List of alternative metal artists

Faith No More is often credited for inventing the alternative metal genre.

This is a list of alternative metal artists. Alternative metal (or alt-metal) is a genre of heavy metal music that combines heavy metal with influences from alternative rock and other genres not normally associated with metal. ^{[2] [3]} Alternative metal bands are often characterized by heavily downtuned, mid-paced guitar riffs, a mixture of accessible melodic vocals and harsh vocals and sometimes unconventional sounds within other heavy metal styles. ^[2] The term has been in use since the 1980s, ^[4] although it came into prominence in the 1990s. ^[5]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Band	Active	Notes
10 Years [6] [7] [8]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge [6] and progressive metal. [6] [9]
12 Stones [10] [11]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge, [10] alternative rock [12] and Christian rock. [11]
36 Crazyfists [13]	No	Also classed as metalcore, [14] post-hardcore [13] and nu metal. [15] [16]
311 [17]	Yes	Also classed as reggae rock, [18] alternative rock, [19] rap metal, [20] funk rock, [21] rap rock, [22] and funk metal.
3Teeth [23]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal, [23] [24] [25] [26] industrial, [23] [27] [28] industrial rock, [29] [30] [31] electronic rock, [28] electro-industrial, [32] and nu metal. [33]
40 Below Summer [34]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal [35] and hard rock. [36]
Adema [37]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, [37] alternative rock, [38] and post-grunge. [39]
Alcest [40]	Yes	Also classed as post-metal, [41] shoegaze, [42] [43] [44] [45] blackgaze, [46] post-black metal, [47] and black metal (early). [40]
All Ends [48]	No	Also classed as alternative rock and hard rock.
Alice in Chains [49] [50]	Yes	Also classed as grunge, heavy metal, doom metal, sludge metal, and alternative rock. [51] [52] [53] [54]
Alien Ant Farm [55]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [56] [57] nu metal, [58] [59] [60] punk rock, [61] and pop punk. [62]
Alter Bridge [63]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, [64] [63] [65] [66] [67] heavy metal, [63] [66] [67] post-grunge, [65] progressive metal, [68] and alternative rock. [69]
American Head Charge [70]	No	Also classed as nu metal [71] and industrial metal. [72]
American Standards [73]	Yes	Also classed as mathcore, metalcore, post hardcore and hardcore punk.
Anew Revolution [74]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal.
Apartment 26 [75] [76]	No	Also classed as nu metal. [77] and industrial metal.
A Perfect Circle [78] [79] [80]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [78] [79] [81] progressive rock, [82] [83] and art rock. [78] [79] [84] [85]
Apocalyptica [86]	Yes	Also classed as neoclassical metal and symphonic metal. [86]
Architects [87]	Yes	Also classed as mathcore (early), metalcore, post-hardcore and progressive metalcore.
Art of Anarchy [88]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge, hard rock, and alternative rock.
Asking Alexandria [89]	Yes	Also classed as electronicore, hard rock, heavy metal, metalcore and post-hardcore.
At the Drive-In [90]	On hiatus	Also classed as post-hardcore.
Audioslave [91]	No	Also classed as hard rock, [91] funk rock, and alternative rock.
Avatar [92]	Yes	Also classed as melodic death metal, groove metal, progressive metal, and industrial metal.
Avenged Sevenfold [93]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, hard rock, progressive metal, and metalcore (early).
Babymetal [94] [95]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, death metal, speed metal and j-pop.
Bad Brains [96]	Yes	1986 album I Against I recognized as one of the first alternative metal albums. Also classed as hardcore punk and reggae rock.
Bad Omens [97]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore.
Baroness [98] [99]	Yes	Also classed as sludge metal, progressive metal and post-rock.
Beartooth [100]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, hardcore, post-hardcore, and hard rock.
Black Veil Brides [101]	Yes	Also classed as melodic metalcore, glam metal, heavy metal, and hard rock.
Breaking Benjamin [102] [103]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock [104] and post-grunge. [102]
Bring Me the Horizon [105] [106]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [107] [108] metalcore, [109] [110] deathcore, [111] and post-hardcore. [112]
Bullet for My Valentine [113]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, heavy metal, metalcore and thrash metal. [114]
Butthole Surfers [115]	On hiatus	Also classed as alternative rock, neo-psychedelia, experimental rock and hardcore punk.
Chevelle [116] [117]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, [118] [119] post-grunge, [120] [121] alternative rock, [122] nu metal, [123] and indie rock. [116]
CKY [124]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge, alternative rock, stoner rock, and hard rock.
