South Asian cuisine encompasses a delectable variety of sub-cuisines and cooking styles that vary very widely, reflecting the diversity of the Indian subcontinent, even though there is a certain centrality to the general ingredients used. Terms used the recipes of varied Indian and other South Asian sub-cuisines sometimes tend to be multi-lingual and region-specific, mostly based on the author's specific sub-ethnicity, the popularity of a given vegetable/spice in a given sub-cuisine within South Asia, etc.
Indian cuisine is overwhelmingly vegetarian friendly and employs a variety of different fruits, vegetables, grains, and spices which vary in name from region to region within the country. Most Indian restaurants serve predominantly Punjabi/North Indian cuisine, while a limited few serve a very limited choice of some South Indian dishes like Dosa. But for the connoisseurs, India offers a complex and eclectic array of sub-cuisines to explore, which are equally vegetarian friendly and a delight to the taste buds.
Even for South Asian people, this wide variety of vegetables, fruits, grains and spices used in various Indian sub-cuisines can be mind-boggling because of the variety of region-specific names used for identifying the food items. Indian vegetable markets and grocery stores get their wholesale supplies from suppliers belonging to various regions/ethnicities from all over India and elsewhere, and the food suppliers/packagers mostly use sub-ethnic, region-specific item/ingredient names on the respective signs/labels used to identify specific vegetables, fruits, grains and spices based on their respective regions of origin. This further aggravates the confusion in identifying specific items/ingredients, especially for international consumers/expatriates looking to procure vegetables, fruits, grains and spices specific to Indian sub-cuisines.
This article attempts to centralize, compile and tabulate the various vegetables, fruits, grains and spices that are commonly employed in various South Asian sub-cuisines to help reduce this confusion in identifying and procuring various South Asian food ingredients, especially in the cross-regional, international markets/contexts.
The following is a list of common South Asian ingredients, as well as their names in various local languages spoken.
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| दाल (Dāl) | Pulses/ Split beans / bean | দাইল (Dāil) | ডাল (Ḍāl) | દાળ (Dāḷ) | ಬೇಳೆ (Bēḷe) | പരിപ്പ് (Parippu) | डाळ Ḍāḷ | ଡାଲି (Ḍāli) | ਦਾਲ (Dāl) | පරිප්පු (Parippu) | பருப்பு (Paruppu) | పప్పు (Pappu) | ಸಾಲೈ (Salāyi) | دال (Dăl) | डाळ (Ḍāḷ) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ (Hawai) | दाल (Dāl) | दाल/দাল (Dāl) | |
| तुअर/अरहर दाल (Tuar/Arhar Dāl) | Pigeon Pea / Yellow Split Gram | Cajanus cajan | ৰহৰ দাইল (Rôhôr Dāil) | অড়হর ডাল (Arhôr Ḍāl) | તુવેર ડાળ (Tuver Dāḷ) | ತೊಗರಿ ಬೇಳೆ (Togari Beḷe) | തുവര/സാമ്പര പരിപ്പ് (Thuvara/Sambhar Parippu) | तूर डाळ (Tūr Ḍāḷ) | ହରଡ଼ ଡାଲି (Haraṛa Ḍāli) | ਅਰਹਰ ਦਾਲ (Arhar Dal) | තෝර පරිප්පු (Thora Parippu) | துவரம் பருப்பு (Thuvaram Paruppu) | కంది పప్పు (Kandi Pappu) | ತೋಗಾರಿ ಸಾಲೈ (Tōgari Salāyi) | ارہر (Arhar) | तोरी डाळ (Tori Ḍāḷ) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯀꯪꯇꯥꯛ (Hawai Kangtak) | रहर दाल (Rahar Dāl) | रहर दाल/ৰহৰ দাল (Rahar Dāl) |
| काबुली चना (Kābuli Chanā)/ छोले (Chhole) | Garbanzo Beans/ Chickpea | Cicer arietinum | কাবুলি বুট (Kābuli But) | কাবুলি ছোলা/কাবুলি চানা/কাবুলি বুট ( Kābuli Chholā/ Kābuli Chānā/ Kābuli Buṭ) | કાબુલી ચણા (Kābuli Chaṇā) છોલે ચણા (Chhole Chaṇā) | ಕಡಲೆ ಕಾಳು (Kaḍale Kāḷu) | വെള്ള കടല (Veḷḷa Kaḍala) | काबुली चणे (Kābuli Chaṇe) | ଧଳା/କଳା କାବୁଲିଆ ଚଣା (Dhaḷā/Kaḷā Kābuliyā Chaṇā) | ਸਫੈਦ ਛੋਲੇ/ਚਣੇ (Safaid Chhole/Chaṇe) | කඩල (Kaḍala) | கொண்டை கடலை / வெள்ளை கடலை (Konḍai Kaḍalai/ Veḷḷai Kaḍalai) | బుద్దా సెసగలు/సనగలు (Budda Senagalu /Sanagalu) | ಬೊಲ್ದು ಕಡ್ಲೆ (Boldu Kaḍle) | (Kabli chana) كابلي چنا | चणे (Tsaṇe/Chaṇe) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯀꯪꯘꯧ/ꯆꯅꯥ ꯀꯪꯘꯧ (Hawai Kanghou/Chana Kanghou) | काबुली चना (Kābuli Chanā) | काबुली चना/কাবুলি চনা (Kābuli Chanā) |
| चना (Chanā) | Cicer arietinum | ছোলা (Chholā) | ચણા (Chaṇā) | ಕಡಲೆ (Kaḍale) | കടല (Kaḍala) | हरभरा (Harbharā) | ଭୁୁଟ/ବୁଟ (Bhuṭa/Buṭa) | ਛੋਲੇ (Choleh) | கடலை (Kaḍalai) | సెనగలు/సనగలు (Senagalu/Sanagalu) | Kaḍle (ಕಡ್ಲೆ) | چنا | चना (Chanā) | चना/চনা (Chanā) | |||||
| कुलथी (Kulthi) | Horse gram | Macrotyloma uniflorum | কুুলথি কলাই (Kulthi Kalāi) | কুলথি ডাল (Kulthi Ḍāl) | કળથી ડાળ (Kaḷthi Dāḷ ) | ಹುರಳಿ ಬೇಳೆ (Huraḷi Beḷe) | മുതിര പരിപ്പ് (Muthira Parippu) | कुळीथ/हुलगे डाळ (Kuḷith/Hulge Ḍāḷ) | କୋଳଥ ଡାଲି (Koḷatha Ḍāli) | ਕੁਲਥੀ/ਕਲਥੀ ਦੀ ਦਾਲ (Kulthi/Kalthi di Dal) | කොල්ලු (Kollu) | கொள்ளு பருப்பு (Koḷḷu Paruppu) | ఉలవలు పప్పు (Ulavalu Pappu) | ಕುದು ಸಾಲೈ (Kudu Sālayi) | (Kulit) | कुळीथ डाळ (Kuḷith Ḍāḷ) | गहतको दाल (Gahatko Dāl) | कुर्थि दाल/কুর্থি দাল (Kurthi Dāl) | |
| लोबिया (Lobiā) | Black-eyed pea | Vigna unguiculata | লুবিয়া (Lubiā) | লোবিয়া/বরবটি কলাই (Lobiā/Borboti Kolāi) | સફેદ છોલા (Safed Cholā) | ಅಲಸಂದೆ (Alasande) | കരമണി/പയര് (Karamaṇi/ Pairu) | चवळी (Chawḷi) | ନାଦୁୁକ (Nāduka) | ਰੋਁਗੀ (Rongi) | කවුපි (Kawupi) | காராமணி பயறு /தட்டாம் பயறு (Karamaṇi Payaru/Thaṭṭam Payaru) | అలచందలు (Alachandalu) | ಲತಂದೆ/ಲತ್ತಣೆ ಬಿತ್ತ್ (Lathandè/lathaṇe Bitt) | Lobia لوبیا | अलसंदे (Alsande) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏꯖꯥꯔ ꯃꯥꯔꯨ (Hawaijar Maru) | लोबिया (Lobiā) | बोरा/বোৰা (Borā) |
| मसूर (Masūr) | Red Lentils | Lens culinaris | মচুৰ দাইল (Mosur Dail) | মসুর/মুসুরি ডাল (Moshur/Mushuri Ḍal) | મસુર ડાળ (Masoor Dāḷ) | ಕೆಂಪು ತೊಗರಿ(Kempu Togari) | പരിപ്പ് (Parippu) | मसूर डाळ (Masur Ḍāḷ) | ସୁର/ମସୁର ଡାଲି (Sūra/Masūra Ḍali) | ਮਾਸਰ/ਪੀਲੀ ਦੀ ਦਾਲ (Masar/ Peeli di Daal) | මයිසූර් පරිප්පු (Mysore Parippu) | மைசூர் பருப்பு (Mysore Paruppu) | ఎర్ర కంది పప్పు (Erra Kandi Pappu)/ ఎర్ర కాందులు (Erra Kandulu) | ಕಜೆ ಸಾಲೈ/ತೊಗರಿ (Kajae Sālayi/Togari) | (Masoor) /مسور | मोसुुर डाळ (Mosur Ḍāḷ) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯃꯥꯏꯔꯣꯡꯕꯤ (Hawai Mairongbi) | मुसुरको दाल (Musurako Dāl) | मुसुरी दाल/মুসুৰী দাল (Musuri Dāl) |
| मूँग (Mūng) | Mung bean (Green gram) | Vigna Radiata | মগু দাইল (Mogu Dăil) | মুগ ডাল (Mug Ḍāl) | મગ દાળ (Mag Dāḷ) | ಪಚ್ಚೆಸರು / ಹೆಸರು ಬೇಳೆ (Pacchesaru / Hesaru Beḷe) | ചെറുപയർ (Cherupayar) | मूग (Mug Ḍāḷ) | ମୁଡ଼/ମୁଗ ଡାଲି (Muṛa/Muga Ḍali) | ਮੁੰੰਗੀ ਦੀ ਦਾਲ (Mūngi di Daal) | මුං ඇට (Mung Eṭa) | பச்சை பயரு/பருப்பு (Pachai Payaru/Paruppu) | పెసర పప్పు (Pesara Pappu) /పెసలు (Pesalu) | ಪದೆಂಗಿ ಸಾಲೈ (Padengi Sālayi) | (Mūng) مونگ | मूग (Mūg Ḍāḷ) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯃꯨꯛ (Hawai Muk) | मुङ्ग दाल (Mung Dāl) | ओंक्री दाल/ওঙ্ক্রী দাল (Onkri Dāl) |
| तिल (Til) | Sesame | Sesamum indicum | তিল (Til) | তিল (Til) | તલ (Tal) | ಎಳ್ಳು(Eḷḷu) | എള്ള് (Eḷḷu) | तीळ (Tiḷ) | ରାଶି (Rāsi) | ਤੀਲ (Til) | තල (Thala) | எள் (Eḷu) | నువ్వులు (Nuvvulu) నువ్వు పప్పు (Nuvvu Pappu) | ಎಡ್ಮೆ/ಎಣ್ಮ (Eḍme/ Eṇme) | (Til) تل | तीळ (Tiḷ) | ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯉꯒꯨꯕꯥ꯫ / ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯥ (Thoiding Angouba/Thoiding Amuba) | तील (Til) | तिल/তিল (Til) |
| मोठ (Moṭh) | Moth bean (Turkish gram) Balls | Vigna aconitifolia | মথ/মঠ (Môth/Môṭh) | મઠ (Maṭh) | ತನ್ನಿ ಕಾಳು (Thanni Kaaḷu) | മമ്പയർ (Mambayar) | मटकी (Maṭki) | କଞ୍ଚା ମୁୁ଼ଡ଼/ମୁଗ (Kancha Muṛa/Muga) | ਮੋਠ (Moṭh) | தட்ட பயரு/பருப்பு (Thaṭa Payaru/Paruppu) | బొబ్బర్లు (Bobbarlu) | (Matki chawal) | |||||||
| राजमा (Rājmā) | Kidney beans | Phaseolus vulgaris | ৰাজমাহ (Rājmāh) | রাজমা (Rājmā) | રાજમા (Rājmā) | ಅವರ ಕಾಳು/ರಾಜಮಾ (Abara Kāḷu/Rājma) | വൻപയർ /രജ്മ /അമര (Vanpayar/Rajma/Amara) | राजमा (Rājmā) | ରାଜମା (Rājamā) | ਰਾਜਮਾ (Rājmā) | මෑ ඇට (Mae Eṭa) | அவரை/பீன்ஸ் (Avarai/Beans) | రాజ్మా/ సీమచిక్కుడు విత్తులు/అనుములు (Rajma/ Seemachikkudu Vittulu/Anumulu) | ಅಬರೆ (Abarae) | Rajma phalli راجما | ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯍꯥꯋꯥꯏ (Kulihawai) | राजमा (Rājmā) | राजमा/ৰাজমা (Rājmā) | |
| उड़द (Urad) | Black Lentil (whole)/ White Lentil (dehusked) | Vigna mungo | মাটি মাহ (Māti Māh) | কলাই ডাল/ বিউলি ডাল (Kôlāi Ḍāl/ Biuli Ḍāl) | અડદ દાળ (Aḍad Dāḷ) | ಉದ್ದಿನ ಬೇಳೆ (Uddina Beḷe) | ഉഴുന്ന് (Uzhunnu) | उडीद/ उडदाची डाळ (Uḍid/ Uḍadāchi Ḍāḷ) | ବିରି ଡାଲି (Biri Ḍali) | ਕਾਲੀ ਦਾਲ (Kaali Daal Whole – Saabat/ Split – Dhoti)/ ਮਾੰੰਹ (Maanh sabut/ dhoti/ Kaale Maanh) | උඳු (Undhu) | உளுந்து (Uḷundhu) | మినప్పప్పు (Minappappu)/ మినుములు (Minumulu) | ಉರ್ದು ಸಾಲೈ (Urdu Sālayi) | (Ureed) | उडद डाळ (Udad Daaḷ) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯁꯒꯣꯜ (Hawai Sagol) | कालो मासको दाल (Kālo Māsko Dāl) | कलाइ दाल/কলাই দাল (Kalāi Dāl) |
| मटर (Maṭar) | Pea | Pisum sativum | মটৰ (Môtôr) | মটর (Môṭor) | વટાણા (Vaṭaaṇa) | ಬಟಾಣಿ (Baṭāṇi) | പട്ടാണി കടല (Paṭṭaaṇi Kaḍala) | मटार/वाटाणे (Maṭār/ Vāṭāṇe) | ମଟର ଛୁଇଁ/ମଟର (Maṭara Chhuin /Maṭara) | ਮਟਰ (Maṭar) | பட்டாணி (Paṭṭāṇi) | బఠాణీ (Baṭāṇi) | ಬಟಾಣಿ (Baṭāṇi) | (Matar Phalli) | वाटाणे (Vātāṇe) | ꯍꯋꯥꯏ ꯊꯥꯔꯛ (Hawai Tharak) | केराउ (Kerāu) | मटर/মটৰ (Matar) | |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Maithili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| मक्कि/मकै (Makki/Makai) | Maize, Corn | Zea mays | মাকৈ (Mākoi) | ভুট্টা (Bhuṭṭā) | મકાઈ (Makāi) | ಮುಸುಕಿನ ಜೋಳ (Musukina Joḷa) | ചോളം (Choḷam) | मका (Makā) | ମକା (Makā) | ਮੱਕਿ (Makki) | ඉරිඟු (Iringu) | மக்காசோளம் (Makka Choḷam) | మొక్కజొన్న (Mokka Jonna) | ಜೋಲ (Jōla) | (Makai) | जोळ (Joḷ) | ꯆꯨꯖꯥꯛ (Chujak) | () |
| चावल (Chāval-uncooked rice) भात (Bhāt-cooked rice) | Rice | Oryza sativa | চাউল (Sāul) / ভাত (Bhāt) | চাল (Chāl) / ভাত (Bhāt) | ચોખા (Chokhā)/ ભાત (Bhāt) | ಅಕ್ಕಿ (Akki)/ ಅನ್ನ (Anna) | അരി (Ari)/ ചോറ് (Chor) | तांदूळ (Tānduḷ) / भात (Bhāt) | ଚାଉଳ (Chauḷa) / ଭାତ (Bhāta) | ਚੋਲ (Chawl) / () | සහල් (Sahal) / බත් (Bath) | அரிசி (Arici)/ சாதம் (Sādam) | బియ్యం(Biyyam) వడ్లు/వరి/వండిన అన్నం (Vadlu/Vari/Vanḍina Annam) ప్రాలు/ప్రాయి (Prālu /Prāyi) | ಅರಿ (Ari) ಅನ್ನ (Anna) | چاول (Chaaval) | तांदुळ (Tānduḷ)/ भात (Bhāt) | ꯆꯦꯡ (Cheng)/ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯡ (Akobā Cheng) | चौर/চৌৰ (Chaur)/ भात/ভাত (Bhāt) |
