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Prime Minister of Malaysia Political parties UMNO (1964–2016) Contents
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Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's political views have shifted during his lengthy career. Support for "Asian values," liberal Islam and Malay nationalism have long been part of Mahathir's political ideals. He has long been a critic of the foreign policy of the United States and other Western nations. Mahathirism has had an influence over subsequent Malaysian administrations. [1]
During the 1980s, he was a supporter of Third-Worldism, while during other periods he has been a proponent of "Asian values" and globalization. [2]
Mahathir is a vocal critic of neoliberalism [2] and the Western world. [3] [4] In 2011, Mahathir suggested that the September 11 attacks might have been staged by the United States government. [5] [6] Mahathir condemned the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1997, suggesting it be revised to place greater importance on economic growth over civil liberties. [7]
A Muslim thinker, he holds Islamic political views. [2] In 2002, he characterised himself as a Islamic fundamentalist. Mahathir is generally respected in developing and Islamic countries, [4] particularly due to his oversight of Malaysia's economic growth and his support of liberal Muslim values. [8]
He has been described as anti-royalist by Libération , owing to his efforts to oppose immunity for members of Malaysia's monarchies. [9]
Mahathir has been described as a proponent of Malay nationalism. [2] In The Malay Dilemma , he argued that the Malay race had been marginalised, and voiced his support for affirmative action policies for them. [10] Upon his first resignation, he expressed his disappointment at the progress made towards his "principle task" of supporting the Malay race. [10] In 2021, Mahathir said he did not believe in " Ketuanan Melayu ", calling it a "fantasy", and said instead that he believed in "Bangsa Malaysia". [11]
Mahathir has advocated for a balance between environmental protection and natural resource use for economic growth. [12] He referred to the outcomes of the Earth Summit as "eco-imperialism", arguing that Global North countries put an undue burden on Global South countries for environmental degradation. [13] In response to international scrutiny, he said in 2019 that linking palm oil production to deforestation was "baseless, unfair and unjustified" and that the Malaysian palm oil sector had developed sustainably.[ citation needed ]
A strident critic of Israel, Mahathir has been accused of antisemitism throughout his political life. [14] [3] In The Malay Dilemma, he wrote that "Jews are not merely hook-nosed, but understand money instinctively". [15] In August 1983, Mahathir claimed in a speech that Jews control the international media. [16] In March 1994, he banned the screening of Schindler's List on the grounds that he viewed it as anti-German, pro-Jewish propaganda. [16] During the collapse of the ringgit and the economic crisis in 1997, he made a series of remarks blaming Jews, in particular George Soros, a Jewish "agenda", and "an international Jewish conspiracy" attempting to destroy the economies of Muslim countries. [16] [17] [18]
During an Organization of Islamic Cooperation summit held in Kuala Lumpur in 2003, he accused Jews of "ruling the world by proxy" and getting "others to fight and die for them". [19] [20] His speech was denounced by President George W. Bush. [21] In 2012, he claimed he was "glad to be labelled antisemitic". [22] In a 2018 BBC interview he repeated similar statements, as well as disputing the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust. [23] In 2019, when asked why he had previously claimed that Jews are "inclined towards money" he responded that he had Jewish friends, and that "they are not like the other Jews, that's why they are my friends." [24] Mahathir has defended his comments about Jews as an exercise of free speech, and by claiming that "the Jews do a lot of wrong things which force us to pass comment." [25] [26] [27]
Mahathir opposes an expansion of LGBT rights in Malaysia. [28] [29] In 2001, Mahathir said that any homosexual ministers from the United Kingdom would be barred from entering Malaysia. [30] During an October 2018 lecture to university students in Bangkok, Mahathir contrasted Malaysian values with those of Western nations and cited "the institution of marriage [and] the family" in his opposition to LGBT. [28]
In 2020, Mahathir expressed support for Joe Biden in the 2020 United States presidential election, saying that the re-election of Donald Trump would be a "disaster". [31]
Mahathir bin Mohamad is a Malaysian politician, author, and doctor who served as the fourth and seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held office from 1981 to 2003 and later from 2018 to February 2020 for a cumulative total of 24 years, making him the country's longest-serving prime minister. Before becoming premier, he served as Deputy Prime Minister and in other cabinet positions. He was a Member of Parliament for Langkawi from 2018 to 2022, Kubang Pasu from 1974 to 2004, and Kota Star Selatan from 1964 to 1969. His political career spanned more than 75 years, from joining protests opposing citizenship policies for non-Malays in the Malayan Union in the 1940s to forming the Gerakan Tanah Air coalition in 2022.
The United Malays National Organisation ; abbreviated UMNO or less commonly PEKEMBAR, is a nationalist right-wing political party in Malaysia. As the oldest national political party within Malaysia, UMNO has been known as Malaysia's "Grand Old Party".
Ketuanan Melayu is a political concept that emphasises Malay preeminence in present-day Malaysia. The Malays of Malaysia have claimed a special position and special rights owing to their longer history in the area and the fact that the present Malaysian state itself evolved from a Malay polity. The oldest political institution in Malaysia is the system of Malay rulers of the nine Malay states. The British colonial authorities transformed the system and turned it first into a system of indirect rule, then in 1948, using this culturally based institution, they incorporated the Malay monarchy into the blueprints for the independent Federation of Malaya.
The Human Rights Commission of Malaysia better known by its acronym SUHAKAM is the national human rights institution (NHRI) of Malaysia. It was established by the Malaysian Parliament under the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia Act 1999, Act 597, and began its work in April 2000. Its mandate is to promote human rights education, advise on legislation and policy, and conduct investigations.