Clawfinger [125]	Yes	Also classed as rap metal, industrial metal and nu metal. [126] [127] [128]
Clutch [129] [130] [131]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, stoner rock, blues rock, post-hardcore (early), funk metal [131] and hardcore punk (early). [132]
Coal Chamber [133] [134] [135]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, [133] [136] [137] [138] [139] industrial metal [133] and gothic metal. [133]
Code Orange [140]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, [140] [141] [142] hardcore punk, [143] [144] industrial hardcore, [145] and industrial metal . [146]
Cold [147]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge, hard rock and alternative rock.
Coldrain [148]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, post-hardcore, metalcore, hard rock and punk rock.
Cyclone Temple [149]	No	Also classed as thrash metal [150] and progressive metal.
Daron Malakian and Scars on Broadway [151]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock.
Days of the New [152]	No	Also classed as alternative rock and post-grunge.
Decyfer Down [153]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock and post-grunge.[ citation needed ]
Defrage [153]	No	Also classed as alternative rock and post-grunge.[ citation needed ]
Deftones [154]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, experimental rock, [155] post-metal, [156] [157] post-hardcore, [158] and art rock. [159] [160]
Demon Hunter [161] [162]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, nu metal, groove metal, and Christian metal.
Depswa [163]	On hiatus	Also classed as nu metal. [164]
Devilskin [165]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock and heavy metal.
Disturbed [166]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal (early), hard rock, [167] and heavy metal.
Dir En Grey [168]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal, nu metal, death metal, experimental metal, progressive metal, and extreme metal.
Dog Fashion Disco [169]	Yes	Also classed as experimental metal.
Dope [170]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal and nu metal
downset. [171]	Yes	Also classed as rap metal, funk metal, hardcore punk and rapcore. [172]
Drowning Pool [173]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, heavy metal, hard rock and post-grunge.
Earshot [174]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock and post-grunge.
Earthtone9 [175]	Yes
Echobrain [176] [177]	No
Enter Shikari [178] [179]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, [180] electronicore and post-hardcore.
Evanescence [181]	Yes	Also classed as gothic metal, nu metal, [182] hard rock [183] and symphonic metal [184]
Failure [185] [186]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [187] art rock, [188] space rock [185] and post-grunge [189] [190] [191]
Fair to Midland [192]	On hiatus	Also classed as progressive rock.
Faith No More [50] [193] [194]	Yes	Recognized as one of the earliest alternative metal bands. Also classed as funk metal, experimental metal and alternative rock. [195]
Fantômas [196]	Yes	Also classed as experimental metal.
Fear Factory [197]	Yes	Recognized as one of the first heavy metal bands to fuse metal with industrial and electronic stylings. Also classed as industrial metal and death metal. [198]
Fightstar [199] [200]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore, [201] [202] [203] alternative rock, [204] emo, [205] and heavy metal. [206]
Finger Eleven [207]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, post-grunge, hard rock and funk metal.
Filter [208] [209]	Yes	Also classed as industrial rock, industrial metal and post-grunge.
Five Finger Death Punch [210] [211]	Yes	Also classed as groove metal, [212] [213] [214] [215] nu metal, [216] [217] heavy metal, [218] and hard rock. [219]
Flyleaf [220]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, Christian rock and post-grunge.
From Ashes to New [221]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, rap metal and rap rock.
Fuel [222]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock and post-grunge.
Fudge Tunnel [223]	No	Also classed as noise rock and sludge metal.
Full Devil Jacket [224]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge. [224]
Full Scale [225]	No	Also classed as post-grunge [225]
Funeral for a Friend [226]	Yes	Also classed as emo, post-hardcore, screamo and melodic hardcore.
Glassjaw [227] [228]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore, hardcore punk, progressive rock and experimental rock
Godsmack [229] [230]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, [231] heavy metal, [229] post-grunge, [229] and nu metal. [232] [233] [234]
Green Jellÿ [235]	Yes	Also classed as comedy rock.
Grinspoon [236]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge, alternative rock and nu metal
Guano Apes [237]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, nu metal, [238] rap rock, post-grunge, pop rock, pop punk, punk rock and hard rock
Hayko Cepkin [239]	Yes	Also classed as alternative metal, heavy metal [239] and industrial rock.
Halestorm [240]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock and alternative rock.