| गॆहुन (Gehun) | Wheat | Triticum aestivum | গম (Gôm) | গম (Gôm) | ઘઉઁ (Ghauhn) | ಗೋಧಿ (Gōdhi) | ഗോതമ്പ് (Godambu) | गहू (Gahu) | ଗହମ (Gahama) | ਕਣਕ (Kaṇak) | තිරිඟු (Thiringu) | கோதுமை (Godhumai) | గోధుమ (Godhuma) | ಗೋದಿ (Gōdi) | گيهو (Gehun) | गोंव (Govn) | ꯒꯦꯍꯨ (Gehu) | गहुम/গহুম (Gahum) |
| जोव (Jow) | Barley | Hordeum vulgare | বাৰ্লি (Bārli) | যব (Jaub) | જવ (Jav) | ಬಾರ್ಲಿ/ಜವೆ (Bārli /Jave) | ബാർലി (Bārli) | जव (Jav) | ଯଉ (Jau) | ਜੋੰ (Jawn) | බාර්ලි (Bārli) | பாரலி (Bārli) | యావ (Yāva), యావ బియ్యం (Yāvaka Biyyam), జావ బియ్యం (Jāva Biyyam) | ಬಾರ್ಲಿ (Bārli) | جؤ(Jav) | वार्लि (Bārli) | ꯕꯥꯔꯂꯤ (Bārli) | |
| जॊवार (Jowār) | Sorghum bicolor | যুৱাৰ (Zuwar) | যোবওর (Jowār) | જુવાર (Juwar) | ಜೋಳ (Jōḷa) | ജേവാർ/ചോളം (Jowar/Choḷam) | ज्वारी (Jwāri) | ଜୁୟାର/ଜୁବାର (Juyāra/Jubāra) | ਜਵਾਰ (Jawār) | ඉදල් ඉරිඟු (Idal Iringu) | கருஞ்சோளம் (Karunchoḷam) | జొన్న (Jonna) | ಜೋಲ (Jōla) | جوار (Javar) | जोळ(Joḷ) | ꯖꯣꯋꯥꯔ (Jowar) | ||
| बाजरा (Bājrā) | Pearl millet | Pennisetum glaucum | বাজৰা (Bājrā) | বাজরা (Bājrā) | બાજરી (Bājri) | ಸಜ್ಜೆ (Sajje) | കമ്പ്/കംമ്പം (Kambu/Kambam) | बाजरी (Bājri) | ବାଜରା (Bājarā) | ਬਾਜਰ (Bājar) | බජිරි (Bajiri) | கம்பு (Kambu) | సజ్జలు (Sajjalu) | ಸಜ್ಜೆ (Sajje) | باجرا (Bājra) | बाजरा (Bajra) | ꯕꯥꯖꯔꯥ (Bājrā) | बाजरा/বাজৰা (Bājrā) |
| रागि (Rāgi) | Finger millet | Eleusine coracana | মৰুৱা (Maruwa) | মারওআ (Mārwa) | નાગળી/નાચણી (Nāgḷi/Nachṇi) | ರಾಗಿ (Rāgi) | കൂരഗ്/പാഞ്ജി പുല്ലു (Kooragu/Pānji Pullu) | नाचणी/नागली (Nāchṇi/Nāgli) | ମାଣ୍ଡିଆ (Māndiā) | ਰਾਗੀ (Rāgi) | කුරක්කන් (Kurakkan) | கேழ்வரகு / கேப்பை /ஆரியம் (Kezhvaragu /Keppai /Ariyam) | చోళ్ళు/ తైడా/రాగులు (Choḷḷu/Taiḍā/Rāgulu) | ರಾಗಿ (Rāgi) | ناچني (Nachni) | नातणो/नाचणो (Nathṇo/Nachaṇo) | ꯔꯥꯒꯤ (Rāgi) | मरुआ/মৰুআ (Maruā) |
| कोद्रा (Kodra) | Kodo millet | Paspalum scrobiculatum | কোডো (Kodo) | কোডো (Koḍo) | ગોદ્રી (Godri) | ಹರಕ (Haraka) | കൂവരക് (Koovarakku) | कोदो (Kodo) | କୋଦୁଅ (Kodua) | ਕੋਦਰਾ (Kodra) | கருவரகு /வரகு (Karuvargu/Varagu) | అరికెలు (Arikelu) | ||||||
| बर्रि (Barri) | Proso millet | Panicum miliaceum | চীনা (Sinā) | চীনা (Cheenā) | ચેનો (Cheno) | ಬರಗು (Baragu) | പനിവരക് (Panivarakku) | वरी (Vari) | ଚଣି (Chaṇi) | මෙනේරි (Meneri) | பனிவரகு (Panivaragu) | వరిగులు (Varigulu) | ||||||
| कंगनी (Kangni) | Foxtail millet | Setaria italica | কণী (Kôni) | কাউন (Kāun) | કાંગ (Kāng) | ನವಣೆ (Navaṇe) | തിന (Thina) | राळे/कांग (Rāḷe/Kāng) | କାଙ୍ଗୁ (Kāngu) | තනහාල් (Thanahal) | தினை (Thinai) | కొర్రలు (Korralu) | काउनी/কাউনী (Kāuni) | |||||
| झंगोरा (Jhangora) | Barnyard millet | Echinochloa | চ্যমা (Syamā) | শ্যামা (Shyāmā) | સામો (Sāmo) | ಊದಲು (Ūdalu) | കാവട പുല്ലു (Kavaḍa Pullu) | भगर (Bhagar) | ଖିରା (Khirā) | குதிரைவாலி (Kuthiraivali) | ఒడలు/కోడిసమ (Oḍalu/Kōḍisāmā) | |||||||
| कुट्की (Kuṭki) | Little millet | Panicum sumatrense | চামা (Sāmā) | সামা (Sāmā) | ગાજરો (Gājro) | ಸಾಮೆ/ಸಾವೆ (Sāme/Sāve) | ചാമാ (Chāmā) | कुटकी (Kuṭki) | ସୁଆଁ (Suan) | சாமை அரிசி (Sāmai Arici) | సమలు (Samalu) | |||||||
| विलायति जौन/जै (Vilayati jown/Jai) | Oats | Avena sativa | ওট্স (Oats) | জঈ (Jôi) | ઓટ્સ (Oats) | ತೋಕೆ ಗೋಧಿ (Tōke Gōdhi) | ഓട്സ് (Oats) | ओट्स (Oats) | ଜଅ (Jaw) | காடைகந்நி (Kaaḍaikanni) | యావ (Yāva) | جؤ (Jav) | ||||||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Maithili |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| अदरक (Adrak)/ आदि (Ādi) | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | আদা (Āda) | আদা (Āda) | આદુ (Ādu) | ಶುಂಠಿ (Shunṭhi) | ഇഞ്ചി (Inji) | आले/आलं (Āle/Ālan) | ଅଦା (Ada-ginger) ଶୁଖିଡ଼ା (Sukhiḍa-dried ginger) | ਅਦਰਕ (Adrak) | ඉඟුරු (Inguru) | இஞ்சி (Inji) | అల్లం (Allam-ginger) శొంఠి (Sonthi-dried ginger) | (Sunti) | ادرك (Adrak) | आलें(Alen-fresh) सुट(Soot-dried ginger) | ꯁꯤꯡ (Sing) | |
| इलायची (Elaichi) | Cardamom | Elettaria cardamomum | ইলাচী/এলাচি (Ilasi/ Elasi) | এলাচ/এলাচি (Elach/ Elachi) | ઈલાયચી (Ilāychi) | ಏಲಕ್ಕಿ (Yelakki) | ഏലക്ക (Eelakkaaya) | वेलदोडा/वेलची (Veldoḍā/Velchi) | ଗୁଜୁରାତି/ଅଳେଇଚ (Gujurāti/Aḷeicha) | ਇਲਾਚੀ (Ilāchi) | එන්සාල්/කරඳමුංගු (Ensāl/Karandamungu) | ஏலக்காய் (Ēlkkāyam) | ఏలకి కాయ (Aelaki Kāyi-unripe)/ ఏలకి పండు (Aelaki Pandu-ripe)/ యాలకులు/ఏలకులు (Yalukalu) | ಏಲಕ್ಕಿ (Yēlakki) | إلايچي (Ilaichi) | ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯆꯤ (Elaichi) | ||
| दालचीनी (Dalchini) | Cinnamon | Cinnamomum verum | দালচেনি (Dalseni) | দারচিনি (Darchini) | તજ (Taj) | ಚಕ್ಕೆ / ದಾಲ್ಚಿನಿ (Chakke / Dalchini) | കറുവപട്ട (Karuvapatta) | दालचिनी (Dālchini) | ଡାଲଚିନି (Dālachini) | (Dalcheeni) | කුරුඳු (Kurundu) | கருவா பட்டை (Karula Pattai) | దాల్చిన చెక్క (Dalchini Chekka) | (Kethey) | دارچين (Darcheen) | दालचिनी (Daalchini) | ||
| हल्दी (Haldi) | Turmeric | Curcuma longa | হালধি (Halodhi) | হলুদ (Holud) | હળદર (Haḷdar) | ಅರಿಶಿನ (Arishina) | മഞ്ഞള് (Manjal) | हळद (Haḷad) | ହଳଦୀ (Haḷadi) | ਹਲਦੀ (Haldi) | කහ (Kaha) | மஞ்சள் (Manjal) | పసుపు (Pasupu) | ಮಂಜೊಲ (Mańjol) | هلدي (Haldi) | हळद (Haḷad) | ꯃꯆꯨ/ꯌꯥꯏꯉꯪ (Machu/Yaingam) | |
| धनिया (Dhaniya) | Coriander | Coriandrum sativum | ধনিয়া (Dhoniya) | ধনে (Dhone) | કોથમીર/ ધાણા (Kothmir/Dhāṇā) | ಹವೀಜ,ಕೊತ್ತಂಬರಿ ಬೀಜ (Havija/ Kotthambari Beeja) | കൊത്തമല്ലി (Kothamalli/ Malli Chappu) | धणे (Dhaṇe) | ଧନିଆ ପତ୍ର (Dhania Patra) | ਧਨਿਯਾ (Thaniya) | කොත්තමල්ලි (Koththamalli) | கொத்தமல்லி விதை/ மல்லி (Kotthamalli Vittai/Malli) | కొత్తిమీర (Kotthimeera leaves), ధనియాలు Dhaniyaalu (seeds) / కొత్తిమీర గింజలు Kotthimeera Ginjalu (seeds) | ಕೊತ್ತಂಬೆರಿ (Kottamberi) | (Dhanya) دهنيا | (Kanpir/Kothombar) | ꯐꯗꯤꯒꯣꯝ (Fadigom) | |
| मिर्च (Mirch) | Chili pepper-Green | Capsicum annuum | কেঁচা জলকীয়া (Kesa Zôlôkia) | কাঁচা লঙ্কা/কাঁচা মরিচ (Kãcha Lôngka/ Kãcha Morich) | લીલા મરચા (Lilā Marchā) | ಹಸಿ ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ (Hasi Menasinakayi) | പച്ചമുളക് (Pacha Mulaku) | मिरची (Mirchi) | କଞ୍ଚା ଲଙ୍କା | ਮਿਰਚ (Mirach) | අමු මිරිස් (Amu Miris) | பச்சை மிளகாய் (Paccai Milakai) | పచ్చి మిరపకాయ (Pachchi Mirapakaya)/ పచ్చిమిర్చి (Pachchimirchi) | ಕಾಯ ಮುನ್ಚಿ (Kai Munchi) | مرچي (Mirchi) | ꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ (Morok) | ||
| लाल मिर्च (Lal Mirch-on ripening the chili pepper becomes red) | Chili pepper-Red | Capsicum annuum | ৰঙা জলকীয়া (Rônga Zôlôkia) | শুকনো লঙ্কা/ লাল লঙ্কা/ শুকনা মরিচ/ লাল মরিচ (Shukno Lôngka/ Lal Lôngka/ Shukna Morich/ Lal Morich) | લાલ મરચુ (Lāl Marchu) | ಒಣ ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ (Ona Menasinakayi) | വറ്റല്മുളക്, ചുവന്നമുളക് (Vattal Mulaku/ Chuvana Mulaku) | लाल मिरची (Lāl Mirchi) | ଶୁଖିଲା ଲଙ୍କା (Sukhila Lanka) | (Laal Mirach) | රතු මිරිස් (Rutu Miris) | காய்ந்த மிளகாய் (Kayantha Milakai) | ఎఱ్ఱ/ఎ౦డు మిరపకాయ (Erra/Endu Mirapakaya-sundried)/పండుమిరపకాయ (Pandu Mirapakaya)/ ఎండుమిర్చి (Endumirchi) | ಕೆಂಪು ಮುನ್ಚಿ (Kempu Munchi) | سرخ مرچ (Surkh Mirch) | तांब्डि मिरसंग (Tambdi Mirsang) | ꯒꯣꯜꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ (Morok) | |
| हींग (Hing) | Asafoetida | Ferula assafoetida | হিং (Hing) | হিং (Hing) | હિંગ (Hing) | ಇಂಗು (Ingu) | കായം (Kaayam) | हिंग (Hinga) | ହେଙ୍ଗୁ (Hengu) | ਹੀਂਗ (Hing) | පෙරුම්කායම් (Perungkayang) | பெருங்காயம் (Perungkayam) | ఇంగువ (Inguva) | ಇಂಗ್ (Ing) | (Hing) هينگ | (Hing) | ꯍꯤꯡ (Hing) | |
| जीरा (Jeera) | Cumin | Cuminum cyminum | জীৰা (Zira) | জিরে/জিরা (Jire/Jira) | જીરૂ (Jiru) | ಜೀರಿಗೆ (Jeerige) | ജീരകം (Jeerakam) | जिरं/जिरे (Jirã/Jire) | ଜୀରା (Jeera) | ਜੀਰਾ (Jeera) | සූදුරු (Suduru) | நெற்சீரகம்/சீரகம் (Nerjiragam /Jiragam) | జీల కఱ్ఱ (Jeela Karra) | ಜೀರಿಗೆ (Jeerige) | زيرا (zeera) | जिरे (Jiren) | ꯖꯤꯔꯥ (Jira) | |
| सौंफ (Saunf) | Fennel seed | Foeniculum vulgare | মৌরি (Mauri) | ಸೋಂಪು ಕಾಳು (Sompu Kaalu) | बडीशेप/बडीशोप (Baḍishep/Baḍishop) | ପାନ ମଧୁରୀ (Pana Madhuri) | ਸੋੰਫ (Saunf) | මාදුරු (Maduru) | சோம்பு (Sompu) | సోఁపు గింజలు (Sopu Ginjalu) | बडीशोप (Badishop) | ꯍꯣꯞ (Hop) | ||||||
| कढ़ी पत्ता (Kadi Patta) | Curry leaf | Murraya koenigii | নৰসিংহ পাত (Nôrôxinghô Pat) | কারি পাতা (Kari Pata) | મીઠો લીમડો (Miṭho Limḍo) | ಕರಿಬೇವಿನ ಸೊಪ್ಪುKaribevina Soppu | കറിവേപ്പില (Karivepila/ Kariyapela) | कढीपत्ता/कढीलिंब (Kaḍhipattā/Kaḍhilimba) | ଭୃଷୁଙ୍ଗା ପତ୍ର (Bhrusunga Patra) | ਕਡੀ ਪਤ੍ਤਾ (Kadipatta) | කරපිංචා (Karapincha) | கறிவேப்பிலை (Karivepillai) | కరివేపాకు (Karivepaaku) | ಬೇಸೊಪ್ಪು (Besoppu) | كرهى پته (Karhi Patta) | (Beva Palo / Phanne Palo) | ||
| काली मिर्च (Kali Mirch) | Black pepper | Piper nigrum | জালুক/গোল মৰিচ (Zaluk/ Gůl Moris) | গোল মরিচ (Gol Morich) | મરી (Mari) | ಕಾಳು ಮೆಣಸುKaḷu Menasu | കുരുമുളക് (Kuru Muḷaku) | मिरी/काळे मिरे (Miri/Kāḷe Mire) | ଗୋଲ ମରିଚ (Gola Maricha) | ਕਾਲੀ ਮਿਰਚ (Kaali Mirch) | ගම්මිරිස් (Gammiris) | கருமிளகு/மிளகு (Karumiladhu/Miladhu) | మిరియము/ మిరియాలు (Miriyam/Miriyaalu-in plural) | ಯೆಡೆ ಮುನ್ಚಿ (Yeday Munchi) | سياه مرچ (Siyah Mirch) | काळे मिर्ये कण (Kaḷe Mirye Kaṇ) | ꯒꯣꯜꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ (Golmorok) | |
| कबाब चीनी (Kabab Chini) | Java pepper | Piper cubeba | (Balamenasu/ Maramenasu) | (Val Mulaku/Cavika/Cinimulaku) | (Mothi/Pimpli) | ସୁଗନ୍ଧ ମରିଚ (Sugandha Maricha/Lanka) | ජාවා ගම්මිරිස් (Java Gammiris) | வால்மிளகு (Valmidhu) | తోఁక మిరియాలు (Tokamiriyaalu) / చలువ మిరియాలు చలవ మిరియాలు (Chaluvamiriyaalu Chalavamiriyaalu) | (Kababchini Kankol/Sitalchini) | ||||||||
| लौंग (Laung) | Clove | Syzygium aromaticum | লং (Lông) | লবঙ্গ/লং (Lôbonggo/Lông) | લવિંગ (Laving) | ಲವಂಗ (Lavanga) | കരയാമ്പൂ (Kariampoo/ Karamboo) | लवंग (Lavang) | ଲଵଙ୍ଗ (Labanga) | ਲੋੰਗ (Laung) | කරාබු නැටි (Karabu Neti) | கிராம்பு / இலவங்கம் (Kirambu/Ilavangam) | లవంగం (Lavangam) | ಲವಂಗ (Lavanga) | لونگ (Long) | लवंग (Lavang) | ꯂꯣꯕ (Laung) | |
| मेथी (Methi) | Fenugreek seeds | Trigonella foenum-graecum | মেথি/মিথি (Methi/Mithi) | মেথি (Methi) | મેથી (Methi) | ಮೆಂತ್ಯ (Menthya) | ഉലുവ(Uluva) | मेथ्या (Methyā) | ମେଥି (Methi) | ਮੇਥੁ (Methu) | උළුහාල් (Ulu Haal) | வெந்தயம் (Vengayam) | మెంతులు (Menthulu) | ಮೆತ್ತೆಣ(Metthey) | ميتهى (Methi) | मेथी (Methi) | ꯃꯦꯊꯤ (Methi) | |
| प्याज (Pyaaj) | Onion/Shallot | Allium cepa | পিয়াঁজ (Piyãz) | পেঁয়াজ/পিঁয়াজ (Pẽaj/Pĩaj) | ડુંગળી/ કાંદા (Ḍungḷi/Kāndā) | ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ, ಉಳ್ಳಾಗಡ್ಡಿ(Eeruḷḷi, Uḷḷagaddi) | സവാള(Savoḷa/ Vaḷiya Uḷḷi) | कांदा (Kāndā) | ପିଆଜ/ଓଇଲ/ଉଇଲ (Piyaja/Oīla/Uīla) | ਪਿਯਾਜ/ਗਾਠਾ/ਗਾੰਦਾ (Pyaaj/GaThaa/Ganhdaa) | ලූණු (Lūnu) | வெங்காயம் (Vengkayam) | ఉల్లిపాయ /ఎఱ్ఱగడ్డ (Ullipaaya /Erragadda) | ನಿರುಲ್ಲಿ (Nirulli) | پياز (Pyaaz) | कांदो (Piyāv/Kāndo) | ꯇꯤꯜꯍꯧ (Tilahou) | |
