British royal residences are palaces, castles and houses which are occupied by members of the British royal family in the United Kingdom. The current residences are owned by the Crown, by the Duchy of Cornwall, and privately by members of the royal family; all the official residences are owned by the Crown. [1] [2] Some official residences, such as the Palace of Holyroodhouse and Hillsborough Castle, serve primarily ceremonial functions and are rarely used residentially.
The occupied royal residences are cared for and maintained by the Property Section of the Royal Households of the United Kingdom. [1] Public opening is overseen by the Royal Collection Trust. [3] The unoccupied royal palaces of England, along with Hillsborough Castle, are the responsibility of Historic Royal Palaces.
Unlike the other nations of the United Kingdom, there is no official residence for a member of the royal family in Wales. [4]
| Residence | Location | Ownership | Residents | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckingham Palace | London, England | The Crown | The King and Queen | The King and Queen use Buckingham Palace for official business but do not reside there. [5] |
| Clarence House | Grace and favour Clarence House is the current London residence for the King and Queen | |||
| Kensington Palace |
| Also in part a Historic Royal Palace, otherwise, grace and favour | ||
| St James's Palace | Grace and favour | |||
| Windsor Castle | Windsor, Berkshire, England | The King and Queen | Official country residence | |
| Holyrood Palace | Edinburgh, Scotland | Used whenever the royal family undertake official duties in Scotland: primarily 'Holyrood week' in July | ||
| Hillsborough Castle | County Down, Northern Ireland | Used whenever the royal family undertake official duties in Northern Ireland. Also, a Historic Royal Palace. [6] |
| Residence | Location | Ownership | Residents | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ivy Cottage | Kensington Palace, London | The Crown | Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank | Current residence, leased from the Crown Estate |
| Wren House | The Duke of Kent | Official London residence, also a Historic Royal Palaces, grace and favour | ||
| Thatched House Lodge | Richmond, London | Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy | Official country residence, leased from the Crown Estate |
| Residence | Location | Type | Residents | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adelaide Cottage | Windsor Estate, Berkshire, England | The Crown | The Prince and Princess of Wales | Located in Windsor Home Park, close to Windsor Castle |
| Royal Lodge | Andrew Mountbatten Windsor | Leased from the Crown Estate | ||
| Bagshot Park | Bagshot, England | The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh |
| Residence | Location | Type | Residents | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balmoral Castle | Aberdeenshire, Scotland | Private | The King and Queen | August and September, inherited from Elizabeth II. |
| Birkhall | Balmoral Estate, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | Previously owned by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother; located on the estate of Balmoral Castle. Charles inherited the home when his grandmother died in 2002. | ||
| Craigowan Lodge | Balmoral Estate, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | Inherited from Elizabeth II. | ||
| Tam-Na-Ghar | Balmoral Estate, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | The Prince and Princess of Wales | Previously owned by Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother; located on the estate of Balmoral Castle. William inherited the home shortly before his great-grandmother's death. |
| Residence | Location | Type | Residents | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sandringham House | Sandringham, Norfolk, England | Private | The King and Queen | Christmas until February, inherited from Elizabeth II |
| Anmer Hall | Sandringham Estate, Norfolk, England | The Prince and Princess of Wales | Located on the grounds of Sandringham House. Wedding gift from Elizabeth II to Prince William and Catherine [7] | |
| Highgrove House | Gloucestershire, England | Duchy of Cornwall | The King and Queen | Control of the house was transferred to William, Prince of Wales, when he inherited the Duchy of Cornwall. [8] |
| Gatcombe Park | Minchinhampton, England | Private | The Princess Royal |
| Residence | Location | Royals and Dates |
|---|---|---|
| 145 Piccadilly | Piccadilly | Prince Albert, Duke of York and Elizabeth, Duchess of York and Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret of York (1926–1936) |
| Albany House / The Albany | Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (1791–1802) | |
| 15 Portman Square | Marylebone | Leased by Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife in the weeks prior to his marriage to Princess Louise of Wales. London residence of Princess Louise from 1889 until her death in 1931. |
| 3 Belgrave Square | Belgravia, London | London home of Prince George, Duke of Kent and his wife Princess Marina following their marriage in 1934 until the outbreak of World War II. Birthplace of their son Prince Edward, 2nd Duke of Kent and daughter Princess Alexandra of Kent. [9] [10] |
| 32 Green Street | Mayfair, London | Owned by Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster, in 1931 Queen Mary (consort of George V) suggested the house should be available as a royal residence for her daughter Mary, Princess Royal and son-in-law Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood. The Princess and Earl lived at the house until the outbreak of World War II, and the house was sold back to the Grosvenor Estate in 1946. [11] |
| 41 Belgrave Square | Belgravia, London | 41 Belgrave Square was the London residence of HRH Prince Arthur of Connaught and his wife Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife from c. 1920 [12] until Prince Arthur's death in 1938. [13] The House was later sold in 1939. [14] |
| 54 Mount Street | Mayfair, London | London residence of Prince Arthur of Connaught and Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife following their marriage in 1913 until September 1916. [15] |
| 8 South Audley Street ("Cambridge House" until 1830) | South Audley Street, Mayfair, London | Caroline of Brunswick (c. 1820 – 1821), Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (c. 1819 – 1830), Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (1826) |
| Bentley Priory | Borough of Harrow | Queen Adelaide (leased 1846/8–1849) |
| Bridewell Palace | City of London | Henry VIII; Edward VI (1515–1523, owned until 1556) |
| Bushy House | Teddington | William IV; the FitzClarences, Dorothea Jordan, Adelaide of Saxe-Meinigen (1797–1849; still owned) |
| Cambridge House | Piccadilly | Official London residence of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (1829–1850) |
| Cambridge Cottage | Kew | |
| Carlton House | Westminster | George IV (1783–1827; demolished and Carlton House Terrace constructed on the site, owned by the Crown Estate) |
| Castle Hill Lodge | Ealing | Used by Maria Anne Fitzherbert from October 1795 and George, Prince of Wales; then, bought by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (father of Queen Victoria), who spent £100,000 enhancing the house (£9.62 million in 2023). [16] His aide-de-camp, General Sir Frederick Augustus Wetherall, bought the house to rescue the Duchess from creditors following the Duke of Kent's death. The house was demolished in 1845 by General Sir George Augustus Wetherall. |
| Chelsea Manor | Chelsea | Princess Elizabeth; Anne of Cleves (1536–1547, c. 1547–1557) |
| Chesterfield House | Westminster | London home of Princess Mary (1923–1932) – purchased by Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood in 1919, vacated by the couple in late 1931 and sold in 1934. |
| Crosby Hall | Chelsea | Richard, Duke of Gloucester (mid–late 15th century) [17] |
| Cumberland House | Pall Mall | Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany (c. 1761 – 1767, during which time the building was known as "York House"), and Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland |
| Dolphin Square | Embankment | Anne, Princess Royal rented a flat here |
| Dover House | Whitehall | Prince Frederick, Duke of York (1788–1792) |
| East Sheen Lodge | Richmond upon-Thames | Princess Louise, Princess Royal (1889–1908) |
| Gloucester House, Mayfair | Piccadilly | Prince William, Duke of Gloucester died here in 1805, as did his daughter-in-law Princess Mary, the last surviving child of George III, on 30 April 1857 |
| Gunnersbury Park | Borough of Hounslow | Summer retreat of Princess Amelia (1760–1786) |
| Hampton Court Palace | Richmond-upon-Thames | The Crown, since Henry VIII (1525), now managed by Historic Royal Palace agency |
