Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)

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Bay of Plenty electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election Bay of Plenty electorate, 2014.svg
Bay of Plenty electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Bay of Plenty is a New Zealand electoral division returning one member to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The current representative is Todd Muller of the National Party, first elected at the 2014 election. He replaced Tony Ryall, also of the National Party, who retired after representing the seat since 1996. [1]

New Zealand electorates voting district for elections to the New Zealand Parliament

An electorate is a geographical constituency used for electing members to the New Zealand Parliament. In informal discussion, electorates are often called seats. The most formal description, electoral district, is used in legislation. The size of electorates is determined on a population basis such that all electorates have approximately the same population.

New Zealand House of Representatives Sole chamber of New Zealand Parliament

The New Zealand House of Representatives is a component of the New Zealand Parliament, along with the Sovereign. The House passes all laws, provides ministers to form a Cabinet, and supervises the work of the Government. It is also responsible for adopting the state's budgets and approving the state's accounts.

Todd Muller New Zealand politician

Todd Michael Muller is a New Zealand politician who was elected to Parliament at the 2014 general election as the MP for Bay of Plenty. He is a member of the New Zealand National Party.

Contents

Population centres

In the 1892 electoral redistribution, population shift to the North Island required the transfer of one seat from the South Island to the north. The resulting ripple effect saw every electorate established in 1890 have its boundaries altered, and eight electorates were established for the first time, including Bay of Plenty. [2]

North Island The northern of the two main islands of New Zealand

The North Island, also officially named Te Ika-a-Māui, is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is 113,729 square kilometres (43,911 sq mi), making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,749,200.

South Island Southernmost of the two main islands in New Zealand

The South Island, also officially named Te Waipounamu, is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area; the other being the smaller but more populous North Island. It is bordered to the north by Cook Strait, to the west by the Tasman Sea, and to the south and east by the Pacific Ocean. The South Island covers 150,437 square kilometres (58,084 sq mi), making it the world's 12th-largest island. It has a temperate climate.

The current Bay of Plenty electorate is wrapped around Tauranga city, but does not include the city. It does include Matakana Island.

Tauranga Metropolitan area in North Island, New Zealand

Tauranga is the most populous city in the Bay of Plenty region of the North Island of New Zealand. It was settled by Māori late in the 13th century and by Europeans in the early 19th century and was constituted as a city in 1963. Tauranga City is the centre of the fifth largest urban area in New Zealand, with an urban population of 141,600.

Matakana Island island

Matakana Island is located in the western Bay of Plenty in New Zealand's North Island. A long, flat barrier island, it is 20 kilometres (12 mi) in length but rarely more than 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide. The island has been continuously populated for centuries by Māori tribes that are mostly associated with Ngāi Te Rangi.

Prior to the 2007 boundary review, it did not extend to the western side of Tauranga or to Matakana Island. Instead it comprised a section of the central Bay of Plenty coast, from the eastern periphery of the Tauranga urban area to outside the main populated part of Whakatane. It included the towns of Te Puke, Edgecumbe and Papamoa. Rapid population growth around Tauranga has driven considerable boundary change at each review. For the 2008 election, the eastern boundary moved far westwards to the eastern fringe of Te Puke, in the process abandoning sections of the central coast to the Rotorua and East Coast seats.

Bay of Plenty Region in North Island, New Zealand

The Bay of Plenty is a large bight in the northern coast of New Zealand's North Island. It stretches from the Coromandel Peninsula in the west to Cape Runaway in the east, a wide stretch of some 259 km of open coastline. The Bay of Plenty Region is situated around this body of water, also incorporating several large islands in the bay. The bay was named by James Cook after he noticed the abundant food supplies at several Māori villages there, in stark contrast to the earlier observations he had made in Poverty Bay.

Whakatane Town in Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Whakatane is a town in the eastern Bay of Plenty Region in the North Island of New Zealand, 90 km east of Tauranga and 89 km north-east of Rotorua, at the mouth of the Whakatane River. Whakatane District is the encompassing territorial authority, which covers an area to the south and west of the town, excluding the enclave of Kawerau.

Te Puke Place in Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Te Puke is a town located 28 kilometres southeast of Tauranga in the Western Bay of Plenty of New Zealand. It is particularly famous for the cultivation of kiwifruit. Te Puke has a population of 7,496 as of the 2013 Census.

Bay of Plenty was created for the change to the mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation voting system; it was carved out of parts of the old seats of Kaimai, Tarawera and Eastern Bay of Plenty. Its original incarnation was based mostly around Whakatane and Opotiki districts, with the remaining population coming from Te Puke and parts of greater Tauranga.