| लहसुन (Lehsun) | Garlic | Allium sativum | নহৰু/ৰচুন (Nôhôru/Rosun) | রসুন (Roshun) | લસણ (Lasaṇ) | ಬೆಳ್ಳುಳ್ಳಿ (Beḷḷuḷḷi) | വെളുത്തുള്ളി (Veḷuthuḷḷi/ Veḷḷuḷḷi) | लसूण (Lasuṇ) | ରସୁଣ (Rasuṇa) | ਲਸਨ (Lasan) | සුදු ළුණු (Sudu Lūnu) | வெள்ளை பூண்டு (Vellai Punḍu) | వెల్లుల్లి (Vellulli/ Chinna Ullipaya) | (Bollulli) | لهسن (Lehsan) | लोसण (Losuṇ) | ꯆꯅꯝ (Chanam) | |
| सरसों (Sarson) | Mustard seed | Brassica | সর্ষে (Sorshe) | ಸಾಸಿವೆ (Sasive) | मोहरी (Mohari) | ସୋରିଷ ମଞ୍ଜି (Sorisa Manji) | ਸਰਸੋੰ (Sarson) | අබ (Aba) | கடுகு (Kaṭidu) | ఆవాలు, ఆవ గింజలు (Āvalu/Āva Ginjalu) | ಸಾಸೆಮಿ (Sāsemi) | सासम (Sasam) | ꯍꯪꯒꯥꯝ (Hangām) | |||||
| जायफल (Jāiphal) | Nutmeg | Myristica | জায়ফল (Jāyphol) | ಜಾಯಿಕಾಯಿ (Jāyikayi) | जायफळ (Jāyphaḷ) | ଜାଇଫଳ (Jāiphaḷa) | ਜਾਯਫਲ (Jāiphal) | සාදික්කා (Sādikka) | ஜாதிக்காய் (Jātikkai) | జాజికాయ (Jāyijekaya) | जायफळ (Jāyphaḷ) | ꯖꯥꯏꯐꯜ (Jaifal) | ||||||
| जावित्री (Javitri/Jayitri) | Mace | Myristica | জৈত্রী (Joitri) | जायपत्री (Jāypatri) | ଜାଇତ୍ରି (Jaitri/Jai Patra) | වසාවාසි (Vasāvāsi) | జాజీ కాయ పై తొక్క పొట్టు లేదా పెంకు or జాపత్రి(Jaapatri) | |||||||||||
| चक्रफूल (Chakraphool) | Star anise | Illicium verum | બાદિયા (Ādia) | ಚಕ್ರ ಮೊಗ್ಗು (Chakramoggu) | (Takkolam) | चक्रफूल (Chakraphul) | (Anasphul) | அன்னாசி பூ (Annasi poo) | అనాస పువ్వు (Anaasa Puvvu) | (Badyani) | ||||||||
| पत्थर फूल/दगडफूल (Patthar phool /Dagadphool) | Black stone flower | Parmotrema perlatum | ಕಲ್ಲುಹೂವು (Kallu Hoovu) | दगडफूल (Dagaḍphul) | அன்னாசி பூ () | బండపువ్వు (Banda puvvu) రాతిపువ్వు (Raati puvvu) | ||||||||||||
| (Gamboge) | Garcinia gummi-gutta | (Kudam Puli) | जुंबोगे (Jumboge) | ගොරකා (Goraka) | ||||||||||||||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Maithili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| चौ-चौ/चो-चो (Chow-chow/Cho-cho) | Chayote | Sechium edule | এচকুস (Eskus) | চো চো/স্ক্বাশ (Cho cho/Squash) | ચાઓ ચાઓ (Chowchow) | ಸೀಮೆ ಬದನೇಕಾಯಿ (Seemay Badanekāyi) | ചൗ ചൗ (Chow Chow) | चिव चिव (Chiv Chiv) | ଖେମଣା /ଚାଉ ଚାଉ (Khemaṇa/Chauchau) | ਚੋ ਚੋ (Chocho) | චවු චවු (Chow chow) | பெங்களூர் கத்தரிக்காய்/சொ சொ (Vengaḷur Katthirikāi /Chow Chow) | సీమ/బె౦గుళూరు వ౦కాయ (Seema/ Bengaḷuru Vankāya) | विलायती वायंगें (Vilāyati Vāyange) | ꯑꯦꯁꯀꯨꯁ /ꯆꯣ ꯆꯣ (Eskus/Cho-cho) | |||
| गिल्का/गिल्की (Gilka/Gilki) नेनुआ (Nenua) | Silk Squash/ Sponge Gourd /Egyptian Luffa | Luffa egyptiaca | জিকা (Jika/Zika) | ধুঁধুল (Dhundhul) | Galka (ગલકા) | ನಾಟಿ/ತುಪ್ಪೆದ ಹೀರೇಕಾಯಿ (Nāti/Tuppeda Hīrekāyi) | ഏണില്ല പീച്ചിങ്ങ (Ēṇilla Peechinga) | गिलके/घोसाळे (Gilke/Ghosāḷe) | ତରଡ଼ା (Taraṛa) | ਰਾਮ ਤੋਰੀ (Rām Tori) | நுரை பீர்க்கங்காய் (Nurai Peerkangai) | నేతి బీరకాయ (Naethi Beerakaya) | ಪೀರೆ (Pīre) | گهو سا لا/ترئ | घोसाळें (Ghosāḷen) | ꯁꯦꯕꯣꯠ ꯍꯦꯛꯄꯥ (Sebot Hekpa) | ||
| कद्दू (Kaddu)/ कोंहड़ा (Konhada) | Pumpkin | Cucurbita pepo | ৰঙা লাউ (Rônga Lau) | Kumṛo/ Kumṛa (কুমড়ো/কুমড়া) | કોળુ/કોળા (Koḷu/Koḷa) | ಸಿಹಿ/ಸೀಕುಂಬಳ ಕಾಯಿ (Seehi/Seekumbaḷa Kāyi) | മത്തങ്ങാ (Maththanga) | लाल भोपळा (Lāl Bhopḷā) | କଖାରୁ/ବୋଇତି କଖାରୁ (Kakharu/ Boiti Kakharu) | ਹਲਵਾ ਕੱਦੂ (Halwa Kaddu) | වට්ටක්කා (Waṭṭakka) | பரங்கிக்காய் (Parangikkai) | గుమ్మడి కాయ (Gummaḍi Kaya) | ಕಾಚಿ ಕುಂಬುಡಾ/ ಕಾಚಿ ಕೆಂಬುಡೆ (Kāchi Kumbuḍā / Kāchi Kembuḍe) | كالا كدؤ | कुंवाळो (Kunvaḷo) | ꯃꯥꯏꯔꯦꯟ (Mairen) | कदीमा/কদীমা (Kadeemā) |
| करेला (Karela) | Bitter gourd | Momordica charantia | তিতা কেৰেলা (Tita Kêrêla) | করলা/উচ্ছে (Kôrola/Uchchhe) | કારેલા (Kārela) | ಹಾಗಲ ಕಾಯಿ (Hagala Kāyi) | കയ്പക്ക/പാവയ്ക (Kaipakka/ Pāvakka) | कारले (Kārle) | କଲରା/ପିତଡ଼ା (Kalara/Pitaṛa) | ਕਰੇਲਾ (Karela) | කරවිල (Karawila) | பாகற்காய் (Pavai Kāi/ Pāharkai) | కాకర కాయ (Kakara Kāya) | ಕಂಚಲ (Kanchala) | كريلا | कारातें (Karethen) | ꯀꯔꯣꯠ ꯑꯈꯥꯕꯤ (Karot Akhabi) | |
| खेेक्सा/काकरोल/काकोरा (Kheksā/Kakrol/Kakorā) | Teasle gourd | Momordica subangulata | ভাত কেৰেলা (Bhat Kêrêlā) | কাঁটোলা/কাকরোল (Kantolā/Kakrol) | કાંકડ઼ (Kankoḍ) | ಮೊದಗಲಕಾಯಿ (Modhagalkāyi) | कार्टुले (Kārṭule) | କାଙ୍କଡ଼ (Kānkaḍa) | තුඹ කරවිල (Thumba Karawila) | மெலுகு பாகால/ பாலு பாக்கல/ பலுவக்காய (Melugu Pākal / Pālu Pākal / Paluvakkāi) | అడవి కాకరకాయ (Aḍavikākara/Ākākarakāya) | पगिला (Pagilā) | ꯀꯔꯣꯠ ꯀꯪꯘꯧ (Karot Kanghou) | |||||
| खीरा (Kheerā) | Cucumber | Cucumis sp. | তিয়ঁহ (Tiyôh) | শশা (Shôshā) | કાકડ઼ી (Kākḍi) | ಸೌತೇಕಾಯಿ (Savthekāyi) | വെള്ളരിക്ക (Veḷḷarikka) | काकडी/तवसे (Kākḍi/Tavase) | କାକୁଡ଼ି (Kakuḍi) | ਖੀਰਾ (Kheera) | පිපිඥ්ඥා (Pipigngna) | கீரைக்காய/வெள்ளரிக்காய (Keerai Kai/Veḷḷari Kāi) | దోసకాయ (Dosakāya) | ತೆಕ್ಕರೆ/ ತೌತೆ (Tekkarè/Touté -the yellow cucumber) | (Kheera) ككرى / كهيرا | तवशें (Tovshen) | ꯊꯕꯤ (Thabi) | |
| ककडी (Kakadi) | Armenian cucumber | Cucumis sativus | ଛଚିନ୍ଦ୍ରା (Chhachindra) | Kakdi | ඇමෙරිකන් පතෝල American Pathola | a kind of long-vellarikai | a kind of long-keerakai | |||||||||||
| लौकी (Lauki)/ लौव्वा (Lauaa)/ दुधी (Dudhi)/ घिया (Ghiya) | Bottle Gourd/ Calabash | Lagenaria vulgaris | জাতি লাউ (Jāti Lāu) | লাউ (Lāu) | દુધી (Dudhi) | ಸೋರೆ ಕಾಯಿ/ ಚುರಕ್ಕಾಯಿ (Sōre Kāyi/ Churakkāi) | ചുരയ്ക (Churaykka) | दुधी भोपळा (Dudhi Bhopḷā) | ଗୋଟା ନାଉ (Goṭa Nāu) | Louki/Ghiya (ਲੋਕੀ/ਘਿਯਾ) | දිය ලබු (Dhiya labu) | சுரைக்காய்/சுரக்காய் (Surai Kāi/ Surakkāi) | సొరకాయ/ఆనపకాయ (Sorakāya/Ānapakāya) | ತುರೆ (Turè) | سفيد كدو | दुधे (Dudhe) | ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯔꯨꯝ (Khongdrum) | सजमैं/সজমৈঁ (Sajmain) |
| तोरई (Torai)/ तुरई (Turai)/ तोरी (Tori) | Ridge gourd/ Chinese Okra / Ridged Luffa | Luffa acutangula | ভোল (Bhůl) | ঝিঙ্গে/ঝিঙ্গা (Jhinge/ Jhinga) | તુરીયા/ઘિસોડા (Turiya/Ghisoḍā) | ಹೀರೆ ಕಾಯಿ (Hīray Kāyi) | Peechchinga (പീച്ചിങ്ങ) | दोडका/शिराळे (Doḍkā/Shirāḷe) | ଜହ୍ନି (Janhi) | ਤੋਰੀ (Tori) | දාර වැටකොලු/වටකොල (Weṭakolu/Waṭakola) | பீர்க்கங்காய் (Peerkan kāi/Peerangāi) | బీరకాయ (Beera Kāya) | ಪೀರೆ (Pīrè) | ترئ (Turai) | घोसाळें (Ghosāḷen) | ꯁꯦꯕꯣꯠ (Sebot) | |
| चिचिंढा (Chichindhā)/ चिचिंगा (Chichingā)/ पडवल (Padwal) | Snake Gourd | Trichosanthes cucumerina | ধুন্দুলি (Dhunduli) | চিচিঙ্গে/চিচিঙ্গা (Chichinge/Chichingā) | પંડોળા/પડાવળી (Pandoḷā/Padavaḷi) | ಪಡವಲ ಕಾಯಿ (Padavala Kāyi) | പടവലങ്ങ (Padavalanga) | पडवळ (Paḍvaḷ) | ଛଚିନ୍ଦ୍ରା (Chachindrā) | ਗਲਾਰਤੋਰੀ(Galartori) | පතෝල (Pathola) | புடலங்காய் (Padavalangāi/ Pudalankāi) | పొట్లకాయ (Potlakāya / Lingapotla) | ಪಡ್ಲಂಗಾ/ಪಟ್ಲು ಕೊದು (Padlangā /Paṭlu Kodu) | پرول (Parwal) | पोडवोळें (Podvoḷen) | ꯂꯤꯟ ꯃꯥꯅꯕꯤ (Lin Manbi) | |
| परवल (Parwal)/ परोरा (Parorā)/ पटल (Paṭal) | Pointed gourd | Trichosanthes dioica | পটল (Pôtôl) | পটল (Pôṭol) | (Parval) | ಮರ ತೊಂಡೆ (Mara Thonḍe) | परवर (Parwar) | କଟକି ପୋଟଳ (Potaḷa /Kataki Chhuin) | ਪਰਵਲ (Parwal) | பரவலக்காய (Parvalakkāi) | బుడ౦ దోసకాయ (Buḍam Dosakāya) | ꯄꯣꯇꯣꯟ (Poton) | परोर/পৰোৰ (Paror) | |||||
| पेठा (Peṭhā)/ कुम्हड़ा (Kumhaṛā)/ रखसाहवा कोम्हड़ा (Raksahawa Komhaṛa) | Ash gourd | Benincasa hispida | কোমোৰা (Kůmůra) | চাল কুমড়ো/চাল কুমড়া (Chāl Kumṛo/ Chāl Kumṛa) | સફેદ કોળુ (Safed Koḷu) | ಬೂದುಕುಂಬಳ ಕಾಯಿ (Kumbaḷa Kāyi / Boodugumbaḷa Kāyi) | കുമ്പളങ്ങ (Kumbaḷanga) | कोहळा (Kohḷā) | ପାଣି କଖାରୁ (Paṇi Kakharu) | ਚਿੱਟਾ ਪੇਠਾ (Chiṭṭa Peṭha) | පුහුල් (Puhul) | நீர் பூசணி (Neer Poosaṇikāi) | బూడిద గుమ్మడి కాయ (Booḍidha Gummaḍi Kāya) | ಕರಕುಂಬುಡಾ/ಕರಕೆಂಬುಡೆ (Karkumbuḍā /Karkembuḍe) | (Peṭha) | ꯇꯣꯔꯣꯕꯣꯠ (Torobot) | ||
| टिंडा (Tindā)/ दिलपसन्द (Dilpasand) | Apple gourd/ Indian round gourd | Praecitrullus fistulosus/ Citrullus fistulosus | () | টেঁসি (Tensi) | ಆಪಲ್ ಸೋರೆ/ (Apal Sōre) | ढेमसे (Ḍhemse) | ਟਿੰਡਾ/ਟਿੰਡੋ (Tinda/Tindo) | கோவக்காய் (Kovaikkāi) | దొండ కాయ (Donḍa Kāyi) | (Tinda)/دل پسند /(Dilpasand) | ||||||||
| कुंदरू (Kundru)/ कोंडुरी (Konḍuri)/ टिंडोरा (Tinḍorā)/ (Bimba) | Ivy gourd/ Gentlemen's toes/ Little gourd | Coccinia grandis | কুন্দুলি (Kunduli) | কুঁদরি (Kundri) | ટિંડોલા/ગિલોરા (Tinḍolā/Gilorā) | ಕಾಗೆತೊಂಡೆ/ತೀಕ್ಕುದುರು/ತೊಂಡೆ ಕಾಯಿ (Kāgethonḍe / Theekkuduru / Tonḍe Kāyi) | കോവയ്ക (Kovakāai/Koval) | तोंडली (Tonḍli) | କୁନ୍ଦୁରି (Kunduri) | ਟੇੰਡਲੀ (Tenḍli) | கோவக்காய் (Kovakkai/ Kotturukanni/ Naripputu/ Vimpa) | దొ౦డకాయ / కాకి దొండకాయ (Donḍa Káya/Kaki Donḍakāya) | ಮನೊಲಿ (Manoli) | (Tindli) | तेंडलीं (Tenḍlin) | |||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Maithili |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Odia | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| सब्जीयां (Sabjiyān) | Vegetables | শাক পাচলী (Xāk Pāsli) | শাক সবজী1 (Shāk Sobji) | શાકભાજી (Shākbhājī) | ತರಕಾರಿಗಳು (Tarakārigaḷu) | പച്ചക്കറികൾ (Pacchakkarikan) | भाज्या (Bhājyā) | ପନିପରିବା (Paniparibā) | ਸਬਜੀਆਂ (Sabjiān) | එළවළු (Elawalu) | காய்கறிகள் (Kāikarikaḷ) | కూరగాయలు (Kūragāyalu) | ಕಯ್ ಕಾಜಿಪುಲು (Kāy Kajipulu) | (Sabjiyān) | भाज्यो (Bhājyo) | ꯍꯤꯟꯖꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯄꯤ (Hinjāng Nāpi) | तरकारीहरू (Tarkāriharū) | |
| आम का पत्ता (Ām kā Pattā) | Mango tender leaf shoots | Mangifera indica | আম পাত (Ām P10āt) | আম পাতা (Ām Pātā) | કેરી ના પાન (Keri nā Pān) | ಮಾವಿನ ಎಲೆ (Māvina Ile) | മാങ്ങയില (Mānga Ila) | आंब्याचे पान (Ãmbyache Pān) | ଆମ୍ବ ପତ୍ର (Āmba Patra) | ਅੰਬ ਦਾ ਪੱਤਾ (Amb dā Pattā) | අඹ දළු (Amba Dalu) | மாவிலை (Māvi Ilai/Māvillai) | మావిచిగురు ఆకు (Māvi Chiguru Āku) | ಕುಕ್ಕುದ ಎರೆ (Kukkuda Ire) | (Am ka Patta) | आंब्या पालो/पानां (Āmbya Palo/Panã) | ꯑꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ (Heinou Pāmbi) | आँप को पात (Anp ko Pāt) |
| अरबी का साग (Arbi kā Sāg) | Colocasia leaves | Colocasia esculenta | কচু শাক (Kôsu Xāk) | মুখি শাক (Mukhi Shāk) | અળવી ના પાન (Aḷvi/Advi nā Pān) | ಸಾವೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು/ ಕೆಸುವಿನ ಸೊಪ್ಪು/ ಪತ್ರೊಡೆ ಎಲೆ (Sava Soppu/ Kesuvina Soppu /Patroḍa Ile) | ചേമ്പിൻ എല/ചേമ്പില (Chembinde Ila/Chembila) | अळू पान (Aḷuche Pān) | ସାରୁ ପତ୍ର (Sāru Patra) | ਅਰਬੀ ਦਾ ਸਾਗ (Arbi dā Sāg) | හබරළ කොල (Habarala Kola) | சேப்பங்கிழங்கு இலை (Sevangkizhangu Ilai) | చేమ ఆకు (Chēma Āku) | ತೆವುದ ಎರೆ (Tevuda Ire) | (Arbi kā Sāg) | अळू पालो/ पोत्रडे पानां (Āḷu Palo/ Potrade Panã) | ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯣꯛꯂꯥ (Pāngkhoklā) | कर्कल को पात (Karkal ko Pāt) |
