Richard Zare

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Richard Zare
Richard Zare (cropped).jpg
Born
Richard Neil Zare

(1939-11-19) November 19, 1939 (age 83)
Cleveland, Ohio, United States [1]
Alma mater Harvard University B.A (1961) Ph.D (1964)
SpouseSusan Shively Zare
Scientific career
Fields Chemist
Institutions Columbia University
Stanford University
Thesis Molecular fluorescence and photodissociation  (1964)
Doctoral advisor Dudley Herschbach [2]
Doctoral students
Other notable students Andrew Orr-Ewing (postdoc) [5]
Shuming Nie (postdoc)
Ludger Wöste (postdoc)
Website web.stanford.edu/group/Zarelab/about.html

Richard Neil Zare (born November 19, 1939, in Cleveland, