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A ship burial or boat grave is a burial in which a ship or boat is used either as the tomb for the dead and the grave goods, or as a part of the grave goods itself. If the ship is very small, it is called a boat grave. This style of burial was practiced by various seafaring cultures in Asia and Europe. Notable ship burial practices include those by the Germanic peoples, particularly by Viking Age Norsemen, as well as the pre-colonial ship burials described in the Boxer Codex in the Philippines.
Batanes is an archipelagic province in the Philippines, administratively part of the Cagayan Valley region. It is the northernmost province in the country, and also the smallest, both in population and land area. The capital is Basco, located on the island of Batan.
The Ivatan (Ibatan) language, also known as Chirin nu Ibatan, is a Philippine language of Austronesian origins spoken in the Batanes Islands of the Philippines.
The Ati-Atihan festival is a Philippine festival held annually in January in honor of the Santo Niño in several towns of the province of Aklan, Panay Island. The biggest celebration is held during the third Sunday of January in the town of Kalibo, the province’s capital. The name Ati-Atihan means "to imitate Ati", the local name of the Aeta people, the first settlers of Panay Island and other parts of the archipelago. The festivity was originally a pagan celebration to commemorate the Barter of Panay, where the Aeta accepted gifts from Bornean chieftains called Datu, who fled with their families to escape a tyrannical ruler, in exchange for being allowed to dwell in the Aeta’s lands. They celebrated with dancing and music, with the Borneans having painted their bodies with soot to show their gratefulness and camaraderie with the Aeta who had dark skin. Later on, the festivity was given a different meaning by the church by celebrating the acceptance of Christianity, as symbolized by carrying an image of the Holy Child or Infant Jesus during the procession.
The Tao people are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the tiny outlying Orchid Island of Taiwan. They have a maritime culture, with great ritual and spiritual significance placed on boat-building and fishing. Their ways of life have been threatened by the continued emigration to the mainland of Taiwan in search of jobs and education. As a result, the continuation of past traditions has been hindered. Despite being linked to both other Taiwanese indigenous peoples and Filipino populations, the Tao people remain unique in their customs and cultural practices.
Arts in the Philippines refer to all the various forms of the arts that have developed and accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present era. They reflect the range of artistic influences on the country's culture, including indigenous forms of the arts, and how these influences have honed the country's arts. These arts are divided into two distinct branches, namely, traditional arts and non-traditional arts. Each branch is further divided into various categories with subcategories.
Avang, also known as abang or pontin, is a traditional trading ship of the Ivatan people of the Philippines. It is the largest boat type among the Ivatan people and characteristically has a closed deck. It is about 14 to 18 m in length and about 5 m (16 ft) in height. It is slightly curving, with the bow and the stern higher than the central area. It has two masts made from woven mats of pandanus leaves, though these were later replaced with canvas cloth (kacha) in colonial times. It also has fifteen pairs of rowers. The avang resembles the vasinian boats of the Yami people. Avang are extinct, the last ship was dismantled in 1910.
Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) includes traditions and living expressions that are passed down from generation to generation within a particular community.
Ijangs are the terraced and defended settlements on hill tops and ridges in the Batanes Islands in the Philippines. These high rocky formations can serve as fortress or refuge against attacking enemies for the Ivatan people.
Bangka are various native watercraft of the Philippines. It originally referred to small double-outrigger dugout canoes used in rivers and shallow coastal waters, but since the 18th century, it has expanded to include larger lashed-lug ships, with or without outriggers. Though the term used is the same throughout the Philippines, "bangka" can refer to a very diverse range of boats specific to different regions. Bangka was also spelled as banca, panca, or panga in Spanish. It is also known archaically as sakayan.
Palek, also known as mineovaheng, is a traditional Filipino alcoholic drink from the Batanes Islands made from fermented sugarcane juice. It is flavored with ebony bark, which turns the drink black. It is traditionally served in a halved coconut shell and passed from one person to the next.
Falua, also spelled faluwa, is a traditional open-deck boat of the Ivatan people from the islands of Sabtang and Batan in the Philippines. It is about 8 to 12 m long and has one mast. It can also be propelled by six to ten pairs of rowers. It can carry thirty passengers and is used to ferry goods between the islands. Modern falua are generally motorized. Falua is similar in shape to the chinarem but differs in that it is usually larger and has a flat transom.
Chinedkeran is a traditional open-deck boat of the Ivatan people from the island of Itbayat in the Philippines. It is similar in size to the falua, with five to thirteen pairs of rowers and a single sail. It is characteristically wide with high strakes due to the rough seas surrounding Itbayat.
Chinarem was a traditional open-deck boat of the Ivatan people from the island of Sabtang in the Philippines. It was around 6 to 8 m long with three or four pair of rowers and a single mast. It was similar to the falua in shape, but differs in that the stern was pointed. It can carry ten passengers and was generally used to ferry goods and people between the islands of Sabtang and Batan. Chinarem is extinct, it disappeared in Sabtang Island around the 1970s.
Tataya are traditional small fishing boats, with or without outriggers of the Ivatan people in the Philippines. They are generally round-hulled and powered by rowers or sails made from woven pandanus leaves. They have several variants based on size and island of origin. The term tataya can also be used for all traditional boats in the Batanes Islands in general, similar to the term bangka in the rest of the Philippines.
Armadahan is a traditional two-masted double-outrigger fishing boat from the Laguna de Bay lake of the Philippines. They are rigged with two square spritsails.
Pandav Lila or Pandav Nritya is a ritual re-enactment of stories from the Hindu epic Mahabharata, through singing, dancing and recitation, that is practised in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. Pandavas are the five protagonists in the epic and the village amateurs take on their roles and perform the lila outdoors, accompanied by the folk instruments dhol, damau and two long trumpets called bhankore. The performances, which can last anywhere from three days to a month in different villages, draw large crowds and are an important cultural highlight of the year. The ritualistic drama features actors who often spontaneously become "possessed" by the spirits of their characters and begin to dance.
Daemokjang is a style of traditional Korean wooden architecture and a term for the woodworking artisans who create it. The word is derived from mokjang or moksu, meaning carpenter. Mokjang are artisans who deal with wood and are divided into Somokjang and Daemokjang. Somokjang make small wooden objects; Daemokjang build large wooden buildings. Daemokjang cover the entire field of woodworking and the entire construction process.
Ipanitika, also known as chinedkulan, are traditional fishing boats of the Tao people of Orchid Island, Taiwan. They are around 7.6 m (25 ft) and can carry up to 10 to 14 people. Smaller versions of the ipanitika is known as the tatara or tatala, which are around 2.3 m (7.5 ft) long and can carry at least 2 people. They were propelled by oars mounted on a row of rope-wrapped posts that are slotted into a shelf built into the hull of the boat.
References
- ↑ "Traditional Boats in Batanes". International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region (ICHCAP). UNESCO. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ↑ Gabilo, Marlu C. (2010). Traditional Boats in Batanes (PDF). ICHCAP, UNESCO.