| बांस का पत्ता/ बांस का कोपला (Bāns kā Pattā/ Bāns ka Koplā) | Bamboo shoot | বাঁহ গাজৰ/বাঁহ গজালী (Bãx Gājar/ Bāx Gajāli) | বাঁশ কোড়ল (Bãsh Koṛal) | વાંસ અંકુર (Vãns Ankur) | ಬಿದುರಿನ ಚಿಗುರು (Bidurina Chiguru) | മുളംകൂമ്പ് (Muḷamkoombu) | बांबूचे कोंब (Bãmbuche Kõmb) | ବାଉଁଶ କରୁଡ଼ି /ବାଉଁଶ କତୁରି (Bãunsa Karuṛi/ Bãunsa Katuri) | ਬਾਂਸ ਦਾ ਤਣਾ (Bãns dā Taṇā ) | උන දළු (Una Dalu) | மூங்கில் குருத்து (Mūngil Kuruthu) | వెదురు చిగురు ఆకు (Veduru Chiguru Āku) | ಕಣಿಲೆ (Kaṇile) | (Bãns ka Pattā) | बांबूच्या अंकुर (Bāmbuchya Ankur) | ꯎꯁꯣꯏ ꯃꯉꯒꯥꯟ (Ushoi Mangān-Fresh Bamboo Shoot), ꯎꯁꯣꯏ ꯁꯣꯏꯕꯨꯝ (Ushoi Soibum-Fermented Bamboo Shoots) | तामा (Tama), टुसा (Ṭusā-Wild Bamboo Shoot) | |
| चौराई (Chaurāi) | Green Amaranth | Amaranthus tritis | মৰীচা (Morisā) | নটে শাক (Noṭe Shāk) | તાંદળજો (Tāndaljo) | ದಂಟಿನ ಸೊಪ್ಪು/ರಾಜಗಿರಿ (Dhanṭina Soppu / Rajgiri) | പച്ച ചീര (Pachcha Chīra) | राजगिरा/तांदुळजा (Rājgirā/Tānduḷjā) | ଖଡ଼ା ଶାଗ (Khaṛā Sāga) | ਚੋਲੈ ਪਾਲਕ ਦਾ ਸਾਗ (Chawlāi Pālak dā Sāg) | කූර තම්පලා (Kūra Thampalā) | பருப்பு கீரை (Paruppu Keerai) | తోటకూర (Thoṭakura) | ಪದ್ಪೆ (Padpè) | (Sabz Chaulai Sāg) | पाचवीं राजगिरीच्या पानां (Pachvin Rajgirichyā Pānã) | ꯆꯦꯡꯔꯨꯛ (Chengruk) | लट्टे को साग (Laṭṭe ko Sāg) |
| धनिया पत्ता (Dhaniyā Pattā) | Coriander leaves | Coriandrum sativum | ধনিয়া পাত (Dhaniyā Pāt) | ধনে পাতা (Dhone Pātā) | કોથમીર/ધાણા ની પાન (Kothmir/Dhāṇā ni Pān) | ಕೊತ್ತಂಬರಿ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Kētambari Soppu) | മല്ലിയില (Malli Ila) | कोथिंबीर (Kothimbir) | ଧନିଆ ପତ୍ର (Dhaniā Patra) | ਧਨਿਯਾ ਦਾ ਪੱਤਾ (Thaniyā dā Pattā) | කොත්තමල්ලි කොල (Koththamalli Kola) | கொத்தமல்லி (Koththa Malli) | కొత్తిమీర ఆకు (Kottimeera Āku) | ಕೊತ್ತಂಬರಿ ತೊಪ್ಪು (Kōtambari Thoppu) | (Dhaniyā Pattā) | कोथमिरेचीं पानां (Kothmirechin Pānã) | ꯐꯗꯤꯒꯣꯝ (Fadigom) | धनिया को पात (Dhaniyā ko Pāt) |
| सरगवा पत्ता (Saragawā Pattā) | Drumstick leaves | Moringa oleifera | চজিনা শাক (Sojinā Hāk) | সজনে শাক (Sojne Shāk) | સરગવો ની પાન (Sargavo ni Pān) | ನುಗ್ಗೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Nuggi Soppu) | മുരിങ്ങയില (Muringa Ila) | शेवग्याचा पाला (Shevgyāchā Pālā) | ବାରମାସିଆ/ମୁଙ୍ଗ/ସଜନା ଶାଗ (Bāramāsiyā/Munga/Sajanā Sāga) | ਸਹਜਣਾ ਦਾ ਪੱਤਾ (Sahajaṇā dā Pattā) | මුරුංගා කොල (Murunga Kola) | முருங்கை கீரை (Murungai Kīrai) | మునగాకు/ములగ ఆకు (Munagāku / Mulaga Āku) | ನುರ್ಗೆ ತೊಪ್ಪು (Nurge Thoppu) | (Sajnā/Saragawa kā pattā) | मोसका पालो (Moska Palo) | ꯁꯖꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ (Sajanā Pambi) | सजिवन को पात (Sajivan ko Pāt) |
| इमली का पत्ता (Imli kā Pattā) | Tamarind tender leaf shoots | Tamarindus indica romanized Tamar Hind | (Teteli Pāt) | তেঁতুল পাতা (Tètul Pātā) | આંબલી ના પાન (Āmbli nā Pān) | ಹುಣಸೆ ಚಿಗುರು (Huṇase Chiguru) | പുളിയില (Puḷiyila/ Puḷi Ila) | चिंचेचे पान (Chincheche Pān) | ତେନ୍ତୁଳି ପତ୍ର (Tentuḷi Patra) | ਇਮਲੀ ਦਾ ਪੱਤਾ (Imli dā Pattā) | සියඹලා දළු (Siyambalā Dalu) | புளிய இலை (Puḷiya Illāi) | చి౦తచిగురు ఆకు (Chintha Chiguru Āku) | ಪುಲಿತ ಎರೆ (Pulitha Ire) | (Imli kā Pattā) | तांबड्याचें पान (Tambaḍyache Pān) | ꯃꯉꯒꯥꯟ (Manghan) | तित्री को पात (Titri ko Pāt) |
| पटसन का पत्ता (Paṭsan kā Pattā) | Jute leaves | Chorporus capsulerus | মৰাপাত শাক (Môrāpāt Xāk) | পাট শাক (Pāṭ Shak) | શણ ના પાન (Shaṇ nā Pān) | ಸೆಣಬಿನ/ಸಣಬು ಎಲೆ (Saṇabina/Saṇabu Ile) | ചണ ഇല (Chaṇa Ila) | तागाचे पान (Tāgāche Pān) | ନଳିତା/ଛଣ ସାଗ (Naḷitā/Chhaṇa Sāga) | ਕਪਾਹ ਦਾ ਪੱਤਾ (Kapāh dā Pattā) | හණ කොල (Haṇa Kola) | சணல் இலை (Chaṇal Illai/Chaṇallai) | జనప ఆకు (Janapa Āku) | () | (Patsan kā Pattā) | तागाचें पान (Tāgachen Pān) | ꯑꯅꯥꯅꯕ/ꯂꯤꯃꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ (Ananba/Limon Pambi) | () |
| खट्टी पालक (Khaṭṭi Pālak) | Green Sorrel | Rumex vesicarius | টেঙেচি/চেঙা টেঙা (Tengesi/Sengā Tengā) | আমরুলি শাক/চাঙ্গেরি (Āmruli Shak/Chāngeri) | () | ಚುಕ್ಕೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Chukka Soppu) | Puḷiveṇda (പുളിവെണ്ട) | आंबट चुका (Āmbaṭ Chukā) | ଆମ୍ବିଳିଆ ସାଗ (Āmbiḷiyā Sāga) | ਖੱਟੀ ਪਾਲਕ (Khaṭṭi Pālak) | () | சுக்கன் கீரை (Chukkan Keerai) | చుక్కకూర (Chukka Koora) | () | (Khaṭṭi Pālak) | () | ꯁꯧꯒꯔꯤ (Sougari) | |
| लाल चौराई (Lāl Chaurai) | Red amaranth | Amaranthus cruentus | ৰঙা মৰীচা (Rôngā Morisā) | লাল শাক (Lāl Shāk) | ಕೆಂಪು ದಂಟಿನ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Kempu Dhanṭina Soppu) | ചുവപ്പ് ചീര (Chuvana Cheera) | लाल माठ (Lāl Māṭh) | କୋଶିଳା ଶାଗ/ନାଲିଆ ଖଡ଼ାଶାଗ (Kosiḷa Sāga/Nāliyā Khaṛa Sāga) | ਲਾਲ ਚੋਲਾਈ ਦੀ ਸਾਗ (Lāl Chawlai di Sāg) | රතු තම්පලා (Rathu Thamipala) | சிவப்பு முளைக்கீரை (Sivappu Muḷai Keerai/Poonkeerai) | కొయ్య తోటకూర (Koyya Thoṭakura) | ಪದ್ಪೆ (Padpe) | (Surkh Chaulai Sāg) | तांबडी राजगिरीच्या पानां (Tambdi Rājgirichya Pānã) | () | रातो लट्टे को साग (Rāto Laṭṭe ko Sāg) | |
| लूनिया साग (Luniā Sāg) | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | নূনিয়া শাক (Nuniya Shak) | લૂણી ની પાન (Luṇi ni Pān) | ಗೋಳಿ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Gēḷi Soppu) | കൊലുപ്പ (Koluppa) | घोळ (Ghoḷ) | କଲମା ଶାଗ (Kalamā Sāga) | பருப்புக்கீரை (Paruppu Keerai) | పాయల కూర (Gangapāyala/Pāyala Kūra)/పెద్దపాయల (Peddapaayala) /పెద్దపావిల (Peddapāvila Kūra) /పాప్పు కూర (Pappu Kūra) | ||||||||
| मेष्टा (Meshta) पितवा (Pitwaa) | Indian roselle/ Kenaf | Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus Sabdariffa | চুকা শাক/ টেঙ্গামৰা (Suka Xak/ Tênggamôra) | চুকা পালং শাক (Chuka Palong Shak) Meshtapat | ಪುಂಡಿ ಪಲ್ಲೆ | മതിപുളി (Mathipuli) | अंबाडी Ambāḍi | ଖତଶାଗ Khata saga | Kanuria, Nalita saga | புளி கீரை | గోంగూర (Gongoora) /Punti Koora (పుంటికూర) | |||||||
| मेथी (Methi) | Fenugreek | Trigonella Foenum | মেথি শাক (Methi Xāk) | মেথি শাক (Methi Shāk) | મેથી ની ભાજી (Methi ni Bhāji) | ಮೆಂತ್ಯ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Menthya Soppu) | ഉലുവചീര (Uluva Cheera, Menthya) | मेथी Methi | ମେଥି ଶାଗ (Methi Sāga) | ਮੇਥੀ (Methi) | උළුහාල් කොල (Uluhāl Kola) | வெந்தய கீரை (Vengthaya Keerai) | మె౦తికూర (Menthi Kūra) | ಮೆತ್ತೆ (Mettè) | ميتهي (Methi) | मेथी (Methi) | ||
| मूली का पत्ता (Mooli kā Pattā) | Radish leaves | Raphanus sativus | মূলা শাক (Mulā Xāk) | মূলো শাক (Mulo Shāk) | મુલો શાક (Mulo Shāk) | ಮೂಲಂಗಿ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Mūlangi Soopu) | മുള്ളങ്കി ചീര (Muḷḷangi Chīra) | मुळ्याचा पाला (Muḷyāchā Pālā) | ମୂଳାଶାଗ (Muḷā Sāga) | රාබු කොල (Rabu Kola) | முள்ளங்கி கீரை (Muḷḷangi Keerai) | ముల్ల౦గి ఆకు (Mullangi Āku) | ||||||
| पालक (Pālak) | Spinach | Spinacia oleracea | পালেঙ শাক (Pāleng Xāk) | পালঙ্গ শাক (Pālong Shāk) | પાલક (Pālak) | ಪಾಲಕ್ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Palak Soppu) | ചീര(Cheera) | पालक (Pālak) | ପାଳଙ୍ଗ ଶାଗ (Pāḷanga Sāga) | ਪਾਲਕ (Pālak) | නිවිති (Niwithi-Ceylon Spinach) | பசலை கீரை (Pachallai Keerai) | పాలకూర (Paala Kūra) | پالك ساگ (Palak Sāg) | पालकाचीं पानां (Pālakāchin Pānã) | |||
| पत्ता गोभी (Pattā Gobhi)/ पात गोभी (Pāt Gobhi)/ बंद गोभी (Band Gobhi) | Cabbage | Brassica oleracea Linne capita | বন্ধাকবি Bôndakobi | বাঁধাকপি Bãdhakopi | કોબીજ Kobij | ಎಲೆ ಕೋಸು (Ele kOsu) | कोबी Kobi | ବନ୍ଧାକୋବି Bandhakobi | Patta gobhi / band gobhi | ගෝවා Gova | முட்டை கோஸ் | కోసుకూర (Kosukūra) | گوبهي (Gobhi) | ꯀꯣꯕꯤ (Kobi) | ||||
| पोइ साग (Poi Sāg) | Malabar spinach, phooi leaf, red vine spinach, creeping spinach, climbing spinach | Basella alba var rubra | পুঁই শাক (Pűi Xāk) | পুঁই শাক (Pũi Shāk) | પોઇ ના પાન (Poi nā Pān) | ಬಸಳೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು / ಬಚ್ಚಲ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Basaḷe Soppu / Bachchala Soppu) | വളളി ചിര (Vaḷḷi Cheera) | मायाळू (Māyāḷu) | ପୋଇ ଶାଗ (Poi Sāga) | (Poi dā Sāg) | වැල් නිවිති (Vel Nivithi) | கொடிப்பசலை (Koḍuva Challai) | బచ్చలికూర (Bachhali Kūra) | (Basalè) | (VaLchi Baji) | |||
| Pudina patta | Mint leaves | Mentha spicata | Podina | phudino | ಪುದಿನ ಸೊಪ್ಪು | പുതീന | पुदीना Pudinā | ପୋଦିନା Podina | මිංචි කොල Minchi Kola | புதினா | పుదీనా ఆకు Pudina aaku | |||||||
| सरसों का साग (Sarson kā Sāg) | Mustard leaves | Brassica campestris | সৰিয়হ শাক (Xoriyah Xāk) | সর্ষে শাক (Sorshe Shāk) | (Sarasvani) | ಸಾಸಿವೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು | കടുകില | मोहरीचा पाला Moharichā pālā | ସୋରିଷଶାଗ Sorisa saga | ਸਰਸੋੰ ਦਾ ਸਾਗ (Sarson dā Sāg) | අබ කොල (Aba Kōla) | கடுகு கீரை (Kaṭiku Kīrai) | ఆవ ఆకు (Āva Āku) | () | ||||
| Suwa | Dill | Anethum graveolens | শুল্ফা Xulpha | – | સુવા/સવા Suvā/Savā | ಸಬ್ಬಸಿಗೆ ಸೊಪ್ಪು (Sabsige Soppu / Sabbasige Soppu) | – | शेपू Shepoo | ପାନମହୁରି/ପାନମଧୁରି Panamahuri/Panamadhuri | – | සූදුරු කොල Suduru Kola | சதகுப்பை Sathakuppai | సోయికూర (Soyi Koora) | |||||
| Sessile joyweed | Alternanthera sessilis | – | – | – | ಹೊನಗೊನೆ | – | कोयपा (Koypa) | – | – | – | -பொன்னாங்கண்ணி கீரை | పొన్నగంటికూర Ponnaganti koora | ||||||
| - | हरा प्याज़ | Onion stalks, green/spring onion | Allium cepa | कांद्याची पात Kāndyāchi Pāt | ପିଆଜ ସାଇଁ Piaja sain | ළුණු කොල Luunu Kola | ఉల్లి కాడ(లు) Ulli kaada(lu) ఉల్లి పొరక(లు) Ulli Poraka(lu) | |||||||||||
| -कुसुम | Safflower leaves | Carthamus tinctorius | Karḍai करडई | କୁସୁମ Kusuma | Kusuma akulu కుసుమ ఆకులు | |||||||||||||
| - | Argula | Eruca sativa | ಹಕ್ಕರಿಕೆ | – | ||||||||||||||
| Catnip | Amaranthus Viridis | കുപ്പച്ചീര Kuppacheera | කුප්පමේනිය Kuppamenia | Doggali Koora దొగ్గలికూర Chilaka Totakura చిలక తోటకూర | ||||||||||||||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Odia | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| आलू (Ālū) | Potato | Solanum tuberosum | আলু (Ālu) | আলু (Ālu) | બટાટા/બટાકા (Baṭāṭā/Baṭākā) | ಆಲೂಗಡ್ಡೆ (Alūgaḍe) | ഉരുളക്കിഴങ്ങ് (Uruḷakkizhangu) | बटाटा (Baṭāṭā) | ଆଳୁ/ବିଲାତିଆ ଆଳୁ (Āḷu/Bilatiyā Aḷu) | ਆਲੂ (Ālu) | අර්තාපල්/අල (Arthapal/Ala) | உருளை கிழங்கு (Uruḷai Kizhangu) | ఉర్లగడ్డ (Urlagaḍḍa-Rayalaseema Dialect) ఆలుగడ్డ (Ālugaḍḍa-Telangana Dialect), బంగాళాదుంప (Bangāḷādumpa-Kalinga Dialect) | ಬಟಾಟೆ (Batatè) | آلو (Ālu) | बोटटे (Boṭaṭe) | ꯑꯂꯨ (Alu) | आलु (Ālu) | आलु/আলু (Ālu) |
| अरबी (Arbi)/ अरुई (Arui)/ घुइयां (Ghuiyan) | Taro/ Colocasia | Colocasia esculenta | কচু (Kôsu) | কচু (Kôchu) | અળવી/ પત્તરવેલીયા (Aḷvi/Pattarveliyā) | ಕೆಸುವಿನ ಗಡ್ಡೆ (Kesuvinagaḍe) | ചേമ്പ് (Chembu) | अळकूडी/अरवी (Aḷkuḍi/Aravi) | ସାରୁ (Sāru) | ਅਰਬੀ (Arbi) | හබරළ (Habarala) | சேப்பங்கிழங்கு (Seppan Kizhangu) | చామగడ్డ, చామ దుంప (Chāma Gaḍḍa/Dumpa) | ತೆಬುಡ/ಕಂಡೆ (Tevuḍā/Kanḍe) | أروي (Arvī) | पोत्रडे (Potraḍe) | ꯄꯥꯟ (Pān) | कर्कलो (Karkalo) | |