| Hanworth Manor | Borough of Hounslow | Henry VII; Henry VIII; Elizabeth I; also Anne Boleyn and Katherine Parr |
| Kensington Palace | Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London | Built for King William III and Queen Mary II during the late 17th century. Occupied by subsequent monarchs Anne, Queen of Great Britain, George I of Great Britain, and George II of Great Britain. Divided into various residences and apartments from the reign of King George III. Apartment 1: Encompasses parts of the Palace currently known as Apartment 1 and Apartment 1A. Occupants include Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex from 1805 to 1843, and then by his morganatic widow Cecilia Underwood, Duchess of Inverness until 1873. Occupied by Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll from c. 1874 to 1939. Separated from Apartment 1A in the mid-1950s, occupants of the reduced Apartment 1 have included Princess Marina from c. 1955 until her death in 1968. Home of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester from 1969 until his death in 1974, and then by his widow Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester until her death in 2004. Subsequently used by their son Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and his family until 2019. Apartment 1A: Divided from Apartment 1 during the mid-1950s. Occupants include Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon from 1963 until her death in 2002. Used as the official London residence of William, Prince of Wales, Catherine, Princess of Wales and their children since 2012. Apartment 2: Encompasses part of the State Rooms and floors below, created as an apartment for Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn in 1898, and birthplace of his only child Queen Victoria in 1819. Follow his death in 1820 Apartment 2 was occupied by his widow Victoria, Duchess of Kent until her daughters accession in 1837. Granted to the Queen's cousin Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck in 1867, who lived their with her family (including her daughter, future Queen Consort Princess Mary of Teck) until 1883. London residence of Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom from c. 1896 until her death in 1944. Apartment 4: Granted to Helen, Dowager Duchess of Albany in 1917. Following her death in 1922, granted to her daughter Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone until her own death in 1981. Apartments 6 & 7: Apartment 7 was granted to Queen Victoria's granddaughter Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven in 1922. Apartment 6 was merged with this Apartment in 1925. Lived in by her grandson Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh when in London prior to his marriage to The Princess Elizabeth in 1947. Following Lady Milford Haven's death in 1950, Apartment 7 was granted to Queen Mary's niece Mary, Duchess of Beaufort and her husband, the-then Master of the Horse Henry Somerset, 10th Duke of Beaufort until c. 1979. Apartment 8: Granted to Lady Patricia Ramsay (formerly Princess Patricia of Connaught) in 1939, vacated after bombing damage in 1940. Combined with Apartment 9 and used as the official London residence of Charles, Prince of Wales and Diana, Princess of Wales from 1981, occupied by Princess Diana after their separation in 1993 until her death in 1997. Apartment 10: Granted to Queen Victoria's grandson Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke from 1956 until his death in 1960. Occupied by Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and her husband Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of Snowdon following their marriage in 1960 whilst renovations were underway at the larger Apartment 1A. Vacated by the Snowdons in 1963, used as the London residence of Prince Michael of Kent since 1978. |
| Kennington Palace | Kennington | Built by Edward the Black Prince around 1350. Demolished c.1531 to provide materials for the Palace of Whitehall. |
| Kew Palace | Kew | Frederick, Prince of Wales; George III; The Crown since mid-18th century; managed by Historic Royal Palaces |
| Lancaster House | Westminster | |
| Leicester House | Frederick, Prince of Wales (c. 1730–1751) | |
| Tower of London | City of London | Now managed by Historic Royal Palaces |
| Marlborough House | Westminster | Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh; Queen Adelaide (1837–1849); Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra, Princess of Wales (1863–1901); George, Prince of Wales and Mary, Princess of Wales (1901–1910). Occupied by Queen Mary 1945–1953. |