Handsome [241]	No	Also classed as post-hardcore. [241]
Helmet [50] [193] [242]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore, [243] noise rock, [193] alternative rock, [242] [244] groove metal, [242] post-metal [245] and experimental metal. [246]
Hollywood Undead [247]	Yes	Also classed as rap rock, alternative rock, nu metal, rap metal, hard rock and hip hop.
I Prevail [248]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, post-hardcore, pop punk, hard rock, rap metal, and nu metal.
Ill Niño [249]	Yes	Also classed as Latin metal, [250] [251] nu metal [250] [252] [253] and metalcore. [254] [255]
Infectious Grooves [256]	Yes	Also classed as funk metal [257] [258]
In Flames [259]	Yes	Also classed as melodic death metal.
In This Moment [260] [261] [262]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, [263] [264] [265] melodic metalcore, [266] [267] [268] [269] hard rock, [270] [271] [272] industrial metal, [264] gothic metal, [273] and nu metal. [274]
Incubus [50] [275]	Yes [276]	Also classed as funk metal (early), [50] [275] nu metal (early), [277] [278] [279] [280] [281] rap metal (early), [282] alternative rock (later) [275] and art rock (later). [283]
Jane's Addiction [50] [193] [194] [235]	On hiatus	Also classed as alternative rock [284] and progressive rock. [193]
Jerry Cantrell [285]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [285] heavy metal, [285] and grunge. [285]
Jesters of Destiny [194]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, hard rock and psychedelic rock.
The Jesus Lizard [193]	Yes	Also classed as noise-rock [193] and post-hardcore.
Karnivool [193]	Yes	Also classed as progressive metal, progressive rock, alternative rock and nu metal (early)
Kittie [286]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, extreme metal, heavy metal, screamo, punk, thrash metal, hard rock, alt-punk and death metal.
Korn [287] [50] [193]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, industrial metal, [288] rap metal, [289] funk metal, [290] groove metal [291] and dark metal. [292] [293]
L7 [294]	Yes	Also classed as grunge, [294] punk rock and riot grrrl. [294]
Lacuna Coil [295]	Yes	Also classed as gothic metal [296] and dark metal. [297]
Life of Agony [298]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, grunge, and post-grunge.
Lifer [299]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal.
Leprous [300]	Yes	Also classed as progressive metal [300]
Limp Bizkit [301]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, [50] rap metal [50] and rap rock. [302] [303]
Linkin Park [304] [305] [306]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, [307] [308] [309] rap rock, [304] [310] electronic rock [306] and rap metal. [307]
Living Colour [50] [193]	Yes	Also classed as funk metal, heavy metal and hard rock.[ citation needed ]
Loathe [311]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, melodic hardcore, nu metal, progressive metal, post-metal and shoegaze.
Lostprophets [312]	No	Also classed as alternative rock, post-hardcore and nu metal.
Love and Death [313]	Yes	Also classed as Christian metal and nu metal.
The Lounge Kittens [314]	No	Also classed as lounge music, rock music, parody music, and comedy rock.
Machine Head [315]	Yes	Also classed as groove metal, thrash metal, and nu metal.
Mallavora [316] [317]	Yes
Major Moment [318]	Yes
Marilyn Manson [193]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal, [319] industrial rock, shock rock and alternative rock. [320]
Mastodon [321] [322]	Yes	Also classed as sludge metal, progressive metal and stoner metal.
Melvins [50] [323]	Yes	Also classed as various other genres, including grunge, sludge metal and doom metal
Mind Funk [324]	No	Also classed as funk metal, grunge and stoner rock.
Mind Over Four [325]	No	Also classed as progressive metal.
Motionless In White [326]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal, metalcore, gothic metal, and nu metal.
Mother Love Bone [50]	No	Also classed as grunge, glam metal, glam punk, [327] hard rock, funk metal [328] and heavy metal.
Mr. Bungle [329]	Yes	Also classed as various other genres, including avant-garde and funk metal.
Mt. Helium [330] [331]	No	Also classed as progressive metal, post-grunge and nu metal. Formerly known as The Apex Theory.
Mudvayne [332]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, [333] [334] [335] nu metal, [336] [337] [338] [339] progressive metal, [340] [341] [342] math metal [343] and groove metal. [344]
Mushroomhead [345] [346] [347]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, industrial metal, experimental metal and electro-industrial.[ citation needed ]
Nebula [348]	On hiatus	Also classed as stoner rock, heavy metal and psychedelic rock.
Nine Inch Nails [50] [193]	Yes	Also classed as industrial rock, industrial metal, dark ambient, and alternative rock. [349]
Nonpoint [350]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, hard rock, rap metal and groove metal.