| गाजर (Gājar) | Carrot | Daucus carota sativus | গাজৰ (Gazôr) | গাজর (Gajor) | ગાજર (Gājar) | ಗಜ್ಜರಿ (Gajjari) | സീമ മുള്ളങ്കി/കാരറ്റ് (Sīma Muḷḷangi/ Carrot) | गाजर (Gājar) | ଗାଜର (Gājara) | ਗਾਜਰ (Gājar) | කැරට් (Kaeraṭi) | மங்கல் முள்ளங்கி/கேரட் (Mangal Muḷḷangi/Carroṭ) | క్యారెట్ (Carroṭ) గాజరగడ్డ (Gājara Gaḍḍa ఎర్ర ముల్లంగి (Erra mullangi) | () | گاجر (Gājar) | ꯒꯥꯖꯔ (Gājar) | गाजर (Gājar) | ||
| गांठ गोभी (Gānṭh Gobhi) | Kohlrabi/ German Turnip | Brassica oleracea Gongylodes Group | ওলকবি (Ůlkobi) | ওলকপি (Olkopi) | નવલકોલ (Navalkol) | ನವಿಲು ಕೋಸು (Navilu Kōsu) | നൂല്കോല് (Nūlkol/ Nūkkal) | नवलकोल (Navalkol) | ଓଲ କୋବି (Ola Kobi) | ਗੰਠ ਗੋਬੀ (Gānṭh Gobi) | නෝකෝල් (Nōkōl) | நூல் கோல் (Nūlkōl) | నోకోల్ (Nūlkol) | شلجم (Shalgam) | |||||
| सूरन (Sūran)/ जिमीकंद (Jimikand)/ रतालू (Ratalū) | Elephant foot yam | Amorphophallus paeoniifolius | কাঠ আলু (Kāth Ālu) | খাম আলু (Khām Ālu) | સૂરણ (Suraṇ) | ಸುವರ್ಣ ಗಡ್ಡೆ (Suvarṇa Gaḍḍe) | ചേന (Chena) | सुरण (Suraṇ) | ଦେଶୀୟା ଆଳୁ/ମାଟିଆ ଆଳୁ (Desiā Āḷu/Matiā Āḷu) | ਜਿਮੀਕੰਦ (Jimikand) | රාජ අල (Rāja Ala) | சேனை கிழங்கு (Seṇai Kizhanghu) | కంద గడ్డ (Kanda Gaḍḍa) | ಸೂರಣ ಕಂಡೆ (Suraṇ Kanḍe) | زمين قند (Zamīn Qand) | सुर्ण (Surṇ) | ओल/ওল (Ōl) | ||
| मूली (Mūli)/ मुरई (Murai) | Radish | Raphanus sativus | মূলা Mula | মুলো/মুলা (Mulo/ Mula) | મૂળો (Muḷo) | ಮೂಲಂಗಿ (Mūlangi) | മുള്ളന്ഗി (Muḷḷangi) | मुळा (Muḷā) | ମୂଳା (Muḷā) | ਮੁਲੀ (Mooli) | රාබු (Rābu) | முள்ளங்கி (Muḷḷangi) | ముల్లంగి (Mullangi) | ಮೂಲೆಂಗಿ (Mulengi) | مولي (Mūli) | मुळो (Muḷo) | ꯃꯨꯂꯥ (Mulā) | मुला (Mulā) | |
| साबू (Sābu) | Tapioca/ Cassava | Manihot esculenta | চাগু (Sāgu) | সাগু (Shāgu) | () | ಮರಗೆಣಸು (Marageṇasu) | കപ്പ/പൂള, മരച്ചീനി/ചീനി (Kappa/Pūḷa/Marachīni /Chīni) | शेवरकंद (Shevarkand) | ଶାଗୁ (Sāgu) | ਸਾਬੁ (Sābu) | මයියොක්කා (Mayiyokka) | மரவள்ளி கிழங்கு (Maravaḷḷikezangu/ Kuchikezangu) | కఱ్ఱ పెండలం (Karra Penḍalam) | ಮಾರಾ ಗಿರೆಂಗ್ (Mārā Gireng) | ساگودا نه (Sagudana) | रूक कंगी (Rūka Kangi) | |||
| शकरकंद (Shakarkand)/ (Kanna) | Sweet potato | Ipomoca batata | মিঠা আলু (Mitha Alu) | মিষ্টি আলু/রাঙা আলু (Mishṭi Alu/Ranga Alu) | શક્કરીયા (Shakkariyā) | ಗೆಣಸು (Genasu) | മധുരക്കിഴങ്ങ് (Madhurakkizhangu) | रताळे (Ratāḷe) | କନ୍ଦମୂଳ (Kandamula) | (Shakkar Kandi) | බතල (Bathala) | சர்க்கரைவள்ளி கிழங்கு (Sarkaraivalli Kizhangu) | చిలగడదుంప/ గెనుసుగడ్డ (Chilakadadumpa/Genusugadda) | (Kereng) | شكر قند (Shakar Qand) | (Kangi) | अलुआ/অলুআ (Aluā) | ||
| चुकंदर (Chukandar) | Beetroot | Beta vulgaris | বিট (Bit) | বিট (Biṭ) | (bit) | ಬೀಟ್ರೂಟ್ (Beetroot) | ബീട്രൂറ്റ് () | बीट (beet) | ବିଟ୍ (Beet) | (Chukender) | රතු අල (Rathu Ala) බීට් රූට් (Beet Ruut) | பீட் ரூட் (beet root/senkizhangu) | బీటుదుంప (Beet Root, | چقندر (Chuqandar) | (Bitroot) | ||||
| शलजम (Shalzam)/ शलगम (Shalgam) | Turnip | Brassica rapa rapa | চালগোম (Salgům) | শালগম (Shalgom) | ನವಿಲ್ ಕೋಸು (Navil Kosu) | सलगम (Salgam) | ଶାଲଗମ (Sālagama) | (Shalgam/ salgam/ saljam) | நூல் கோல் (Knolkol) | (Tella Dumpa) తెల్ల దుంప | شلجم / (shaljam) | (knolkol) | शलगम/শলগম (Shalgam) | ||||||
| मिश्रीकंद (Mishrikand) | Jícama/Yam bean | Pachyrhizus erosus | শাঁখ আলু (Sankhalu) | () | () | () | कोनफळ/गोराडू (konphaḷ/gorāḍu) | ଶଙ୍ଖ ସାରୁ (Shankha Saru) | () | () | () | () | () | () | () | ||||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| बैंगन (Baingan)/ भाँटा (Bhānṭā) | Eggplant/ Aubergine/ Brinjal | Solanum melongena | বেঙেনা (Bêngênā) | বেগুন (Begun) | રીંગણ (Ringaṇ) | ಬದನೇಕಾಯಿ (Badanēkāyi) | വഴുതനങ്ങ (Vazhuthananga) | वांगी (Vāngi) | ବାଇଗଣ (Bāigaṇa) | ਬੈੰਗਣ/ਬਟਾਓੰ (Baingaṇ/Bataaoon) | වම්බොටු (Wamiboṭu) | கத்தரிக்காய் (Kathari kai) | వంకాయ (Vankāya) | ಬದನೆ/ಗುಲ್ಲ (Badanè /Gulla) | بيگن؛ (Baigan) | वैंगेण (Vaingeṇ) | ꯈꯃꯦꯟ ꯕꯔꯃꯁꯤꯀꯥ (Khamen Barmasikā) | भेण्टा (Bhenṭa) | भँटा/ভঁটা (Bhãṭā) |
| भिंडी (Bhinḍi) | Okra/ Lady's finger | Abelmoschus esculentus | ভেন্দি (Bhendi) | ঢেঁড়স (Dhêṛosh) | ભિંડા (Bhinḍa) | ಬೆಂಡೆ ಕಾಯಿ (Benḍe Kayi) | വെണ്ടയ്ക (Venḍakka) | भेंडी (Bhenḍi) | ଭେଣ୍ଡି (Bhenḍi) | ਭਿੰਡੀ (Bhinḍi) | බණ්ඩක්කා (Banḍakka) | வெண்டைக்காய் (Venḍai Kaai) | బెండకాయ (Benḍa Kaya) | ಬೆಂಡೆ ಕಾಯ್ (Benḍè Kāy) | بهندى؛ (Bhinḍi) | बेण्डे (Benḍe) | ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (Belendari) | भिंडी (Bhinḍi) | रामझिमनी/ৰামঝিমনী (Rāmjhimni) |
| फूलगोभी (Phūlgobhi)/ गोभी (Gobhi) | Cauliflower | Brassica oleracea | ফুলকবি (Phulkobi) | ফুলকপি (Phulkopi) | ફુલેવાર (Fulevār) | ಹೂ ಕೋಸು (Hū Kōsu) | കോളിഫ്ലോവേര് (Cauliflower) | फ्लॉवर्/फुलकोबी (Flower/Phūlkobi) | ଫୁଲ କୋବି (Phula Kobi) | ਫੁੱਲ ਗੋਬੀ (Phull Gobi) | මල් ගෝවා (Mal Govā) | காலி ப்லோவர் (Cauliflower) | కోసు పువ్వు, క్యాలీఫ్లవర్, గోబి పువ్వు (Kōsu Puvvu/Cauliflower/ Gōbi Puvvu) | () | گوبهي كا پهول (Gobhi Kā Phūl) | ꯀꯣꯕꯤ ꯂꯦꯏ (Kobi Lei) | काचो बंधा (Kācho Bandhā) | फूलगोभी/ফূলকোবি (FulKobi) | |
| सहजन (Sahjan) | Drumstick | Moringa oleifera | চজিনা (Sozina) | শজিনা ডাঁটা/ শজনে ডাঁটা (Shojina Ḍãṭa/Shojne Ḍãṭa) | સરગવાણી શિંગ (Saragwāṇi Shing) | ನುಗ್ಗೇ ಕಾಯಿ (Nugge Kāyi) | മുരിങ്ങയ്ക (Muringakka) | शेवग्याच्या शेंगा (Shevgyāchyā Shengā) | ମୁଙ୍ଗା/ସଜନା ଛୁଇଁ (Mungā/Sajana Chuin) | මුරුංගා (Murungā) | முருங்கை (Murungai) | మునగకాయ, ములక్కాడ,మునకాయ (MunagaKāya/Mulakkāḍa/Munakkāya) | ನುರ್ಗೇ (Nūrgae) | سيجن پهلى (Sījan Phalli) | मूस्का सुंग (Mūska Sung) | () | सजिवन (Sajivan) | সোহজন (Sohjan) | |
| शिमला मिर्च (Shimlā Mirch) | Capsicum/ Bell pepper | Capsicum annuum | ক্যাপচিকাম (Kêpsikam) | ক্যাপসিকাম (Kêpsikam) | ઘોલાર મર્ચા/ભોંભા મર્ચા/સિમલા મર્ચા (Gholār Marchā/Bhombhā Marchā/Simlā Marchā) | ದೊಣ್ಣೆ ಮೆಣಸಿನ ಕಾಯಿ (Doṇṇe Meṇasina kāyi) | കാപ്സികം (Capsicum) | ढोबळी मिरची (Ḍhobaḷi Mirchi) | ଶିମଲା ଲଙ୍କା (Simalā Lankā) | ਸਿਮਲਾ ਮਿਰਚ (Simlā Mirch) | මාලු මිරිස් (Mālu Miris) | குடை மிளகாய் (Kuḍai Miḷagai) | బుంగ/బుట్ట మిరపకాయ, బెంగళూరు మిరప, బెంగళూరు మిర్చి, సిమ్లా మిర్చి (Bunga/Buṭṭa Mirapa Kāya) | شمله مرچ (Shimlā Mirch) | ꯁꯤꯃꯂꯥ ꯃꯣꯔꯣꯛ (Shimlā Morok) | भेडे खुर्सानी (Bheḍe Khursāni) | शिमला मर्चाइ/শিমলা মৰ্চাই (Shimlā Marchāi) | ||
| टमाटर (Ṭamāṭar) | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | বিলাহী (Bilahi) | টমেটো (Ṭômeṭo) | ટામેટા (Ṭāmetā) | ಗೂದಿ ಹಣ್ಣು (Gūdi Haṇṇu) | തക്കാളി (Thakkāḷḷi) | टोमॅटो (Tomato) | ବିଲାତି ବାଇଗଣ /ପାତାଳସୁରି/ ପାତାଲ୍ ଘଣ୍ଟା (Bilati Baigaṇa/Pātāḷasuri/Pātālghaṇṭā) | ਟਮਾਟਰ (Ṭamāṭar) | තක්කාලි (Thakkali) | தக்காளி (Thakkāḷi) | రామ్ములగపండు, తక్కాళీ, తక్కాళకాయ (Rāmmulaga Panḍu, Takkāḷi Takkāḷakāya-Rayalseema Dialect) టమాటా (Ṭamāṭā-Telangana Dialect) | ಟೂಮೆಟಾ (Ṭōmeṭā) | (Ṭamāṭar) | टमाटो (Ṭomaṭo) | ꯈꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤ (Khamen Asinbi) | टमाटर (Ṭamāṭar) | टमाटर/টমাটৰ (Ṭamāṭar) |
| कच्चा कटहल (Kacchā Kaṭahal-unripe) पक्का कटहल (Pakkā Kaṭahal-ripe) | Jackfruit | Artocarpus heterophyllus | কঁঠাল (Kôthal) | ইঁচর (Ichor-young) কাঁঠাল (Kãṭhal-mature) | કાચા ફણસ (Kāchā Faṇas) પાકા ફણસ (Pākā Faṇas) | ಹಲಸಿನ ಕಾಯಿ (Halasina Kāyi) ಹಲಸಿನ ಹಣ್ಣು (Halasina Haṇṇu) | പഴുക്കാത്ത ചക്ക (Pazhukattha Chakka) പഴുത്ത ചക്ക (Pazhuttha Chakka) | कच्च्या फणस (Kacchya Faṇas) पिक्लेल्या फणस (Piklelyā Faṇas) | କଠା/ପଣସ କଠା (Kaṭha/Paṇasa Kaṭha) ପାଚିିଲା ପଣସ (Pāchilā Paṇasa) | ਕਟਹਲ (Kaṭahal) | කොස් (Kos) | பலாக்காய்/ பலாப்பழம் Palākkai/Palāpazham) | పనస కాయ (Panasa Kāya) | ಪೆಲಕಾಯಿ/ಗುಜ್ಜೆ (Pelakāi/Gujjè) | ڭتهل (Kaṭahal) | पोणोस (Poṇos) | ꯊꯏꯕꯣꯡ (Thaibong) | कटहर (Kaṭahar) | कच्चा कटहर/কচ্চা কটহৰ (Kacchā Kaṭ-har) पाकल कटहर/পাকল কটহৰ (Pākal Kaṭ-har) |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| बादाम Badaam | Almond | বাদাম Badam | বাদাম Badam | Badam | ಬಾದಾಮಿ (Badami) | ബദാം പരിപ്പ് (Badam Parippu) | बदाम Badām | ପେସ୍ତା ବାଦାମ Pesta Badam | பாதாம் பருப்பு | Badam Pappu బాదం పప్పు | Bādam | بادام / baadaam | Badam | |||
| काजू Kaju | Cashew | Anacardium occidentale | কাজু বাদাম Kazu Badam | কাজু বাদাম Kaju Badam | Kaju | ಗೋಡಂಬಿ (Godambi) | കശുവണ്ടി പരിപ്പ്,കപ്പലണ്ടി പരിപ്പ് (Kashu Andiparippu, Kappalandy Parippu ) | काजू Kāju | କାଜୁ ବାଦାମ/ଲଙ୍କା ଆମ୍ବ Kaju Badam/ Lanka Amba | කජු Kaju | முந்திரி பருப்பு (mundiri) | Jeedipappu(జీడిపప్పు) /Kaaju(కాజు) | Beeja / Korantu | كاجو / kaaju | Kaju | |
| बादाम Badaam | Indian almond | Terminalia catappa | শিলিখা Xilikha | কাঠ বাদাম Kaṭh Badam | Badam | ബദാം | Badaam | କାଠ ବାଦାମ Katha Badam | Prunus amygdales | කොට්ටම්බා Kottamba | Baadam | بادام / baadaam | Badam | |||
| मूँगफली Moongphali/ चिनिया बादाम Chiniya Badaam | Peanut/ Groundnut | Arachis hypogea | বাদাম Badam | চীনা বাদাম China Badam | Magfali / Shing | ಕಡಲೆ ಕಾಯಿ / ಶೇಂಗಾ ಬೀಜ / ನೆಲಗಡಲೆ (Kadale Kaayi / Shenga Beeja / Nelagadale) | നിലക്കടല ( Nila Kadala) | शेंगदाणा Shengdāṇā | ଚିନା ବାଦାମ China Badam | රට කජු Rata Kaju | வேர்க்கடலை / மணிலா பயறு Kadalai / kachaan kadalai | Verusenagakaya(వేరుశనగకాయ), Palli(పల్లీ) | Nelakadale | مونگ پهلي / moong phalli | Bhuny Tsane | |
| पिस्ता Pista | Pistachio | পিস্তা/পেস্তা Pista/ Pesta | Pista | Pista | पिस्ता Pistā | ପିସ୍ତା Pista | පිස්ටා ඇට Pista Ata | Pista Pappu | پسته / pista | |||||||
| अखरोट Akharot | Walnut | আখ্ৰোট Akhrůt | আখরোট Akhroṭ | Akharot | अक्रोड Akroḍ | ଅଖରୋଟ୍ Akharot | Wallnut | Akrootukaya అక్రోటుకాయ | أخروت / Akhhroot | |||||||
| सुपारी Supārī | Areca nut | Areca catechu | তামোল/ গুৱা Tamůl/ Guwa | সুপারি Shupari | Sopari | ಅಡಿಕೆ (Adike) | അടയ്ക്ക (Adakka) | सुपारी Supāri | ଗୁଆ Guaa | පුවක් Puvak | பாக்கு (paakku) | Vakka వక్క | bajjai | سپاري / supaari | PopoL | |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| मटर (Maṭar) | Pea | Pisum sativum | মটৰ (Môtôr) | মটর (Môṭor) | વાટણ (Vātaṇa) | ಹಸಿರು ಬಟಾಣಿ (Hasiru Batāṇe) | പട്ടാണി (Pattāṇi) | /मटार (Vātaṇā/Maṭār) | ମଟର ଛୁଇଁ/ମଟର (Maṭara Chhuin/Maṭara) | (Maṭar) | ඇටය (Aeṭaya) | பட்டாணி (Paṭṭāṇi) | బఠాని (Batāni) | (Batāṇa) | (Maṭar Phalli) | () | () | () |
| ग्वारफली Gwarphali | Cluster beans | Cyamopsis tetragonolobus | Guvar | ಗೋರಿ ಕಾಯಿ (Gori Kayi) / ಚವಳಿಕಾಯಿ (ChavaLi Kayi) | ബീന്സ്(Beans) | गवार Gavār | ଗୁଆଁର Guanra | France Bean/Phaliyaan (plural) | கொத்தவரங்காய் (Kothavarangai) | గోరు/వర౦గ చిక్కుడుకాయ (Goru/Varanga Chikkudu Kaya) | gawarphalli/گوار | |||||||
| बोडा Boda | French beans/ Green beans | Fansi | ಹುರಳಿ ಕಾಯಿ (Hurali Kayi) | പയര്(Payar) | घेवडा/फरसबी ghevḍa/faras bee | ବିନ୍ Bean | බෝංචි Bonchi | பீன்ஸ் | పచ్చి బఠాని | beans/بينس | ||||||||
