New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)

New Plymouth electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

New Plymouth is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate. It was first created for the 1st New Zealand Parliament in 1853 and has existed since, with one 32-year interruption. The electorate was initially called Town of New Plymouth.

The electorate is currently held by Jonathan Young for National, ^[1] as he defeated Labour's Harry Duynhoven ^[2] in the 2008 general election.

Population centres

In the 1927 electoral redistribution, the North Island gained a further electorate from the South Island due to faster population growth. Five electorates were abolished, two former electorates, including New Plymouth, were re-established, and three electorates were created for the first time. ^[3]

The electorate includes the following population centres:

• New Plymouth (53,000)
• Waitara (6,288)
• Oakura (1,359)
• Okato (531)

History

The electorate was originally the Town of New Plymouth from 1853 to 1879. The name of the electorate was changed to New Plymouth from 1879 to 1896. The electorate was abolished in 1896, and was reconstituted under the same name in 1928. ^[4]

Oliver Samuel, Edward Smith, Thomas Kelly (incumbent) and Charles Brown contested the electorate in the 1884 election; Samuel won the contest. ^{[5] [6]}

The electorate has changed between National and Labour several times, and has been represented by two Christian ministers: Rev Fred Frost and then Rev Ernest Aderman.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at a general election.

Key

   Independent      Liberal      United      National      Labour   

Election	Winner
1853 election		Francis Gledhill
1855 election		William Richmond
1860 election
1862 by-election		Isaac Newton Watt [7]
1863 by-election		Henry Hanson Turton [8]
1864 by-election		Charles Brown
1865 by-election		Henry Sewell
1866 election		John Richardson
1867 by-election		Harry Atkinson
1869 by-election		Thomas Kelly [9]
1871 election
1875 election
1879 election
1881 election
1884 election		Oliver Samuel
1887 election
1890 election		Edward Smith
1893 election
(Electorate abolished 1896–1928, see Taranaki)
1928 election		Sydney George Smith
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election		Fred Frost
1943 election		Ernest Aderman
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election		Ron Barclay
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election		Tony Friedlander
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election		Harry Duynhoven
1990 election		John Armstrong
1993 election		Harry Duynhoven
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election		Jonathan Young
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the New Plymouth electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
1996 election		Roger Maxwell
2011 election		Andrew Little
2014 election

Election results

2017 election

2017 general election: New Plymouth [10]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jonathan Young		20,711	52.01	−5.74	19,517	48.63	−7.05
	Labour	Corie Haddock		12,978	32.59	+1.03	13,662	34.04	+12.90
	NZ First	Murray Chong		3,041	7.63	—	3,107	7.74	−1.26
	Green	Stuart Jeanne Bramhall		2,070	5.19	−0.23	1,798	4.47	−3.50
	ACT	Anneka Carlson		434	1.09	+0.54	222	0.55	+0.09
	Independent	Basil Lawrence		148	0.37	—
	Opportunities						1,093	2.72	—
	Māori						250	0.62	+0.09
	Legalise Cannabis						163	0.40	−0.18
	Conservative						65	0.16	−3.03
	Ban 1080						39	0.09	−0.06
	United Future						36	0.08	−0.10
	Outdoors						26	0.06	—
	People's Party						16	0.03	—
	Democrats						8	0.01	−0.06
	Mana						8	0.01	−0.69
	Internet						7	0.01	−0.69
Informal votes				434			118
Total Valid votes				39,816			40,135
Turnout				40,365	80.68 [11]	+2.63
	National hold		Majority	7,733	19.42	−6.76

2014 election

2014 general election: New Plymouth [12]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jonathan Young		21,566	57.75	+4.14	20,969	55.65	+2.39
	Labour	Andrew Little		11,788	31.56	−8.85	7,947	21.10	−4.72
	Green	Sarah Roberts		2,025	5.42	+1.56	3,005	7.97	−1.68
	Legalise Cannabis	Jamie Dombroski		701	1.88	+0.55	218	0.58	+0.06
	Conservative	Angela Storr		633	1.69	+1.69	1,201	3.19	+1.22
	ACT	James Gray		205	0.55	+0.55	172	0.46	−0.56
	NZ First						3,395	9.00	+2.70
	Internet Mana						263	0.70	+0.49 [lower-alpha 1]
	Māori						199	0.53	−0.08
	United Future						66	0.18	−0.27
	Ban 1080						57	0.15	+0.15
	Civilian						57	0.15	+0.15
	Democrats						28	0.07	+0.01
	Independent Coalition						10	0.03	+0.03
	Focus						10	0.03	+0.03
Informal votes				429			128
Total Valid votes				37,347			37,681
Turnout				37,681	77.51	+2.06
	National hold		Majority	9,778	26.18	+13.28

2011 election

2011 general election: New Plymouth [13]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jonathan Young		17,644	53.31	+5.13	18,073	53.26	+2.79
	Labour	Andrew Little		13,374	40.41	-7.47	8,761	25.82	-5.60
	Green	Geoff Steedman		1,277	3.86	+3.86	3,276	9.65	+3.23
	Legalise Cannabis	Jamie Dombroski		439	1.33	+1.33	178	0.52	+0.05
	Independent	Rusty Kane		361	1.09	-1.11
	NZ First						2,137	6.30	+2.25
	Conservative						667	1.97	+1.97
	ACT						347	1.02	-2.16
	Māori						207	0.61	-0.14
	United Future						154	0.45	-0.20
	Mana						72	0.21	+0.21
	Libertarianz						30	0.09	+0.01
	Democrats						19	0.06	-0.07
	Alliance						11	0.03	-0.06
Informal votes				808			235
Total Valid votes				33,095			33,932
	National hold		Majority	4,270	12.90	+12.60

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 44,973 ^[14]

2008 election

2008 general election: New Plymouth [15]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Jonathan Young		16,539	48.18		17,512	50.47
	Labour	N Harry Duynhoven		16,434	47.88		10,901	31.42
	Independent	Rusty Kane		756	2.20
	ACT	Chris Albers		455	1.33		1,106	3.19
	Libertarianz	Mike Webber		141	0.41		27	0.08
	Green						2,230	6.43
	NZ First						1,404	4.05
	Bill and Ben						301	0.87
	Māori						260	0.75
	Progressive						232	0.67
	United Future						227	0.65
	Legalise Cannabis						166	0.48
	Family Party						141	0.41
	Kiwi						78	0.22
	Democrats						43	0.12
	Alliance						31	0.09
	Pacific						23	0.07
	Workers Party						13	0.04
	RAM						2	0.01
	RONZ						2	0.01
Informal votes				349			175
Total Valid votes				34,325			34,699
	National gain from Labour		Majority	105	0.31

2005 election

Party	Candidate	Votes	%	Party Votes	%
Labour	Y Harry Duynhoven	17,512	53.20	12,542	37.64
National	Moira Irving	12,073	36.67	14,836	44.53
Green	Sarah Brown	1,165	3.54	1,816	5.45
Destiny	Keren Roberts	555	1.69	244	0.73
United	Matt Collier	539	1.64	791	2.37
Māori Party	Tony Ruakere	312	0.95	148	0.44
ACT	Kerry O'Connor	301	0.91	394	1.18
IND	Rusty Kane	252	0.77	-	-
Democrats	Kevin Smith	121	0.37	52	0.16
NZ First	-	-	-	2,036	6.11
Progressive	-	-	-	249	0.75
ALCP	-	-	-	86	0.26
Christian Heritage	-	-	-	36	0.11
Alliance	-	-	-	18	0.05
Direct Democracy	-	-	-	15	0.05
Libertarianz	-	-	-	14	0.04
One NZ	-	-	-	12	0.04
Family Rights PP	-	-	-	11	0.03
Republic of NZ	-	-	-	7	0.03
99 MP	-	-	-	12	0.04
informal votes		338		126
total valid votes		32,919		33,319
Labour hold	Majority	5,439