Mixed-member proportional (MMP) representation is a mixed electoral system in which voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party. Seats in the legislature are filled firstly by the successful constituency candidates, and secondly, by party candidates based on the percentage of nationwide or region-wide votes that each party received. The constituency representatives are elected using first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) or another plurality/majoritarian system. The nationwide or region-wide party representatives are, in most jurisdictions, drawn from published party lists, similar to party-list proportional representation. To gain a nationwide representative, parties may be required to achieve a minimum number of constituency candidates, a minimum percentage of the nationwide party vote, or both.

Opotiki Minor urban area in Bay of Plenty, New Zealand

Opotiki is a small town in the eastern Bay of Plenty in the North Island of New Zealand. It houses the headquarters of the Opotiki District Council and comes under the Bay of Plenty Regional Council.

History

Bay of Plenty has been a safe seat for National's Tony Ryall, who has been returned easily at every election since the seat's re-establishment in 1996. The upper central North Island is an area where New Zealand First has done well, frequently getting a higher vote share in seats in both the Bay of Plenty region and in the Waikato than it does nationally.

1996 New Zealand general election

The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament. It was notable for being the first election to be held under the new mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, and produced a parliament considerably more diverse than previous elections. It saw the National Party, led by Jim Bolger, retain its position in government, but only after protracted negotiations with the smaller New Zealand First party to form a coalition. New Zealand First's position as "kingmaker", able to place either of the two major parties into government, was a significant election outcome.

New Zealand First, commonly abbreviated to NZ First, is a nationalist and populist political party in New Zealand. It was founded in July 1993, following the resignation on 19 March 1993 of its leader and founder, Winston Peters, from the then-governing National Party. It has formed governments with both major parties in New Zealand: first with the National Party from 1996 to 1998, and then with the Labour Party from 2005 to 2008 and from 2017 to present.

Waikato region in New Zealands North Island

Waikato is a local government region of the upper North Island of New Zealand. It covers the Waikato District, Hauraki, Coromandel Peninsula, the northern King Country, much of the Taupo District, and parts of Rotorua District. It is governed by the Waikato Regional Council.

The earlier Bay of Plenty electorate from 1893 to 1978 was held by William Kelly 1893–1896, William Herries 1896–1908, William MacDonald 1908–1920, Kenneth Williams 1920–1935, Gordon Hultquist 1935–1941, Bill Sullivan 1941–1957, Percy Allen 1957–1975 and Duncan MacIntyre 1975–1978. Williams had the distinction of being returned unopposed in three general elections, 1922, 1925 and 1931; [3] in 1928 he was opposed by Alexander Moncur for Labour.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

   Conservative      Liberal      Reform   
   Labour      National      NZ First   
ElectionWinner
1893 election William Kelly
1896 election William Herries
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election William MacDonald 1
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1920 by-election Kenneth Williams 1
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election Gordon Hultquist 2
1938 election
1941 by-election Bill Sullivan 3
1943 election
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 by-election Percy Allen
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election Duncan MacIntyre
Electorate abolished; see East Cape
1996 election Tony Ryall
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election Todd Muller
2017 election

1 Died in office
2 Died of illness while on military service
3 Resigned during term

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Bay of Plenty electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

ElectionWinner
1996 election Peter Brown
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2017 election Angie Warren-Clark

Election results

2017 election

2017 general election: Bay of Plenty [4]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Todd Muller 25,35261.05+0.3623,16454.62−3.04
Labour Angie Warren-Clark 11,35627.34+8.8010,81725.51+12.44
NZ First Lester Gray4,0609.78−2.904,56810.77−3.17
Māori Raewyn Bennett5631.36—2140.50−0.07
ACT Bruce Carley1950.47—2060.49+0.24
Green  1,7084.03−3.20
Opportunities  1,3493.18—
Legalise Cannabis  1130.27−0.07
Conservative  1060.25−5.41
Outdoors  400.09—
Ban 1080  400.09−0.05
United Future  320.08−0.13
People's Party  310.07—
Democrats  120.03−0.06
Mana  70.02−0.19 [lower-alpha 1]
Internet  30.01−0.20 [lower-alpha 2]
Informal votes423140
Total Valid votes41,52642,410
Turnout 42,55083.20 [5] +2.55
National holdMajority13,99634.00−8.15