| लोबिया की फलियाँ | Cowpea | (Alsande) | चवळीची शेंगा Chawlichi shengā | ଝୁଡ଼ଙ୍ଗ Jhudanga | అలసందలు/అలచందలు | |||||||||||||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| आटा (Āṭā) | Flour | গুড়ি (Guri) | গুঁড়া (Gũṛā) | લોટ (Loṭ) | ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Hiṭṭu) | പ്പൊടി (Poḍi) | पिठी (Piṭhi) | ଘୋରା (Ghorā) | ਆਟਾ (Āṭā) | පිටි (Piṭi) | மாவு (Māvu) | పిండి (Pinḍi) | ಪೋಡಿ (Poḍi) | (Āṭā) | पीठ (Piṭh) | ꯁꯨꯕꯤ (Subi) | पिठो (Piṭho) | আটা (Āṭā) | |
| मैदा (Maida) | Refined wheat flour | ময়দা (Môydā) | ময়দা (Môeda) | મેંદો (Mêndo) | ಮೈದಾ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Maidā Hiṭṭu) | മൈദാ മാവ് (Maidā Māvu) | मैदा (Maidā) | ମଇଦା (Maidā) | ਮੈਦਾ (Maidā) | තිරිඟු පිටි (Thiringu Piṭi) | மைதா (Maidā) | మైదా పిండి (Maidā Pinḍi) | ಮೈದಾ ಪೊಡಿ (Maidā Poḍi) | ميده (Maidā) | मैदा (Maidā) | ꯃꯩꯗꯥ (Maidā) | मैदा (Maidā) | মৈদা (Maidā) | |
| गेहुं का आटा/आटा (Gehũ kā Āṭā/Āṭā) | Wheat flour | গমৰ গুড়ি /আটা (Gômor Guri/Ātā) | গমের গুঁড়া/আটা (Gômer Gũṛā/Āṭā) | ઘંંઉ ના લોટ (Ghãu nā Loṭ) | ಗೋಧಿ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Gōdhi Hiṭṭu) | ഗോതമ്പ് പൊടി (Gōdambu Poḍi) | कणीक/पोळीचे पीठ/चपातीचे पीठ (Kaṇik/Poḷiche Piṭh/Chapātiche Piṭh) | ଗହମର ଘୋରା/ପେସା (Gahamara Ghorā/Pesā) ଅଟା (Aṭa) | ਆਟਾ (Āṭā) | ආට පිටි (Āṭa Piṭi) | கோதுமை மாவு (Gōdhumai Māvu) | గోధుమ పిండి (Gōdhuma Pinḍi) గోధుమ నూక/రవ్వ (Gōdhuma Nūka/Ravva-Cracked Wheat Flour) | ಗೋದಿ ಪೊಡಿ (Godhi Poḍi) | گيهو كا آتا(Gehun ka Aaṭa) | गावा पीठ (Gāvā Piṭh) | ꯒꯦꯍꯨ ꯁꯨꯕꯤ (Gehu Subi) | गहूँ को आटा (Gahũ ko Āṭa) | গহুমক আটা (Gahumk Āṭa) | |
| सूजी Sūji | Semolina | চুজি (Suzi) | সুজি (Shuji) | સોજી/રવો (Soji /Ravo) | ರವೆ (Rave) | സൂജി (Sūji) | रवा (Ravā) | ସୁଜି (Suji) | ਸੁਜੀ (Sooji) | සෙමොලිනා (Semolina) | ரவை (Ravai) | రవ్వ (Ravva) | ಸಪುರ ಸಜ್ಜಿಗೇ (Sapura Sajjigae) | سوجى (Soji) | रवा (Ravā) | ꯁꯨꯖꯤ (Suji) | सूजी (Sūji) | সুজী (Sūji) | |
| चावल का आटा (Chāval ka Āṭa) | Rice flour | চাউলৰ গুড়ি (Saulôr Guri) | চালের গুঁড়া (Chaler Gũṛa) | ચોખાનો લોટ (Chokhāno Loṭ) | ಅಕ್ಕಿ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Akki Hiṭṭu) | അരിപ്പൊടി (Ari Poḍi) | तांदुळाची पिठी (Tānduḷāchi Piṭhi) | ଚାଉଳର ଘୋରା/ଚୂନା (Chauḷara Ghorā/Chunā) | ਚੋਲ ਦਾ ਆਟਾ (Chawl da Āṭā) | හාල් පිටි (Hāl Piṭi) | அரிசி மாவு (Arisi Māvu) | బియ్యం పిండి (Biyyam Pinḍi) వరిపిండి (Varipinḍi) నెచ్చు (Nechchu) | ಅರಿತ ಪೊಡಿ (Aritha Poḍi) | چاول كا آتا (Chāval kā Āṭa) | तांदळाच्या पीठ (Tānduḷāchyā Piṭh) | ꯆꯦꯡ ꯁꯨꯕꯤ (Cheng Subi) | चामल को पिठो (Chāmal ko Piṭho) | চৌৰঠ (Chauraṭh) | |
| मक्कई का आटा (Makkai kā Āṭā) | Cornflour | মাকইৰ গুু়ড়ি/মাকইৰ আটা (Mākoir Guri/Mākair Āta) | মাক্কাইর/ভুুটের গুড়া (Mākkāir/Bhuṭer Gũṛa) | મકાઈનો લોટ (Makāino Loṭ) | ಮುಸುಕಿನ/ಮೆಕ್ಕೆ ಜೋಳದ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Musukina / Mekke Joḷada Hiṭṭu) | ചോളപ്പൊടി (Chōḷa Poḍi) | मक्याचे पीठ (Makyāche Piṭh) | ମକାର ଘୋରା/ପେସା (Makāra Ghorā/Pesā) | ਮੱਕੀ ਦਾ ਆਟਾ (Makki dā Āṭā) | බඩ ඉරිඟු පිටි (Baḍa-Iringu Piṭi) | சோள மாவு (Sōḷa Māvu) | మొక్కజొన్న పిండి (Mokka Jonna Pinḍi) | () | مكئ كا آتا (Makai ka Āṭā) | मकोच्या पीठ (Makochyā Piṭh) | ꯆꯨꯖꯛ ꯁꯨꯕꯤ (Chujak Subi) | मक्कै को पिठो (Makkai ko Piṭho) | ||
| जुवार का आटा (Juvār ka Āṭā) | Sorghum flour | বাৰ্লি (Barli) | সক্তু (Shoktu) | જૂવારનો લોટ (Juvārno Loṭ) | ಜೋಳದ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Joḷada Hiṭṭu) | യവം പോടി (Yavam Poḍi) | ज्वारीचे पीठ (Jwārichi Piṭh) | ଯୁବାର/ଯୁଆରର ଘୋରା (Jubāra/Juārara Ghorā) ବାର୍ଲି (Bārli) | ਜਵਾਰ ਦਾ ਆਟਾ (Jawar da Āṭa) | வாற் கோதுமை (Vaar Godhumai) | జొన్న పిండి (Jonna Pinḍi) | جوار كا آتا (Jowar ka Āṭa) | ꯖꯣꯋꯥꯔ ꯁꯨꯕꯤ (Jowār Subi) | ||||||
| बाजरे का आटा Bājre ka Āṭā | Millet (finger millet) flour | মারওআএর গুড়া (Marwaer Gũṛa) | બાજરી નો લોટ (Bājri no Loṭ) | ಸಜ್ಜೆ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Sajje Hiṭṭu) | കൂവരക് (Koovaraku) | बाजरीचे पीठ (Bājriche Piṭh) | ମାଣ୍ଡିଆର ଘୋରା/ପେସା (Mandiāra Ghorā/Pesā) | කුරක්කන් පිටි (Kurakkan Piṭi) | கேழ்வரகு (Kezhvaragu) | సజ్జ పిండి (Sajja Pinḍi) | ಸಜ್ಜೆ ಪೋಡಿ (Sajje Poḍi) | (Bājre ka Āṭā) | ꯕꯖꯔꯥ ꯁꯨꯕꯤ (Bajrā Subi) | बाजरा को पीठ (Bājrā ko Piṭh) | বজৰক আটা(Bajrak Āṭa) | ||||
| बेसन (Besan) | Gram flour | বেচন (Besôn) | বেসন (Beshon) | વેસન/ ચણાનો લોટ (Vesan/Chaṇāno Loṭ) | ಕಡಲೆ ಹಿಟ್ಟು (Kadale Hiṭṭu) | കടലപ്പൊടി (Kaḍala Poḍi) | बेसन (Besan) हरभऱ्याचे पीठ/डाळीचे पीठ (Harbharyāche Piṭh/Ḍāḷiche Piṭh) | ଭୁୁଟ/ବୁୁଟ ଚଣା ଘୋରା (Bhuṭa/Buṭa Chaṇa Ghorā) ବେସନ (Besana) | ਬੇਸਨ (Besan) | කඩල පිටි (Kaḍala Piṭi) | கடலை மாவு (Kaḍala Māvu) | శనగపిండి (Senaga Pinḍi) | ಕಡಲೆ ಪೊಡಿ (Kadalè Poḍi) | بيسن (Besan) | बेसन (Besan) | ꯕꯦꯁꯟ (Besan) | बेसन (Besan) | বেসন (Besan) | |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali | Maithili |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| फल (Phal) | Fruits | ফলবা (Fôlba) | ফলগুলো (Phôlgulo) | ફળોના (Phaḷona) | ಹಣ್ಣುಹಂಪಲು (Haṇṇuhampalu) | പഴങ്ങൾ (Pazhangan) | फळे (Phaḷe) | ଫଳଗୁଡ଼ିକ (Phaḷaguṛika) | ਫਲਾਂ (Phalān) | පලතුරු (Phalaturae) | பழங்கள் (Pazhangaḷ) | పండ్లు (Panḍlu) | ಪಲವಸ್ತುಲು (Palavastulu) | (Phal) | फळा (Phaḷā) | ꯎꯍꯩ (Uhei) | फलहरू (Phalharū) | |
| कच्चा आम (Kacchā Ām-Unripe Mango) पक्का आम (Pakka Ām-Ripe Mango) | Mango | Mangifera indica | কেঁঁচা আম (Kêsā Ām) পকা আম (Påkā Ām) | কাঁচা আম (Kãchā Ām) পাকা আম (Pākā Ām) | કાચી કેરી (Kāchi Keri) પાકી કેરી (Pāki Keri) | ಮಾವಿನ ಕಾಯಿ (Māvina Kāyi) ಮಾವಿನ ಹಣ್ಣು (Māvina Haṇṇu) | പച്ച മാങ്ങ/മാമ്പഴം (Paccha Mānga/Māmbazham) പഴുക്കാത്ത മാങ്ങ/മാമ്പഴം (Pazhukkāttha Mānga/Māmbazham) | कच्च्या कैरी/आंबा (Kacchya Kairi/Āmbā) पिकलेेल्या कैरी/आंबा (Piklelya Kairi/Āmbā) | କଞ୍ଚା ଆମ୍ବ (Kanchā Āmba) ପାଚିିଲା ଆମ୍ବ (Pāchilā Āmba) | ਕੱਚਾ ਆਮ (Kaccha Ām) ਪੱਕਾ ਆਮ (Pakkā Ām) | අමු අඹ (Amu Amba) ඉදුණු අඹ (Iduṇu Amba) | பழுக்காத மாங்காய்/மாம்பழம் (Pazhakkātha Māngkai/Māmbazham) பழுத்த மாங்காய்/மாம்பழம் (Pazhattha Māngkai/Māmbazham) | మామిడి కాయ (Māmiḍi Kāya) మామిడి ప౦డు (Maamiḍi Pānḍu) | ಕುಕ್ಕುದ ಕಾಯ್/ಕುಕ್ಕು ಕಾಯ್ (Kukkuda Kāy/Kukku Kāy) () | (Kachā Ām) (Pakkā Ām) | आंबो (Āmbo) | ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯧ ꯃꯦꯇꯄꯥ (Heinou Metpā) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯧ ꯃꯍꯤ (Heinou Mahi) | काचो आंप (Kācho Ānp) पाको आंप (Pāko Ānp) |
| अमरूद (Amrūd) | Guava | Psidium guajava | মধুৰিআম (Modhuriām) | পেয়ারা (Peyārā) | જામફળ (Jamphaḷ) | ಸೀಬೆ ಹಣ್ಣು (Sībe Haṇṇu) / ಪೇರು ಹಣ್ಣು (Pēru Haṇṇu) | ആലക്ക പഴം/പേരയ്ക്ക (Ālakka Pazham/Perakka) | पेरू (Peru) | ପିଜୁଳି (Pijuḷi) | ਅਮਰੂਦ (Amrūd) | පේර (Pēra) | கொய்யா (Koyyā) | జామి కాయ (Jāmi Kāyi-unripe) జామి పండు (Jāmi Panḍu-ripe) | ಪೇರಲೆ (Perale) | (Amrūd) | पेर (Per) | ꯄꯨꯡꯊꯣꯟ (Punghthon) | अंबा (Ambā) |
| अनन्नास (Anannās) | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | আনাৰস (Ānārôx) | আনারস (Ānārosh) | અનાનાસ (Anānās) | ಅನನಾಸ್ (Ananās) | കൈതച്ചക്ക (Kaithachakka) | अननस (Ananas) | ସପୁରି (Sapuri) | ਅਨਾਨਾਸ (Anānās) | අන්නාසි (Annāsi) | அன்னாசி பழம்/பரங்கி தலை (Aṇṇāsipazham / Parangi Thalai) | అనాస పండు (Anāsa Panḍu) | ಪರೇಂಗಿ (Parengi) | (Anānās) | अनस (Anas) | ꯀꯤꯍꯣꯝ (Kihom) | भुईकटहर (Bhuikaṭahar) |
| इमली (Imli) | Tamarind | Tamarindus indica | তেতেলী (Teteli) | তেঁতুল (Tentul) | આમલી/આમ્બલી (Āmli/Āmbli) | ಹುಣಸೆ ಹಣ್ಣು (Huṇase Haṇṇu) | വാളന്പുളി/മര പുളി (Vaḷanpuḷi/Mara Puḷi) | चिंच (Chincha) | ତେନ୍ତୁଳି (Tentuḷi) | (Imli) | සියඹලා (Siyambalā) | புளி (Puḷi) | చింత కాయ (Chinta kāya-Unripe) చింత పండు (Chinta Panḍu-Ripe) | ಪುಲಿ (Puli) | (Imli) | अमटाण (Amṭaṇ) | () | तित्री (Titri) |
| जंगल जलेबी/गंगा ईमली (Jungal Jalebi/Gangā Imli) | Madras thorn | Pithecellobium dulce | তেতেলী (Teteli) | জিলাপী তেঁতুল/জঙ্গলী ফল (Jilāpi Tentul/Jôngli Phôl) | ગૉરક આંબલી/વખાઇ આંબલી (Gorak Āmbli/Bakhai Āmbli) | ದೊರ ಹುಣಸೆ/ಸೀಮೆ ಹುಣಸೆ/ಇಲಾಚಿ ಕಾಯಿ/ಇಲಾಚ್-ಹುಂಚಿ ಕಾಯಿ (Dōra Huṇase/Sīme Huṇase or Ilaichi Kāyi or Ilach-hunchi Kāyi) | കൊടുകാപ്പുള്ളി (Koḍukappuḷḷi) | इलायची चिंच/विलायती चिंच (Ilaichi Chinch/Vilayati Chinch) | ସିମା ତେନ୍ତୁଳି/ବଙ୍କୁଲି ତେନ୍ତୁଳି/ସିମା କଇଁଆ Sīmā Tentuḷi/Bankuli Tentuḷi/Seema Kaiyān) | ਜੰੰਗਲੀ ਜਲੇਬੀ/ਜੰਗਲੀ ਊਮਲੀ (Jungli Jalebi/Jungli Imli) | () | கொடுக்காப்புளி (Koḍukkappuḷi) | సీమ చింత (Sīma Chinta) | ಸೀಮ ಪುಲಿ (Simā Puli) | (Imli) | चिंस (Chins) | ||
| काजू फल (Kājū Phal) | Cashew fruit | Anacardium occidentale | কাজু ফল (Kāju Fôl) | কাজু ফল (Kāju Phôl) | કાજુ નુ ફળ (Kāju nu Phaḷ) | ಗೇರು ಹಣ್ಣು (Gēru Haṇṇu) | കശുവണ്ടിപ്പഴം/കാശുമാങ്ങ (Kashuvandi Pazham/Kashumanga) | काजूबोंड/बोंडू (Kājubonḍ/Bonḍu) | ଆମ୍ବଳା/ଲଙ୍କା ଆମ୍ବ (Āmbaḷā/Lankā Āmba) | ਕਾਜੁ ਦੀ ਫਲ (Kāju di Phal) | කජු පුහුලං (Kaju Puhulam) | முந்திரி பழம் (Mundiri Pazham) | జీడి పప్పు పండు (Jeeḍi Panḍu) | ಗೋಂಕು (Gonku) | (Kāju Phalli) | काजू फळे (Kāju Phaḷe) | ꯀꯖꯨ ꯎꯍꯩ (Kaju Uhou) | काजू फल (Kāju Phal) |
| कच्चा केला (Kaccha Kelā-Plantain) पक्का केला (Pakkā Kelā/Kelā-Ripe Banana) | Plantain/Banana | Musa acuminata × balbisiana | কাচ কল (Kās Kôl) পকা কল/কল (Pakā Kôl/Kôl) | কাঁচ কলা (Kãch Kôlā) পাকা কলা/কলা (Pākā Kôlā/Kôla) | કાચા કેળા (Kācha Keḷā) પાકા કેળા/કેળા (Pākā Keḷā) | ಬಾಳೆ ಕಾಯಿ (Bāḷe Kāyi) ಬಾಳೆ ಹಣ್ಣು (Bāḷe Haṇṇu) | വാഴപ്പഴം (Pazhukkattha Vāzhapazham) പഴുത്ത വാഴപ്പഴം (Pazhutta Vāzhapazham) | कच्च्या केळं/केळे (Kacchyā Keḷã/Keḷe) पिकलेल्या केळं/केळे (Piklelyā Keḷã/Keḷe) | କଞ୍ଚା କଦଳୀ (Kanchā Kadaḷi) ପାଚିିଲା କଦଳୀ (Pāchilā Kadaḷi) | ਕੱਚਾ ਕੇਲਾ (Kacchā Kelā) ਪੱਕਾ ਕੇਲਾ (Pakkā Kelā) | අමු කෙසෙල් (Amu Kesel) ඉදුණු කෙසෙල් (Iduṇu Kesel) | பழுக்காத வாழைக்காய் (Pazhakkatha Vazhaikkāi) பழுத்த வாழைப்பழம் (Pazhattha Vazhaikkāi | అరటికాయ (Araṭi Kāya) | ಬಾರೆದ ಪರ್ಂದ್ (Baareda Parnd) ಪರ್ಂದ್ (Parndu) | (Kela) | बंगबळे केळें (Bangbaḷe Keḷen) केळें (Keḷen) | Tamenglong | काचो केरा (Kācho Kerā) पाको केरा (Pāko Kerā) |
| कच्चा नारियल (Kacchā Nāriyal) पक्का नारियल (Pakkā Nāriyal) | Tender Coconut Ripe coconut | Cocos nucifera | কেঁঁচা নাৰিকল (Kesā Nārikôl) পকা নাৰিকল (Påkā Nārikôl) | ডাব (Ḍāb) নারিকেল (Nārikel) | લિલો/કાચી નાળીયેર (Lilo/Kāchi Nāḷiyer) પાકી નાળીયેર (Pāki Nāḷiyer) | ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿಹಸಿ ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ (Hani Tenginakāyi) ಮಾಗಿದ ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ (Māgida Tenginākāyi) | പച്ച നാളികേരം/തേങ്ങ (Paccha Naḷikēram/Thēnga) പഴുത്ത നാളികേരം/തേങ്ങ (Pazhuttha Naḷikēram/Thēnga) | गरोदरपणात नारळ (Garodarpaṇat Nāraḷ) पिकलेेल्या नारळ (Piklelyā Nāraḷ) | ପଇଡ଼ (Paiṛa) ନଡ଼ିଆ (Naṛiā) | ਕੱਚਾ ਨਾਰੀਅਲ (Kacchā Nārial) ਪੱਕਾ ਨਾਰੀਅਲ (Pakkā Narial) | අමු පොල් (Amu Pōl) ඉදුණු පොල් (Iduṇu Pōl) | பச்சை தேங்காய் (Pacchai Thengāi) பழுத்த தேங்காய் (Pazhattha Thengāi) | కొబ్బరి కాయ/టెంకాయ (Kobbari Kāya/Ṭenkāya) | ಕೊಪ್ಪರ (Koppara) ತಾರಾಯಿ (Tārāyi) | ناریل (Nāriyel) | नारळ (Nārl) | () | () |