sourced from electionresults.govt.nz

1999 election

1999 general election: New Plymouth
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Harry Duynhoven		22,118	68.48	+6.81	13,612	41.98	+12.80
	National	Len Jury		7,026	21.75		9,487	29.26	-6.90
	Future NZ	Tom Smithers		1,048	3.24		606	1.87
	Alliance	Bonnie Johnstone		870	2.69		2,425	7.48	-2.26
	ACT	Moira Irving		595	1.84		1,804	5.56	+1.13
	NZ First	Mae Neuman		515	1.59		1,201	3.70	-8.17
	People's Choice	Rusty Kane		80	0.25		48	0.15
	Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata	Shona Eriksen		25	0.08
	Mauri Pacific	Sharon Faloon		21	0.07		13	0.04
	Green						1,734	5.35
	Christian Heritage						678	2.09
	Legalise Cannabis						426	1.31	-0.60
	United NZ						126	0.39	-0.27
	Libertarianz						104	0.32	+0.29
	Animals First						67	0.21	-0.02
	McGillicuddy Serious						45	0.14	-0.14
	One NZ						14	0.04
	Natural Law						12	0.04	-0.10
	Mana Māori						7	0.02	-0.04
	NMP						5	0.02
	Freedom Movement						4	0.01
	Republican						2	0.01
	South Island						2	0.01
Informal votes				464			340
Total Valid votes				32,298			32,422
	Labour hold		Majority	15,092	46.73	+12.45

1996 election

1996 general election: New Plymouth [16] [17] [18]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Harry Duynhoven		20,746	61.67		9,833	29.18
	National	N Roger Maxwell		9,213	27.39		12,185	36.16
	NZ First	Harry Slaats		1,771	5.26		3,999	11.87
	Alliance	Sue Gaffy		1,277	3.80		3,282	9.74
	ACT	Tony Huston		391	1.16		1,492	4.43
	Progressive Green	Paul O'Neill		181	0.54		100	0.30
	Natural Law	Bruce Sowry		63	0.19		48	0.14
	Christian Coalition						1,619	4.80
	Legalise Cannabis						642	1.91
	United NZ						223	0.66
	McGillicuddy Serious						93	0.28
	Animals First						77	0.23
	Green Society						21	0.06
	Mana Māori						20	0.06
	Conservatives						19	0.06
	Superannuitants & Youth						14	0.04
	Libertarianz						11	0.03
	Ethnic Minority Party						8	0.02
	Advance New Zealand						7	0.02
	Asia Pacific United						2	0.01
	Te Tawharau						1	0.00
Informal votes				205			151
Total Valid votes				33,642			33,696
	Labour hold		Majority	11,533	34.28

1993 election

1993 general election: New Plymouth ^[19]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Harry Duynhoven	10,481	48.9	+8.5
	National	John Armstrong	7,355	34.3	-6.1
	Alliance	Heather Smith	2,182	10.1
	NZ First	Lindsay Calvert	1,087	5.0
	Christian Heritage	H Starrenburgh	217	1.0
	Natural Law	Bruce Sowry	77	0.3
Majority			3,126	14.6
Turnout			21,399

1990 election

1990 general election: New Plymouth ^[20]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	John Armstrong	9,883	48.8
	Labour	Harry Duynhoven	8,182	40.4	-8.9
	Green	Leon Roborgh	1,425	7.0
	NewLabour	P Mepham	476	2.3
	Democrats	Harry Alchin-Smith	179	0.8
	McGillicuddy Serious	M B Johnston	100	0.4
Majority			1,701	8.4
Turnout			20,245

1987 election

1987 general election: New Plymouth ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Harry Duynhoven	10,320	49.3
	National	Tony Friedlander	9,883	47.7	+2.7
	Democrats	K D Steele	413	2.0
	NZ Party	B A McCready	131	0.6
	Values	G A McDonald	89	0.4
Majority			337	1.6
Turnout			23,229	91.6	-2.8

1984 election

1984 general election: New Plymouth ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Tony Friedlander	9,900	45.0	-1.5
	Labour	Ida Gaskin	9,631	43.8
	NZ Party	Lloyd Horn	1,656	7.5
	Social Credit	George McPeak	645	2.9	-10.4
	Values	Janet Roborgh	154	0.7	-0.6
	Republican	M J K Petrie	17	0.1
Majority			269	1.2	-6.4
Turnout			23,717	94.4	+3.2