Nothingface [351]	No	Also classed as nu metal.
Nothing More [352] [353] [354]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, hard rock, and progressive rock/metal.
Norma Jean [355]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, sludge metal and post-metal.
Northlane [356]	Yes	Also classed as djent, industrial metal, metalcore, nu metal and progressive metalcore.
Odd Crew [357]	Yes	Also classed as groove metal.
Okilly Dokilly [358] [359] [360] [361]	No	Also classed as heavy metal, metalcore, comedy rock, stoner rock, "Nedal", sludge metal, math metal, progressive rock, nu metal, experimental metal, art rock, bartcore, "krust" punk, and hardcore punk.
Only Living Witness [362]	No	Also classed as hardcore punk and grunge.
Orange 9mm [363]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore [364] and rap metal [365]
Orangutang [366]	No	Also classed as pop rock, [366] and alternative rock.
Orgy [367] [368] [369]	Yes	Also classed as industrial rock, [370] [371] industrial metal, [372] nu metal, [373] electronic rock [374] [375] and electropunk. [376]
Otep [377]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal [377] and death metal.
P.O.D. [378]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, rap metal, Christian metal, reggae rock.
Papa Roach [379]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, [380] alternative rock, [379] hard rock, [379] rap metal, and glam metal. [381] [382]
Passenger [383]	No	Also classed as nu metal. [383]
Paw [324]	No	Also classed as grunge and alternative rock.
Phoxjaw [384]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore and alternative rock.
Pitchshifter [385]	Yes	Also classed as industrial rock, nu metal and industrial metal. [386] [387] [388]
Porcupine Tree [389]	Yes	Also classed as progressive rock, progressive metal, alternative rock, psychedelic rock, and experimental rock.
Powerman 5000 [390]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal, rap metal, nu metal, thrash metal, funk metal, electronic rock, alternative rock, and punk rock.
Primus [193]	Yes	Also classed as funk metal, [391] alternative rock, [392] experimental rock, [393] funk rock, [394] progressive rock, [395] progressive metal, [396] jam and nu metal (Antipop period). [397] [398]
Project 86 [399]	Yes	Also classed as Christian rock, Christian metal, alternative rock, nu metal, post-hardcore, and rapcore.
Prong [400]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal, [400] thrash metal, groove metal and hardcore punk.
Puddle of Mudd [401]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge, hard rock, alternative rock and nu metal.
Quicksand [402]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore.
Queensrÿche [115]	Yes	Also classed as progressive metal, hard rock, heavy metal, power metal and glam metal.
Rage Against the Machine [193] [235]	No	Also classed as rap metal, nu metal, and funk metal [193]
Red [403] [404]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, hard rock, christian rock, and post-grunge.
Red Hot Chili Peppers [405]	Yes	Also classed as funk rock, alternative rock, funk metal and rap rock.
Reuben [406]	No	Also classed as alternative rock, hard rock, and post-hardcore.
Rob Zombie [407]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, industrial metal, groove metal, industrial rock and nu metal.
Rollins Band [235]	No	Also classed as hard rock, post-hardcore, [408] funk metal [409] and jazz fusion. [284] [410]
Roses Are Red [411]	No	Also classed as emo [412] [413] and alternative rock.
Scar the Martyr [414]	No	Also classed as post-grunge. [414]
Scum of the Earth [415]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal. [415]
Seether [416]	Yes	Also classed as post-grunge.
September Mourning [417]	Yes
Sepultura [193]	Yes	Also classed as groove metal, [418] death metal, [419] and thrash metal. [420]
Serj Tankian [421]	Yes	Also classed as progressive rock, experimental rock, art rock and classical.
Sevendust [422] [423] [424]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal [423] and heavy metal. [424]
Shihad [165]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, hard rock, and industrial rock.
Shinedown [425]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, post-grunge and alternative rock.
Sick Puppies [426]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [427] hard rock, [428] and post-grunge. [429]
Skillet [430]	Yes	Also classed as Christian rock, Christian metal, post-grunge, alternative rock, hard rock, nu metal, symphonic metal and industrial metal (early).
Skindred [431]	Yes	Also classed as ragga [432] and nu metal [433] [434]
Slaves on Dope [435]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal.
Sleep Token [436]	Yes	Also classed as indie pop/rock, post-metal, and progressive metal.