| गुंज; रत्ती Gunj; Ratti | Jequirity | Abrus precatorius | কুঁচ Kuch | Gumchi | ಗುಲಗಂಜಿ (Gula-ganji) | കുന്നിക്കുരു (Kunni-kuru) | गुंज Gunj | ନାଲି କାଇଁଚ Nali Kaincha | Kundumaniver | గురివింద గింజ Gurivindha ginja | Guruguńǰi | goonj | Gurgunjji | |||||
| लीची Lichee | Litchi, lychee | Litchi chinensis | লেচু/ লিচু Lesu/ Lisu | লিচু Lichu | lichee | लिची lichee | ଲିଚୁ କୋଳି Lichu Koli | ලයිචිස් lychees | lichi | |||||||||
| Cjinese | Euphoria longana | আচফল Asphôl | আঁশফল Ãshphôl | හිඹුටු Himbutu | ||||||||||||||
| करोंदा Karonda | Conkerberry | Carissa carandas | করমচা/করঞ্জা Kôromcha/ Kôronja | करवंद karavanda | କ୍ଷୀର କୋଳି/ ଦୁଧ କୋଳି Kheera Koli/ Doodh Koli | karda | వాక్కాయ Vaagu Kaaya, Vaakkaaya | karaonda | KarnDa | |||||||||
| बेर Ber | Indian plum, Jujube | Ziziphus mauritiana/ Ziziphus jujuba | Bogori | বরই/ কুল Kul/Bôroi | bor | Bari hannu, Yalachi hannu | बोर Bor | ବର କୋଳି/ଗୟା ବର କୋଳି Bara Koli/Gaya Bara Koli | Elantha Pazham/elanthai palam | రేగు పండు Regu/regi pandu | beri | Bor | ||||||
| Carambola | Starfruit | Averrhoa carambola | কামরাঙা/কামরাঙ্গা Kamranga/ Kamrangga | ಬಿಂಬಳಿ ಹಣ್ಣು (Bimbali Hannu) | କରମଙ୍ଗା Karamanga | කාමරංකා Kamarangka | Karbonlan | |||||||||||
| बिलिंबी Bilimbi | Bilimbi | Averrhoa bilimbi | বিলিম্বি Bilimbi | Bilimbi | බිලිං Biling | Bilimbi Kaayalu | bilam | Bimblan | ||||||||||
| जामुन Jamun | Jambul / Jamun | Syzygium cumini | জাম Zam | জাম Jam | Jambu | ನೇರಳೆ ಹಣ್ಣು (Nerale Hannu) | जांभुळ Jāmbhuḷ | ଜାମୁ କୋଳି Jamu Koli | මාදං Maadan | naver pazham | నేరేడు పండు (Naeraedu pandu) | جا من | Jamblan | |||||
| Malabar plum | Syzygium jambos | গোলাপ জাম Golap Jam | ജാമ്ബയ്ക്ക | ଜାମୁରୋଳ Jamurol | පිනි ජම්බු Pini Jambu | siru naver pazham | Jaam | |||||||||||
| Syzygium samarangense | ජම්බු Jambu | |||||||||||||||||
| Rose apple | জামরুল Jamrul | Jamba/ Golap Jamu | Jambuneredu Pandu (జంబునేరేడుపండు) | jaam / gulabi jaam | Jaamb | |||||||||||||
| कैथा बेल Kaitha Bel / Kabeet | Wood apple/ Curd Fruit | Limonia acidissima | কৎ বেল Kôt Bel | Kothu | Belada Hannu | कवठ kavaṭh | କଇଁଥ Kaitha | දිවුල් Divul | கூவிளம் koovilam | వెలగ ప౦డు (Velaga Pandu) | gorakamli / wood apple | |||||||
| बेल Bel, Bilva | Bael, Wood apple | Aegle marmelos | বেল Bêl | বেল Bel | ಬೇಲದ ಹಣ್ಣು (Belada Hannu) | കൂവളം Koovalam | बेलफळ Belaphaḷ | ବେଲ Bela | බෙලි Beli | கூவிளம் koovilam, வில்வ மரம் Vilva Maram | మారేడు ప౦డు (Maredu Pandu) | wood apple | ||||||
| টেপারি Ṭepari | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mircocos paniculata | Mircocos paniculata | পিছন্দি Pichhondi | Tooth Koli | |||||||||||||||
| अमड़ा Amada | Hog plum | Spondias mombin | আমড়া Amṛa | बोर Bor | ଆମ୍ବଡ଼ା Ambada | ඇඹරැල්ල Amberalla | ambada | Ambade | ||||||||||
| आँवला Aanvala | Indian gooseberry | Phyllanthus emblica | আমলসী Amloxi | আমলকী Amloki | ambala | ನೆಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಯಿ/ ಗುಡ್ದದ ನೆಲ್ಲಿ (Nelli Kaayi) | nellikka (നെല്ലിക്ക) | Āwḷā आवळा | ଅଁଳା କୋଳି Aanla Koli | නෙල්ලි Nelli | nellikkai /நெல்லிக்காய் | ఉసిరికాయ Usiri/usuru kaya నెల్లికాయ nellikaya | nelli | aamla | AvaLe | |||
| Tari | Toddy palm/ Ice-apple | Borassus flabellifer | তাল Tal | তাল Tal | ತಾಟಿನುಂಗು / ಹಣೆ ಬೆಂಡ (Thati Nungu / Hane Benda) | പന നൊന്ഗ് (Pana Nungu) | ताडगोळा Taadgoḷa | ତାଳ Tala | තල් Thal | நொங்கு Nungu/ panampalam | Ice Apples: తాటి ముంజలు (Thaati Munjalu), Palmyra Fruit: తాటికాయ | taar gola | IrrvoL | |||||
| खजूर Khajoor | Date (fruit) | Phoenix dactylifera | খেজুৰ Khezur | খেজুর Khejur | khajoor | ಖರ್ಜೂರ (Kharjoora) | ഈത്തപഴം Eethapazham / Eendapazham | खजूर Khajur | ଖଜୁରି Khajuri | රට ඉඳි Rata Indi | பேரீச்சம் பழம் Pericham pazham | ఖర్జూరపండు/ఖర్జూరం/ పేరీఁత పండు Kharjuramu/ Paereetha pandu Wild/silver date: ఈఁతపండు | khajoor | Kajoor | ||||
| अँजीर Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | ডুমুর Ḍumur | Anjeer | ಅಂಜೂರ (Anjoora) | अंजीर Anjir | ଡିମିରି Dimiri | දිඹුල් Dimbul | அத்திப் பழம் (atthip palam) | అత్తి పండు (Atthi pandu) | anjeer | |||||||
| अँगूर Angoor | Grape | Vitis vinifera | আঙুৰ Angur | আঙ্গুর Anggur | Dhraksh | ದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿ (Draakshi) | മുന്തിരിങ്ങ, മുന്തിരി (Munthiringa / Munthiri) | द्राक्ष Drāksha | ଅଙ୍ଗୁର କୋଳି Anguru Koli | මිදි Midi | திராட்சை dratshai | ద్రాక్ష పండు Draksha Pandu | angoor | Drakche | ||||
| जैतून Jaitoon | Olive | Olea europaea | জলপাই/ জলফাই Zôlpai/ Zôlphai | জলপাই Jôlpai | Oleev Kaya | ଅଲିଭ୍ Olive | රට වෙරළු Rata Veralu | ஆலிவ் olive | zaitoon | |||||||||
| शहतूत Shahtoot | Mulberry | Shetur | तुती Tutee | මල්බෙරි Malberi | కంబళిపండు Kambalipandu | shehtoot | ||||||||||||
| कोकम Kokum | Purple mangosteen | Garcinia indica | তিন্দু/তিন্দুক Tindu/ Tinduk | कोकम | କୋକୁମ Kokum | මැන්ගුස් Mangus | மங்குசுத்தான் | కోకుమ్ Kokum | Kokum | Binda | ||||||||
| मोसम्बी Mosambi/ मुसम्बी Musambi | Orange, Indian green / Sweet lime | Citrus aurantifolia | নেমুটেঙা Nemutênga | লেবু Lebu | Mosambi | ಲಿಂಬೆ ಹಣ್ಣು (Limbe Hannu) | ചെറുനാരങ്ങ (Cheru Naranga / Naranga) | मोसंब Mosamba | ଲେମ୍ବୁ/କାଗେଜୀ ଲେମ୍ବୁ Lembu/ Kageji Lembu | දෙහි Dehi | எலுமிச்சை காய் elimichchai kai | బత్తాయి పండు (Baththayi pandu) | Mosami | Mosumbi | ||||
| संतरा Santara | Orange | Citrus sinensis | কমলা Kômôla | কমলা Kômla | ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ ಹಣ್ಣು (Kittale Hannu) | മധുരനാരങ്ങ (Mathura Naranga) | संत्रे Santre | କମଳା ଲେମ୍ବୁ Kamala Lembu | දොඩම් Dodam | கமலா நரந்தம் பழம் narantham pazham | కమలాపండు Kamalapandu కిచ్చిలిపండు Kichchilipandu | sangtaraa | Santra | |||||
| नारंगी Narangi | Tangerine | Citrus tangerina | মালটা Malṭa | નારંગી Naarangi | ಮೊಸಂಬಿ ಹಣ್ಣು (Mosambi Hannu) | Kandhia/ Karuna | නාරං Naaran | நரந்தம் பழம் narantham pazaham | నారింజపండు Naarinja pandu | naarangi | Mosumbi | |||||||
| चकोतरा Chakotara | Pomelo | বাতাবি লেবু | ಚಕ್ಕೋತ ಹಣ್ಣು | பப்ளிமாஸ் (bablimaas) | ప౦పర పనస Pampara panasa | popnees | Torenj | |||||||||||
| Grapefruit | জাম্বুরা Jambura | ಚಕೊತ ಹಣ್ಣು (ChakoTa Hannu) | पपनस Papanas | ବାତାପି Batapi | ජම්බෝල Jambola | దబ్బ ప౦డు Dabba pandu | sakkare kanchi | grapefruit | ||||||||||
| चीकू (Chikū) | Sapodilla | Manilkara zapota | চিকু (Siku) | সপেটা/সফেদা/সবেদা (Sôpeṭa/Sôfeda/Sôbeda) | ચિકુ (Chiku) | ಸಪೋಟ ಹಣ್ಣು / ಚಿಕ್ಕು ಹಣ್ಣು (Sapoṭa Haṇṇu/Chikku Haṇṇu) | ചിക്കു (Chikku) | चिक्कू (Chikku) | ସପୋଇତା/ସପୋଟା (Sapoitā/Sapoṭā) | ਚਿੱਕੁ (Chikku) | සැපතිල්ලා (Sāpathillā) | சப்போட்டா (Sapōṭā) | సపోటా (Sapōṭā) | ಚಿಕ್ಕು (Chikku) | (Chīku) | चीकू (Chikku) | चीकू (Chikku) | |
| Pouteria campechiana | රට ලාවලු Rata Lavalu | |||||||||||||||||
| Chrysophyllum roxburghii | ලාවලු Lavalu | |||||||||||||||||
| नाशपाती Nashpati | Pear, Asian pear | নাচপতি Naspoti | নাশপাতি Nashpati | Naspati | नासपती | ନାସପାତି Nāspati | පෙයාස් Peyas | பேரி (baerikkai) | పేరి కాయ పండు Paerik kaya pandu | naashpati / pear | ||||||||
| সান্তারা Shantara | ||||||||||||||||||
| पपीता Papeeta | Papaya | Carica papaya | অমিতা Omita | পেঁপে Pẽpe | Papaiya | ಪಪ್ಪಾಯಿ ಹಣ್ಣು / ಹತ್ಯೋಡಲ ಹಣ್ಣು (Pappayi Hannu / hatyODLa haNNU) | Karamooza | पपई Papai | ଅମୃତଭଣ୍ଡା Amruta Bhanda | පැපොල් Papol | பப்பாளி | బొప్పన పండు / బొప్పాయి పండు (Boppna Pandu / Boppayi Pandu) | gandkayi | pappeeta | Popay | |||
| तरबूज Tarbooj | Watermelon | তৰমুজ Tormuz | তরমুজ Tormuj | કલિંગર Kalingar | ಕಲ್ಲಂಗಡಿ ಹಣ್ಣು / ಕರಗುಂಜಿ ಹಣ್ಣು (Kallangadi Hannu / Karagunji Hannu) | വതയ്ക്ക, തണ്ണിമത്തന് (Vathakka/ Thanni Mathan) | कलिंगड Kalingaḍ | ତରଭୁଜ Tarabhuja | දිය කොමඩු Diya Komadu | தர்பூசணி Dharboos | పుచ్చకాయ Puchchakaya | bacchangayi | tarbooz | Kaling | ||||
| रामफल Ramphal | Custard apple | Annona reticulata | আতা Ata | Ramaphal | ರಾಮಫಲ (Ramphala) | ആത്തചക്ക (Aatha Chakka) | रामफळ Rāmphaḷ | ରାମଫଳ Ramaphala | වැලි අනෝදා /ආතා Vali Anoda/Atha | ராமா பழம் rama pazham | రామ పండు (raamaa pandu) | ramphal | ||||||
| शरीफा Shareefa/ सीताफल Sitaphal | Sugar apple / Custard apple | Annona squamosa | শরিকা Shorifa | sitafal | ಸೀತಾಫಲ (Seetaphala) | സീതപ്പഴം (Sitha Pazam) | सिताफळ Sitāphaḷ | ଆତ/ସୀତାଫଳ Ata/ Sitaphala | අනෝදා/ආතා Anoda/Atha | சீதாப்பழம் seethaa pazham | సీతా పండు (Seetha pandu) | shareefa | seetaPoL | |||||
| अनार Anaar | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | ডালিম Dalim | বেদানা/ডালিম Bedana/ Ḍalim | દાડમ Dāḍam | ಡಾಳಿಂಬ್ರಿ (DaLimbri) / ದಾಳಿಂಬೆ (Daalimbe) | डाळिंब Ḍāḷimba | ଡାଳିମ୍ବ/ବେଦନା Dalimba/ Bedana | දෙළුම් Delum | மாதுளை maadulai | దానిమ్మ ప౦డు (Dhaanimma pandu) | anaar | Dalimb | |||||
| सेब Seb | Apple | Malus domestica | আপেল Apel | আপেল Apel | સફરજન Safarjan | ಸೇಬಿನ ಹಣ್ಣು (Sebina Hannu) | ആപ്പിള് (AaPPil) | सफरचंद Sapharchand | ସେଓ Seo | ඇපල් Apal | குமளி / ஆப்பிள் / அரத்திப்பழம் | సీమ రేఁగు కాయ / పండు Seema regu kaya/Pandu | seb | Appal | ||||
| Kharbooja | Cantaloupe, musk melon | Phuti ফুটি | Teti | Kekkarikke Hannu | टरबूज/चिबूड Ṭarbooj/Chibooḍ | කොමඩු Komadu | Keerini pazham | Karbooja Pandu (కర్బూజపండు) Kasturi Karbooja Pandu (కస్తూరికర్బూజపండు) | ||||||||||
| Makkhanphal | Avocado, butter fruit | Persea americana | අලි ගැට පේර Ali Geta Pera | వెన్న ప౦డు Venna Pandu | ||||||||||||||
| Aaroo | Peach | Prunus persica | ||||||||||||||||
| Aloo-bukhaara | Plum | Prunus prunus | Jorda Alu জরদালু | Alu | अलूबुखार Alubukhar | Alpagoda pandu | ||||||||||||
| Zard-aloo | Apricot | Prunus armeniaca | Aprika আপরিকা | जर्दाळू Jardāḷoo | jaldarupandu జల్దరుపండు | |||||||||||||
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| सिंघाड़ा (Singhāṛā) | Water chestnut | Trapa natans | পানী শিঙাৰী (Pāni Xingāri) | পানিফল/শিংড়া (Pāniphôl/Shingṛa) | શિંગોડા (Shingoḍa) | ನೀರಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆಯವ (Nīralli Beḷeyava) | വെള്ളാത്തിൽ കുഷി (Veḷḷattil Kushi) | शिंगाडा (Shingāḍā) | ପାଣି ସିଙ୍ଗେଡ଼ା (Paṇi Singeṛā) | ਸਿੰਘਾੜਾ (Sinkāṛā) | () | காசா கோட்டை (Kāsā Koṭṭai) | నీరు కడువ (Nīru Kāḍuva) | (Singhāṛā) | शिंगाडा (Shingāḍā) | ꯍꯦꯏꯀꯛ/ꯍꯥꯌꯛꯔꯥꯛ (Hei-Kak/Heikrāk) | सिंघड़ा (Singhṛa) | |