1981 election

1981 general election: New Plymouth ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Tony Friedlander	9,649	46.5	+3.9
	Labour	Dennis Duggan	8,082	38.9	-4.2
	Social Credit	George McPeak	2,762	13.3
	Values	Janet Roborgh	266	1.3	-1.0
Majority			1,567	7.6	+7.1
Turnout			22,827	91.2	+16.3

1978 election

1978 general election: New Plymouth ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Tony Friedlander	8,650	42.6	-6.8
	Labour	Dennis Duggan	8,538	42.1
	Social Credit	R A Kirk	2,634	13.0
	Values	Janet Roborgh	476	2.3
Majority			112	0.5	-8.7
Turnout			27,167	74.9	-12.4

1975 election

1975 general election: New Plymouth ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Tony Friedlander	10,330	49.4
	Labour	Ron Barclay	8,395	40.2	-10.4
	Social Credit	A J Swanney	1,381	6.6	+2.8
	Values	Edith Green	798	3.8
Majority			1,935	9.2
Turnout			24,027	87.3	-5.1

1972 election

1972 general election: New Plymouth ^[21]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ron Barclay	9,429	50.6	+0.2
	National	Terry Boon	8,133	43.7
	Social Credit	A J Swanney	715	3.8
	Values	W P Neilson	280	1.5
	Liberal Reform	D V Hannah	49	0.3
	New Democratic	M A Pinkney	16	0.1
Majority			1,296	6.9	+1.4
Turnout			20,212	92.4	-0.7

1969 election

1969 general election: New Plymouth ^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ron Barclay	9,149	50.4	+3.5
	National	B E Clark	8,149	44.9	-1.6
	Social Credit	Stuart Dickson	763	4.2
	Country Party	Clifford Stanley Emeny	85	0.5
Majority			1,000	5.5	+5.1
Turnout			19,649	93.1	+1.5

1966 election

1966 general election: New Plymouth ^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Ron Barclay	8,073	46.9	-1.9
	National	B E Clark	7,995	46.5
	Social Credit	T G Mullins	1,129	6.6
Majority			78	0.4
Turnout			18,916	91.6	-1.0

1963 election

1963 general election: New Plymouth ^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	8,535	51.4	-0.4
	Labour	Ron Barclay	8,061	48.6	+6.5
Majority			474	2.8	-6.9
Turnout			18,095	92.6	+0.6

• Social Credit candidate K G J Lattimer failed to lodge his name in time to contest the election.

1960 election

1960 general election: New Plymouth ^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	9,063	51.8	+1.9
	Labour	Ron Barclay	7,370	42.1	-3.9
	Social Credit	K G J Lattimer	1,068	6.1	+2.0
Majority			1,693	9.7	+3.8
Turnout			19,092	92.0	-2.6

1957 election

1957 general election: New Plymouth ^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	8,386	49.9	-0.3
	Labour	Ron Barclay	7,729	46.0
	Social Credit	K G J Lattimer	686	4.1
Majority			657	3.9	-3.7
Turnout			17,831	94.6	+0.1

1954 election

1954 general election: New Plymouth ^[22]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	7,780	50.2	-7.4
	Labour	Clarence Robert Parker	6,602	42.6	+0.2
	Social Credit	C A Lattimer	1,114	7.2
Majority			1,178	7.6	-9.6
Turnout			16,542	94.5	+1.8

1951 election

1951 general election: New Plymouth ^[23]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	8,816	57.6	+2.5
	Labour	Clarence Robert Parker	6,481	42.4	-2.7
Majority			2,335	15.2	+5.0
Turnout			16,448	92.7	-4.0

1949 election

1949 general election: New Plymouth ^[24]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	8,250	55.1	+0.7
	Labour	Clarence Robert Parker	6,733	44.9
Majority			1,517	10.2	+7.4
Turnout			15,589	96.7	+0.4

