic Minority Party						31	0.09
	Mana Māori						29	0.09
	Libertarianz						19	0.06
	Green Society						16	0.05
	Conservatives						9	0.03
	Asia Pacific United						5	0.02
	Advance New Zealand						4	0.01
	Te Tawharau						0	0.00
Informal votes				254			80
Total Valid votes				32,463			32,637
	National gain from Labour		Majority	2,347	7.23

Footnotes

↑ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

↑ New Zealand Parliament – David Bennett MP
↑ McRobie 1989, p. 111.
1 2 McRobie 1989, p. 115.
↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 112, 116.
↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 111, 115.
↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 83, 110, 114.
1 2 3 "Hamilton East" (PDF). Parliamentary Library . March 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
↑ "Official Count Results -- Hamilton East (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
↑ "Official Count Results – Hamilton East". Electoral Commission. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
↑ Hamilton East results, 2011
↑ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
↑ 2008 election results
↑ Official Count Results – Hamilton East
↑ Official Count Results – Hamilton East
↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
↑ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Hamilton East, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2013.
↑ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
↑ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

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The Hunua electorate existed three times for the New Zealand House of Representatives beginning in 1978, based at the south end of the Auckland urban area, and named for the Hunua Ranges. It covered different geographical areas over those periods. The electorate is currently represented by Andrew Bayly of the National Party.

Rangitata is an electorate in the South Island of New Zealand. It first existed for two parliamentary terms in the late 19th century and was re-established for the 2008 general election. It largely replaced the Aoraki electorate, but included parts of the Rakaia electorate as well. It is held by Andrew Falloon of the National Party. Rangitata is a relatively safe National seat, though not as safe relative to its surrounding neighbours Selwyn and Waitaki due to both Timaru and Temuka being Labour Party strongholds.

Waikato is the name of a current electorate in the New Zealand Parliament. The electorate first existed from 1871 to 1963, and then from 1969 to 1996 when MMP was introduced. The current electorate was re-established for the 2008 election and has been represented by Tim van de Molen for the National Party since the 2017 general election.

Titirangi is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It existed from 1987 to 2002, with a break from 1996 to 1999. It was represented by four members of parliament, with three of them from Labour and one from National.

References

McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. 266. OCLC 154283103.

External links

Electorate Profile, New Zealand Parliament

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[Internet_Mana-10] 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

[1] New Zealand Parliament – David Bennett MP

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989111-2] McRobie 1989, p. 111.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989115-3] 1 2 McRobie 1989, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989112,_116-4] McRobie 1989, pp. 112, 116.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989111,_115-5] McRobie 1989, pp. 111, 115.

[FOOTNOTEMcRobie198983,_110,_114-6] McRobie 1989, pp. 83, 110, 114.

[profile-7] 1 2 3 "Hamilton East" (PDF). Parliamentary Library . March 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2010.

[2017election-8] "Official Count Results -- Hamilton East (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.

[9] "Official Count Results – Hamilton East". Electoral Commission. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014.

[Hamilton_East_2011_election_results-11] Hamilton East results, 2011

[enrolment-12] "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2011.

[13] 2008 election results

[14] Official Count Results – Hamilton East

[15] Official Count Results – Hamilton East

[16] "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

[17] "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.

[18] "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Hamilton East, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2013.

[1996_successful-19] "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

[1996_unsuccessful-20] "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.

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