| गन्ना/ईख (Gannā/Īkh) | Sugarcane | Saccharum barberi | কুহিয়াৰ (Kuhiyār) | আখ (Ākh) | શેરાડી (Sheraḍi) | ಖಬ್ಬು (Khabbu) | കരിമ്പ് (Karimbu) | ऊस (Ūs) | ପେଢ଼ୀ/ଆଖୁ (Peṛhi/Ākhu) | ਗੱਨਾ (Gannā) | උක් (Uk) | கரும்பு (Karumbu) | చెఱకు గడ/చెరుకు (Cheraku/Cheruku Gaḍa) | ಕರ್ಂಬು (Karmbu) | (Gannā) | कोबु (Kobu) | ꯆꯨ (Chu) | उखु (Ukhu) |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| शाकाहारी खाना (Shākāhāri Khānā) | (Vegetarian food) | নিৰামিষ খাদ্য (Nirāmih Khādyo) | নিরামিষ খাওয়া (Nirāmish Khāowā) | શાકાહારી આહાર (Shākāhāri Āhar) | ಬಾಡುಣಗ ಊಟ/ಶಾಕಹರಿ ಆಹಾರ (Baḍuṇaga Ūtā/ Shākāhāri Āhara) | ശകഹാര ഭക്ഷണം (Shākāhāra Bhakshaṇam) | शाकाहारी खाद्य/आहार (Shākāhāri Khādya/Āhara) | ନିରଆଇଁଷ/ନିରାମିଷ ଖାଇବା (Niraãinsa/ Nirāmisa Khāibā) | ਸ਼ਾਕਾਹਾਰੀ ਖਾਨਾ (Shākāhāri Khānā) | නිර්මාංශ ආහාර (Niramānsa Āhara) | சைவ உணவு (Saiva Uṇavu) | శాకాహార తిండి (Shākāhāra Tinḍi) | ಶಕಹರ ವನಸ್ (Shākāhāra Vanas) | () | शाकाहारी खाद्यो (Shākāhāri Khādyo) | () | शाकाहारी खाद्य (Shākāhāri Khādyo) | |
| Hindi | English | Botanical name | Assamese | Bengali | Gujarati | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Oriya | Punjabi | Sinhala | Tamil | Telugu | Tulu | Urdu | Konkani | Meitei | Nepali |
A cuisine is a style of cooking characterized by distinctive ingredients, techniques and dishes, and usually associated with a specific culture or geographic region. Regional food preparation techniques, customs, and ingredients combine to enable dishes unique to a region.
Vegetarian cuisine is based on food that meets vegetarian standards by not including meat and animal tissue products.
Indian cuisine consists of a variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent. Given the diversity in soil, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.
Asian cuisine encompasses several significant regional cooking styles of Asia: Central Asian, East Asian, North Asian, South Asian, Southeast Asian, and West Asian. Cuisine is a distinctive way of cooking practices and customs, usually associated with a specific culture. Asia, as the largest and most populous continent, is home to many cultures, each with its own characteristic cuisine. Asian cuisine, also known as Eastern cuisine, is considered the "culture of food within a society" due to the beliefs, cooking methods, and the specific ingredients used throughout the entire process. Asian cuisines are also renowned for their spices. A key taste factor in Asian cuisine is “umami” flavor, a strong savoriness prominent in Asian cooking, which can be achieved through fermented food or meat extract.
Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population. The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians. The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.
Pakistani cuisine can be characterized as a blend of regional cooking styles and flavours from across South, Central and Western Asia. Pakistani cuisine is influenced by Persian, Indian, and Arab cuisine. The cuisine of Pakistan also maintains certain Mughal influences within its recipes and cooking techniques. Pakistan's ethnic and cultural diversity, diverse climates, geographical environments, and availability of different produce lead to diverse regional cuisines.
Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America. Latin America is a highly racially, ethnically, and geographically diverse with varying cuisines. Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, empanadas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments. Sofrito, a culinary term that originally referred to a specific combination of sautéed or braised aromatics, exists in Latin American cuisine. It refers to a sauce of tomatoes, roasted bell peppers, garlic, onions and herbs. Rice, corn, pasta, bread, plantain, potato, yucca, and beans are also staples in Latin American cuisine.
Pilaf, pilav or pilau is a rice dish, usually sautéed, or in some regions, a wheat dish, whose recipe usually involves cooking in stock or broth, adding spices, and other ingredients such as vegetables or meat, and employing some technique for achieving cooked grains that do not adhere to each other.
African cuisine is a staple of the continent's culture, and its history is entwined with the story of the native people of Africa. The foods that native Africans eat have been influenced by their religions, as well as by their climates and lifestyles. The first Africans to inhabit the continent were hunter-gatherers who ate what they could find in nature. As agriculture became more common in Africa, so did agriculture-based diets.
Assamese cuisine is the cuisine of the Indian state of Assam. It is a style of cooking that is a confluence of cooking habits of the hills that favour fermentation and drying as forms of preservation and those from the plains that provide extremely wide variety of fresh vegetables and greens, and an abundance of fish and meat. Both are centred on the main ingredient — rice. It is a mixture of different indigenous styles with considerable regional variations and some external influences. The traditional way of cooking and the cuisine of Assam is very similar to South-East Asian countries such as Thailand, Burma (Myanmar) and others. The cuisine is characterized by very little use of spices, little cooking over fire, and strong flavours due mainly to the use of endemic exotic fruits and vegetables that are either fresh, dried or fermented. Fish is widely used, and birds like duck, pigeon, squab, etc. are very popular, which are often paired with a main vegetable or ingredient; beef used to be eaten before British colonialism, and some continue to do so. Preparations are rarely elaborate. The practice of bhuna, the gentle frying of spices before the addition of the main ingredients so common in Indian cooking, is absent in the cuisine of Assam. The preferred oil for cooking is the pungent mustard oil.
Rajasthani cuisine is the traditional cuisine of the Rajasthan state in north-west India. It was influenced by various factors like the warlike lifestyles of its inhabitants, the availability of ingredients in an arid region and by Hindu temple traditions of sampradayas like Pushtimarg and Ramanandi. Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred.
South Asian cuisine, includes the traditional cuisines from the modern-day South Asian republics of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, also sometimes including the kingdom of Bhutan and the emirate of Afghanistan. Also sometimes known as Desi cuisine, it has been influenced by and also has influenced other Asian cuisines beyond the Indian subcontinent.
Maharashtrian or Marathicuisine is the cuisine of the Marathi people from the Indian state of Maharashtra. It has distinctive attributes, while sharing much with other Indian cuisines. Traditionally, Maharashtrians have considered their food to be more austere than others.
India has the largest vegetarian population in the world. Vegetarianism in India dates back to ancient times, rooted in various cultural and religious traditions. Even among higher priestly castes, non-vegetarian diets may be observed. Additionally, many Indians who typically consume meat may switch to a vegetarian diet during religious festivals.
Afghan cuisine is influenced by Persian, Central Asian, and South Asian cuisines due to Afghanistan's close proximity and cultural ties. The cuisine is halal and mainly based on mutton, beef, poultry and fish with rice and Afghan bread. Accompanying these are common vegetables and dairy products, such as milk, yogurt, whey, and fresh and dried fruits such as apples, apricots, grapes, bananas, oranges, plums, pomegranates, sweet melons, and raisins. The diet of most Afghans revolves around rice-based dishes, while various forms of naan are consumed with most meals. Tea is generally consumed daily in large quantities, and is a major part of hospitality. The culinary specialties reflect the nation's ethnic and geographic diversity. The national dish of Afghanistan is Kabuli palaw, a rice dish cooked with raisins, carrots, nuts, and lamb or beef.
Hyderabadi cuisine, also known as Deccani cuisine, is the native cooking style of the Hyderabadi community. The haute cuisine of Hyderabad began to develop after the foundation of the Bahmani Sultanate, and the Qutb Shahi dynasty centered in the city of Hyderabad promoted the native cuisine along with their own. Hyderabadi cuisine had become a princely legacy of the Nizams of Hyderabad as it began to further develop under their patronage.
The global cuisine or world cuisine is a cuisine that is practiced around the world. A cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking practices and traditions, often associated with a specific region, country or culture. To become a global cuisine, a local, regional or national cuisine must spread around the world, its food served worldwide. There have been significant improvements and advances during the 20th century in food preservation, storage, shipping and production, and today many countries, cities and regions have access to their traditional cuisines and many other global cuisines.
Malaysian Indian cuisine, or the cooking of the ethnic Indian communities in Malaysia, consists of adaptations of authentic dishes from India, as well as original creations inspired by the diverse food culture of Malaysia. Because the vast majority of Malaysia's Indian community are of South Indian descent, and are mostly ethnic Tamils who are descendants of immigrants from a historical region which consists of the modern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka's Northern Province, much of Malaysian Indian cuisine is predominantly South Indian inspired in character and taste. A typical Malaysian Indian dish is likely to be redolent with curry leaves, whole and powdered spice, and contains fresh coconut in various forms. Ghee is still widely used for cooking, although vegetable oils and refined palm oils are now commonplace in home kitchens. Before a meal it is customary to wash hands as cutlery is often not used while eating, with the exception of a serving spoon for each respective dish.