Slipknot [437] [438] [439]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, [439] nu metal, [440] [441] [442] [443] death metal [444] [445] [446] [447] [448] [449] [450] [451] [452] and groove metal. [453] [454]
The Smashing Pumpkins [455]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [455] gothic rock, [456] psychedelic rock, [456] dream pop, [456] grunge, [457] [458] progressive metal, progressive rock and shoegazing. [459]
Smash into Pieces [460]	Yes	Also classed as pop-rock and alternative rock.
Snot [461]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, hardcore punk, and funk metal.
SOiL [462]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, hard rock, heavy metal, groove metal and post-grunge.
Soundgarden [50] [193]	No	Also classed as grunge, heavy metal, alternative rock, [50] and garage punk. [193]
Spiritbox [463]	Yes	Also classed as djent, metalcore, nu metal, progressive metal and post-metal.
Sum 41 [464] [465]	Yes	Also classed as punk rock, pop punk, alternative rock, and skate punk.
Stabbing Westward [129]	Yes	Also classed as industrial rock [466] and alternative rock. [467]
Staind [468] [469] [470]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal [471] [472] [473] [474] and post-grunge
Static-X [475]	Yes	Also classed as industrial metal and nu metal.
Stereomud [476]	No	Also classed as hard rock and nu metal.
Stone Sour [477]	On hiatus	Also classed as post-grunge, hard rock and heavy metal.
Stone Temple Pilots [50] [478] [479]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, hard rock, grunge and neo-psychedelia
Stuck Mojo [480]	Yes	Also classed as rap metal and nu metal. [481]
SugarComa [482] [483]	No	Also classed as nu metal. [484]
System of a Down [485] [486] [487] [488] [489] [490]	Yes	Also classed as heavy metal, [491] [492] nu metal, [493] [494] [495] [496] [497] [498] progressive rock, [499] [500] progressive metal, [501] [502] hard rock, [485] [492] alternative rock, [503] experimental rock, [492] [504] [505] and art rock. [506] [507] [508]
Tad [50]	No	Also classed as grunge, groove metal [509] and alternative rock. [510]
Tallah [511] [512]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, [513] [511] [514] [515] metalcore, [516] [517] hardcore punk, [518] industrial metal, [513] rap metal, [519] and nu metalcore. [520]
Taproot [521]	Yes	Also classed as nu metal, alternative rock and post-grunge.
Therapy? [522]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, punk rock, and noise rock.
Tomahawk [523] [524] [525] [526] [527]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, [528] experimental rock, progressive rock and Native American music. [529] [530]
The Veer Union [531]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, post-grunge, melodic metal, and hard rock
Three Days Grace [532] [533]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock, post-grunge, and hard rock
Tool [90] [193] [235] [534] [535]	Yes	Also classed as progressive metal, [535] progressive rock, [536] heavy metal, [535] [537] [538] [539] and art rock. [535]
Trapt [540]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, post-grunge [540] and nu metal. [540] [541]
Tremonti [542]	Yes	Also classed as thrash metal and speed metal. [543]
Twelve Foot Ninja [544]	No	Also classed as experimental rock, funk metal and djent
Ugly Kid Joe [545]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock, heavy metal, glam metal and funk metal.
Vampires Everywhere! [546]	Yes	Also classed as post-hardcore, metalcore, gothic metal, shock rock, [547] industrial metal [547] and horror punk.
Vimic [548]	On hiatus	Also classed as groove metal.
Waltari [549]	Yes	Also classed as progressive metal, crossover thrash, hard rock, avant-garde metal, death metal, punk rock, symphonic metal, pop rock, and techno. [378]
Warrior Soul [550]	Yes	Also classed as hard rock. [550]
We Came as Romans [551]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore, post-hardcore, melodic hardcore, symphonic metal, and electronicore.
White Zombie [552] [193]	No	Also classed as groove metal, industrial metal, and noise rock. [553]
While She Sleeps [554]	Yes	Also classed as metalcore.
Within Temptation [555]	Yes	Also classed as doom metal (early), gothic metal and symphonic metal.
Zug Izland [556]	Yes	Also classed as alternative rock

See also

• List of American grunge bands
• List of alternative rock artists
• List of industrial metal bands
• List of nu metal bands
• List of post-grunge bands
• List of experimental metal artists

References

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6. Mark Deming. "10 Years". AllMusic.
7. Omaha World-Herald. "Sick Puppies grateful for involved fans". Omaha.com. Archived from the original on June 30, 2013. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
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15. Sharpe-Young, Garry (2005). New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Zonda. p. 5. ISBN   0-9582684-0-1 . Retrieved November 3, 2009.
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