1946 election

1946 general election: New Plymouth ^[25]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	7,426	51.4
	Labour	George Nimmo	7,021	48.6
Majority			405	2.8
Turnout			14,985	96.3

1943 election

1943 general election: New Plymouth ^[26]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	National	Ernest Aderman	6,608	46.23
	Labour	Fred Frost	6,550	45.83	-7.22
	Independent	Havelock Victor McCready	689	4.82
	Democratic Labour	Leonard Arthur Jury	299	2.09
Informal votes			145	1.01	-0.49
Majority			58	0.40
Turnout			14,291	96.32	+0.36
Registered electors			14,836

1938 election

1938 general election: New Plymouth ^[27]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Labour	Fred Frost	6,958	53.05	+13.52
	National	Sydney George Smith	6,089	46.43	+0.10
Informal votes			69	0.52	-0.87
Majority			869	6.62
Turnout			13,116	95.96	+3.91
Registered electors			13,668

1935 election

1935 general election: New Plymouth ^[28]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	United	Sydney George Smith	5,662	46.33	-19.70
	Labour	Fred Frost	4,831	39.53
	Independent	Elsie Andrews	786	6.43
	Democrat	H Cave	676	5.53
	Independent Labour	William Sheat	264	2.16	-31.81
Informal votes			170	1.39	±0.00
Majority			831	6.80	-25.25
Turnout			12,219	92.05	+5.34
Registered electors			13,273

1931 election

1931 general election: New Plymouth ^[29]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	United	Sydney George Smith	7,152	66.03	+15.23
	Labour	William Sheat	3,680	33.97
Informal votes			153	1.39	+0.78
Majority			3,472	32.05	+18.69
Turnout			10,985	86.71	-4.86
Registered electors			12,668

1928 election

1928 general election: New Plymouth ^[30]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	United	Sydney George Smith	5,577	50.79
	Reform	Charles Bellringer	4,110	37.43
	Labour	W G Simpson	1,293	11.78
Majority			1,467	13.36
Informal votes			68	0.62
Turnout			11,048	91.57
Registered electors			12,065

1893 election

1893 general election: New Plymouth ^{[31] [32]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Edward Smith	1,782	55.07	+15.21
	Conservative	Robert Trimble [33]	1,291	39.89
	Independent	Richard Price [34]	163	5.04
Majority			491	15.17	+13.47
Turnout			3,236	78.73	+16.60
Registered electors			4,110

1890 election

1890 general election: New Plymouth ^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Liberal	Edward Smith	539	39.86
	Conservative	John Elliot	516	38.16
	Independent	R C Hughes	297	21.96
Majority			23	1.70
Turnout			1,352	62.13
Registered electors			2,176

1869 by-election

1869 Town of New Plymouth by-election ^{[36] [37]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±
	Independent	Thomas Kelly	57	48.72
	Independent	Frederick Carrington	45	38.46
	Independent	James Thomas Upjohn	15	12.82
Majority			12	10.26
Turnout			117

Table footnotes

1. 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

1. "Jonathan Young". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 25 July 2010.
2. New Zealand Parliament - Harry Duynhoven MP Archived 29 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
3. McRobie 1989, pp. 83–88.
4. Scholefield 1950, p. 161.
5. "The General Elections". Taranaki Herald. XXXII (6503). 15 July 1884. p. 2. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
6. "The General Election, 1884". National Library. 1884. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
7. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1908). "Former Members Of The House Of Representatives". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Taranaki, Hawke’s Bay & Wellington Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
8. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1908). "Former Members Of The House Of Representatives". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Taranaki, Hawke’s Bay & Wellington Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
9. Cyclopedia Company Limited (1908). "Former Members Of The House Of Representatives". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Taranaki, Hawke’s Bay & Wellington Provincial Districts. Christchurch. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
10. "Official Count Results -- New Plymouth". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
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12. "2014 election results". Electoral Commission. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
13. 2011 election results
14. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
15. 2008 election results ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
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18. "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
19. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
20. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
21. Norton 1988, p. 290.
22. Norton 1988, p. 289.
23. "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
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32. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times . 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
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References

• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN   0-477-01384-8.
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC   154283103.

External links

• Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library