2014 election

2014 general election: Bay of Plenty [6] [7]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Todd Muller 21,73560.69−6.7921,09657.66−0.14
Labour Clare Wilson6,63918.54+1.604,78313.07−0.69
NZ First Ray Dolman4,54212.68+2.145,10013.94+1.31
Conservative Deborah Cunliffe1,3223.69−0.032,0725.66+1.54
Independent Coalition Brendan Horan 1,2813.58+3.581040.28+0.28
Democrats Tracy Livingston1600.45+0.45330.09+0.05
United Future Ben Rickard1350.38−0.23780.21−0.37
Green  2,6457.23−1.48
Māori  2070.57−0.02
Internet Mana  1870.51+0.51
Legalise Cannabis  1260.34−0.17
ACT  900.25−0.91
Ban 1080  500.14+0.14
Civilian  100.03+0.03
Focus  60.02+0.02
Informal votes37888
Total Valid votes36,19236,675
Turnout 36,64180.02 [8] +2.03
National holdMajority15,09642.15−8.78

2011 election

2011 general election: Bay of Plenty [9]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Tony Ryall 23,71067.48+2.6120,85357.80-0.89
Labour Carol Devoy-Heena5,95016.94+0.864,96513.76-6.43
NZ First Ray Dolman3,70410.54-0.794,46912.39+4.13
Conservative Peter Redman1,3063.72+3.721,4854.12+4.12
Mana Sharon Stevens2510.71+0.71910.25+0.25
United Future Brian Carter2130.61+0.112070.57-0.13
Green  3,1428.71+3.84
ACT  4181.16-1.75
Māori  2130.59-0.11
Legalise Cannabis  1830.51+0.14
Libertarianz  290.08+0.01
Democrats  130.04-0.01
Alliance  90.02-0.03
Informal votes879226
Total Valid votes35,13436,077
National holdMajority17,76050.55+1.75

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 46,546 [10]

2008 election

2008 general election: Bay of Plenty [11]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Tony Ryall 23,40264.88+6.6521,52658.70+9.57
Labour Carol Devoy-Heena5,79816.07-4.387,40420.19-7.89
NZ First Peter Brown 4,08711.33-2.303,0308.26-3.79
Kiwi Tony Christiansen 2,2586.26–7342.00–
ACT Francis Denz3460.96–1,0672.91+2.00
United Future Brian Carter1800.50-1.472580.70-3.19
Green  1,7874.87+1.55
Māori  2580.70+0.08
Progressive  1750.48-0.39
Bill and Ben  1440.39–
Legalise Cannabis  1350.37+0.20
Family Party  600.16–
Libertarianz  250.07+0.04
Alliance  210.06+0.05
Democrats  180.05+0.01
Pacific  170.05–
RAM  90.02–
RONZ  30.01-0.00
Workers Party  30.01–
Informal votes325118
Total Valid votes36,07136,674
National holdMajority17,60448.80+11.03

2005 election

2005 general election: Bay of Plenty [12]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Tony Ryall 20,94157.8217,93448.95
Labour Pauline Scott7,35720.3110,25227.98
NZ First Peter Brown 4,90313.544,39912.01
Green Ian Stephens1,1813.261,2133.31
United Future Jeff Leigh7071.951,4213.88
Destiny Roberta Maxwell3170.882790.76
Māori Te Orohi Paul3140.872260.62
Progressive Ronnie Stewart-Ward2170.60–3160.86
Direct Democracy Mike Robertson270.07100.03
ACT  3320.91
Legalise Cannabis  630.17
Christian Heritage  200.05
Democrats  130.04
Libertarianz  120.03
Family Rights  60.02
RONZ  40.0
99 MP  30.01
Alliance  30.01
One NZ  20.01
Informal votes129255
Total Valid votes36,21936,637
National holdMajority13,58437.51

2002 election

2002 general election: Bay of Plenty [13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Tony Ryall 12,97542.957,13023.29
NZ First Peter Brown 7,37824.426,89622.53
Labour Mei Matere Taare6,49421.499,45730.89
United Future John Cassidy1,2314.072,5068.19
Green Te Ruruanga Te Keeti1,0983.631,6915.52
Christian Heritage Richard Holland4161.383501.14
ACT Graham Douglas Steenson3711.231,4514.74
Progressive John Neill2490.822390.78
ORNZ  5691.86
Christian Heritage  3501.14
Alliance  1620.53
Legalise Cannabis  1220.40
One NZ  150.05
Mana Māori  130.04
NMP  30.01
Informal votes21486
Total Valid votes30,21230,611
National holdMajority5,59718.53