Mahiaddin bin Md. Yasin, commonly known as Muhyiddin bin Mohd. Yassin, is a Malaysian politician who served as the eighth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2020 to 2021. Appointed as prime minister amid a political crisis, Muhyiddin served for 17 months and resigned after losing parliamentary support.
Dato' Seri Utama Mukhriz bin Tun Dr. Mahathir is a Malaysian politician and businessman served as the 11th and 13th Menteri Besar of Kedah from May 2013 to February 2016 and again from May 2018 to May 2020, Deputy Minister of International Trade and Industry in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Ministers Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and Najib Razak as well as former Minister Mustapa Mohamed from March 2008 to May 2013, Member of Parliament (MP) for Jerlun from March 2008 to May 2013 and again from May 2018 to November 2022 as well as Member of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Jitra from May 2018 to August 2023 and for Ayer Hitam from May 2013 to May 2018. He is the third son of Mahathir Mohamad, the 4th, 7th and former Prime Minister of Malaysia. He has been the 1st and founding President of the Homeland Fighters Party (PEJUANG) since party foundation in August 2020. He was the 1st and founding Deputy President and State Chairman of Kedah of the Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU) from party foundation in September 2016 to his membership termination in May 2020 and was also the State Chairman of Kedah of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. He was also a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), a component party of the BN coalition. He left UMNO with Mahathir and they founded BERSATU in 2016. Mahathir and his BERSATU memberships were terminated and they founded PEJUANG in 2020. He is one of the two Menteris Besar of Malaysia who represented two different political parties and coalitions.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Malaysia face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Sodomy is a crime in the country, with laws enforced arbitrarily. Extrajudicial murders of LGBT people have also occurred in the country. There are no Malaysian laws that protect the LGBT community against discrimination and hate crimes. As such, the LGBT demographic in the country are hard to ascertain due to widespread fears from being ostracised and prosecuted, including violence.
Anwar bin Ibrahim is a Malaysian politician who is the 10th and current Prime Minister of Malaysia since 2022. He served as the 12th and 16th Leader of the Opposition from 2008 to 2015, and again from 2020 to 2022. He has been the chairman of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition since 2020, the second President of the People's Justice Party (PKR) since 2018 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tambun since November 2022. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister and in many other Cabinet positions in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from 1982 to his removal in 1998.
Mujahid bin Yusof Rawa, is a Malaysian politician who has served as Senator since May 2023. He served as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Religious Affairs in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020 as well as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Parit Buntar from March 2008 to November 2022. He is a member of the National Trust Party (AMANAH), a component party of the PH coalition and was a member of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), a former component party of the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition. He has also served as the 2nd Deputy President of AMANAH since December 2023 and State Chairman of PH of Perak since June 2021.
Israel–Malaysia relations refers to the commercial and cultural ties between Israel and Malaysia. The two countries currently maintain no formal diplomatic relations. Although Malaysia officially maintains an outwardly hostile position towards Israel, commercial relations between the two countries do exist, albeit very limited. Malaysian passports bear the inscription: "This passport is valid for all countries except Israel". Israeli Passport holders are forbidden to enter Malaysia without written permission from the Malaysian Ministry of Home Affairs. The recognition of Israel is a politically delicate issue for the Malaysian government.
Datuk Seri Shamsul Iskandar @ Yusre bin Mohd Akin is a Malaysian politician who has served as Senior Political Secretary to Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim since December 2022. He served as the Deputy Minister of Primary Industries in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and former Minister Teresa Kok Suh Sim from July 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hang Tuah Jaya from May 2018 to November 2022 and for Bukit Katil from May 2013 to May 2018. He is a member and was Information Chief, Spokesperson as well as Vice-President of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH coalition.
2018 in Malaysia is Malaysia's 61st anniversary of its independence and 55th anniversary of Malaysia's formation.
The Malaysian United Indigenous Party, abbreviated BERSATU or PPBM, is a nationalist political party in Malaysia. The party was preceded by the United Indigenous Association of Malaysia and founded by members of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) rebel group Gabungan Ketua Cawangan Malaysia. It is a major component of the Perikatan Nasional coalition.
Maszlee bin Malik is a Malaysian politician who served as the Chairman of the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS) since March 2023. He served as the Minister of Education in the Pakatan Harapan (PH) administration under former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to his resignation in January 2020, 7th President of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) from September 2018 to his resignation in November 2018 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Simpang Renggam from May 2018 to November 2022. He is a member and Division Chief of Simpang Renggam of the People's Justice Party (PKR), a component party of the PH coalition, and professor at the psychology and social sciences faculty at the University of Cyberjaya. He was an independent politician, and Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU), then a component party of the PH coalition, as well as a lecturer at the IIUM.
Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia is a nationalist political party in Malaysia. The party was founded and led by Ibrahim Ali.
Azhar bin Azizan Harun, also known as Art Harun, is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who served as the 10th Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat from July 2020 to December 2022 and the 9th Chairman of the Election Commission (EC) from September 2018 to his resignation in June 2020.
Events in the year 2022 in Malaysia.
Najib Razak is the 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia, the son of former 2nd prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein. One of the most controversial leaders of the 21st century, his period of rule was marked by corruption, an extravagant lifestyle, and crackdown on free speech.
Mahathir Mohamad's second term as the Prime Minister of Malaysia, which lasted from 2018 to 2020, was marked by several significant developments and events. Having previously led the country from 1981 to 2003, Mahathir came out of retirement in response to the 1MDB scandal. He led the opposition Pakatan Harapan coalition to victory in the 2018 general election, defeating Barisan Nasional and prime minister Najib Razak.