| Nonsuch Palace | Built by Henry VIII, later dismantled and sold-off by Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland | |
| Norfolk House | Frederick, Prince of Wales | |
| Nottingham Cottage | grounds of Kensington Palace | |
| Palace of Placentia | The Palace at Greenwich, acquired by Margaret of Anjou (consort to Henry VI). Demolished and rebuilt for Charles II in 1664 (King Charles Wing).Given by Queen Mary to Trustees for the Royal Hospital for Seamen (now referred to as the Old Royal Naval College) who have leased it to Trinity Laban University. | |
| Queen's House | Greenwich | Built in the Gardens of the Palace of Greenwich for Anne of Denmark, consort to James I a small part of a proposed rebuilding of Greenwich (Placentia) Palace. Given by Queen Mary to Trustees for the Royal Hospital for Seamen (now referred to as the Old Royal Naval College). Part of the National Maritime Museum. |
| Richmond Palace | Also known as Palace of Sheen, Royal residence 1327 to 1649. A few above ground remains survive in Palace Yard, Richmond | |
| Savile House | Leicester Square | |
| Savoy Palace | ||
| Schomberg House | Pall Mall | Princess Helena (until 1923) and daughters Princess Helena Victoria and Princess Marie Louise (1920–1939) [18] |
| Somerset House | Queen Elizabeth I; Queen Henrietta Maria | |
| Sussex House | Upper Mall, Hammersmith | Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex |
| Palace of Westminster | Anglo-Saxon era – 1530 | |
| Palace of Whitehall | 1530–1698 | |
| White Lodge | Richmond | Princess Amelia of Great Britain; George III and Queen Charlotte; Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh; Albert Edward, Prince of Wales; Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge and family; Prince Albert, Duke of York and Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (c. 1740–1923) |
| York House, St James's Palace | Caroline of Brunswick in 1795, prior to her marriage to The Prince of Wales. London residence of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (later King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover) from c. 1800 until his death in 1851. Granted to the widowed Augusta, Duchess of Cambridge in 1852 until her death in 1889. Official London residence of Prince George, Duke of York (later George V) and Mary of Teck from 1893 until 1902. Granted to Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII) in 1919. After the Abdication of King Edward VIII, York House became the London residence of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and his family from c. 1937 until 1969. Later occupants include Prince Edward, 2nd Duke of Kent and Charles, Prince of Wales. |
| Residence | Location | Royals and Dates |
|---|---|---|
| Bodorgan Hall | Bodorgan, Anglesey, Wales | Prince William and Catherine lived in a four-bedroom cottage on the Bodorgan Hall estate from 2010 to 2013. Their son Prince George (b. July 2013) spent his first months on the estate. [20] [21] |
| Caernarfon Castle | Caernarfon, Wales | Edward I (until 1283; still owned) |
| Castell y Bere | Llanfihangel-y-Pennant, Wales | Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales (until 1284) then Edward I |
| Criccieth Castle | Criccieth, Wales | |
| Dolbadarn Castle | Llanberis, Wales | Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales (and Princes of Wales until 1284) then Edward I |
| Dolwyddelan Castle | Dolwyddelan, Wales | Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales (until 1284) then Edward I |
| Llwynywermod | Myddfai, Wales | Former country residence of Charles, Prince of Wales |
| Residence | Location | Royals and Dates |
|---|---|---|
| Villa Windsor | Paris, France | The Duke and Duchess of Windsor (1937–1986) |
| Dublin Castle | Dublin, Republic of Ireland | Seat of Lords and Kings of Ireland (1171–1922) |
| E.P. Ranch | Pekisko, Alberta, Canada | Edward VIII (1919–1962) |
| Les Jolies Eaux | Mustique, St Vincent | Gift to Princess Margaret. Sold by her son Viscount Linley in 2000. |
| Les Bruyeres | Cap Ferrat, France | Owned by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (1921–1942) |
| Sagana Lodge | Kenya | |
| Verdala Palace | Siġġiewi, Malta | |
| San Anton Palace | Attard, Malta | |
| Grandmaster's Palace | Valletta, Malta | |
| Villa Guardamangia | Pietà, Malta |