1999 election

1999 general election: Bay of Plenty [14] [15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Green check.svgY Tony Ryall 15,78146.0011,35032.91
Labour Terry Hughes8,67925.3011,34232.89
NZ First Peter Brown 4,18512.203,1789.22
Green Margaret Collins1,8155.291,8475.36
Alliance John Neill1,3383.901,7695.13
Future NZ Judy Turner 1,1613.381,2103.51
Christian Heritage Joyce Stevens6591.927952.31
ACT Lynne Cook5201.522,1386.20
Te Tawharau Willie Coates1000.29
Natural Law Meike van Batenburg700.20280.08
Legalise Cannabis  2550.74
United NZ  1810.52
Libertarianz  1390.40
One NZ  720.21
Mana Māori  570.17
McGillicuddy Serious  500.14
Animals First  410.12
NMP  80.02
Freedom Movement60.02
People's Choice Party 60.02
Mauri Pacific  50.01
South Island  40.01
Republican  30.01
Informal votes448272
Total Valid votes34,30834,484
National holdMajority7,102

1996 election

1996 general election: Bay of Plenty [16] [17] [18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green check.svgY or Red x.svgN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
National Tony Ryall 13,92342.6311,38734.73
NZ First Peter Brown 8,77026.857,23722.07
Labour Julie Tucker5,35416.397,01621.40
Alliance Jim Bennett2,6097.992,7328.33
Christian Coalition Judy Turner 1,2533.841,8845.75
ACT Reg Turner 3591.101,5134.61
McGillicuddy Serious Mark Servian2250.691080.33
Te Tawharau Rangitukehu David Paul780.24420.13
Natural Law Lew Cormack670.21440.13
Progressive Greens Graeme Leech240.07650.20
Legalise Cannabis  4461.36
United NZ  1690.52
Animals First  510.16
Superannuitants & Youth 330.10
Mana Māori  190.06
Green Society 170.05
Conservatives 120.04
Libertarianz  100.03
Advance New Zealand40.01
Asia Pacific United 10.00
Ethnic Minority Party 10.00
Informal votes246117
Total Valid votes32,66232,791
National win new seatMajority5,15315.78

1957 by-election

1957 Bay of Plenty by-election [19]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
National Percy Allen 5,290 53.99
Labour Thomas Godfrey Santon4,09141.75
Liberal Reginald Joseph Pedley4174.26
Majority1,19912.24
Informal votes350.36
Turnout 9,23372.15
Registered electors 13,628
National hold Swing

1941 by-election

1941 Bay of Plenty by-election [20]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
National Bill Sullivan 4,675 60.72
Labour Charles Mills3,02439.27
Informal votes1361.76
Majority1,65121.44
Turnout 7,699

1938 election

1938 general election: Bay of Plenty [21]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Labour Gordon Hultquist 4,964 50.54 +7.43
National Bill Sullivan 4,79548.81
Informal votes650.65-0.10
Majority1691.72-5.08
Turnout 9,82192.51-2.91
Registered electors 10,616

1935 election

1935 general election: Bay of Plenty [22]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Labour Gordon Hultquist 3,519 43.11
United John Tom Merry2,96436.31
Democrat Harry Harker1,67820.56
Informal votes620.75
Majority5556.80
Turnout 8,16189.60
Registered electors 9,108

1920 by-election

1920 Bay of Plenty by-election [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Reform Kenneth Williams 2,381 57.93
Liberal Frederick John Lysnar1,72942.07
Majority65215.86
Turnout 4,110

1908 election

1908 general election: Bay of Plenty, first ballot [24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Liberal William MacDonald 2,413 46.65
Conservative James Gow 1,970 37.27
Independent David Lundon90217.06
Majority4438.38
Turnout 5,28577.99
Registered electors 6,776
1908 general election: Bay of Plenty, second ballot [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Liberal William MacDonald 2,650 54.59
Conservative James Gow 2,20445.40
Majority4469.18
Turnout 485471.63
Registered electors 6,776

1905 election

1905 general election: Bay of Plenty [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Conservative William Herries 3,251 51.23 +2.84
Independent Joseph Foster3,04047.91
Majority2113.32-6.26
Turnout 6,34582.40+6.29
Registered electors 7,700

1902 election

1902 general election: Bay of Plenty [27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Conservative William Herries 2,110 48.39 -4.87
Liberal David Lundon 1,43432.88-13.68
Independent Charles Jordan4299.83
Independent J. E. Taylor3878.87
Majority6769.58+3.07
Turnout 4,36076.11-6.67
Registered electors 5,728

1899 election

1899 general election: Bay of Plenty [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Conservative William Herries 2,110 53.26 +1.10
Liberal David Lundon [29] 1,85246.74
Majority2586.51+2.21
Turnout 3,96282.78+5.09
Registered electors 4,786

1896 election

1896 general election: Bay of Plenty [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Conservative William Herries 1,600 52.15
Liberal William Kelly 1,46847.85+6.86
Majority1324.30+3.64
Turnout 3,06877.69+9.64
Registered electors 3,949

1893 election

1893 general election: Bay of Plenty [31] [32] [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%±
Liberal William Kelly 1,162 40.99
Conservative Henry Burton95333.62
Liberal Charles Jordan58320.56
Independent George Vesey Stewart 1164.09
Independent Thomas Mace Humphreys190.67
Liberal William Fraser20.07
Majority2097.37
Turnout 2,83568.05
Registered electors 4,166

Notes

  1. ↑ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election.
  2. ↑ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election.

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Te Tai Tokerau is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was created out of the Northern Maori electorate ahead of the first Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) election in 1996. It was first held by Tau Henare representing New Zealand First for one term, and then Dover Samuels of the Labour Party for two terms. From 2005 to 2014, it was held by MP Hone Harawira. Initially a member of the Māori Party, Harawira resigned from both the party and then Parliament, causing the 2011 by-election. He was returned under the Mana Party banner in July 2011 and confirmed at the November 2011 general election. In the 2014 election, he was beaten by Labour's Kelvin Davis, ending the representation of the Mana Party in Parliament.

Waiariki (New Zealand electorate)

Waiariki is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was first established for the 1999 election. Since the 2017 election, it has been held by former broadcaster Tamati Coffey after he defeated Te Ururoa Flavell.

Wellington Central (New Zealand electorate)

Wellington Central is an electorate, represented by a Member of Parliament in the New Zealand House of Representatives. Its MP since November 2008 has been Labour Party's Grant Robertson.

Rangitata (New Zealand electorate)

Rangitata is an electorate in the South Island of New Zealand. It first existed for two parliamentary terms in the late 19th century and was re-established for the 2008 general election. It largely replaced the Aoraki electorate, but included parts of the Rakaia electorate as well. It is held by Andrew Falloon of the National Party. Rangitata is a relatively safe National seat, though not as safe relative to its surrounding neighbours Selwyn and Waitaki due to both Timaru and Temuka being Labour Party strongholds.

Candidates in the 1999 New Zealand general election by electorate

67 members of the New Zealand House of Representatives were to be elected in the general election on 27 November 1999. The tables below show the candidates for each electorate. Incumbent electorate MPs are highlighted in blue, and those candidates who were members of the previous parliament via their party list—regardless of which electorate they previously contested—are highlighted in red.

References

  1. ↑ "Tony Ryall to retire". Stuff NZ (Fairfax). 27 February 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  2. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 59f.
  3. ↑ Bassett 1982, pp. 66f.
  4. ↑ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Bay of Plenty - Official Result". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  5. ↑ "Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate". Electoral Commission . Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  6. ↑ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Official Count Results – Bay of Plenty". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  7. ↑ "New Zealand Parliament – Bay of Plenty: Electoral Profile". Parliament.nz. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  8. ↑ "2014 General Election Voter Turnout Statistics – Bay of Plenty". Electoral Commission. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  9. ↑ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Official Count Results – Bay of Plenty". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  10. ↑ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  11. ↑ "Official Count Results – Bay of Plenty". Electionresults.govt.nz. 22 November 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  12. ↑ "Official Count Results – Bay of Plenty". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  13. ↑ "Official Count Results – Bay of Plenty". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
  14. ↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  16. ↑ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Bay of Plenty, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  17. ↑ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  18. ↑ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  19. ↑ Norton 1988, p. 200.
  20. ↑ Declaration of Result of Poll. Bay of Plenty Beacon. 4. 5 January 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  21. ↑ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  22. ↑ The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  23. ↑ "Final Return". Grey River Argus. 1 October 1920. p. 3. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  24. ↑ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 07.
  25. ↑ AtoJs 1908 election 1909, p. 19.
  26. ↑ "THE GENERAL ELECTION, 1905". Atojs.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  27. ↑ "THE GENERAL ELECTION, 1902". Atojs.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  28. ↑ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 1. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  29. ↑ "The Electoral District of Bay of Plenty". Bay Of Plenty Times. XXIV (3932). 1 December 1899. p. 2. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  30. ↑ "The General Election". Auckland Star . XXVII (305). 23 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
  31. ↑ The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  32. ↑ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times . 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  33. ↑ "Public Notice". Bay of Plenty Times . 20 November 1893. p. 5. Retrieved 28 November 2013.

Bibliography

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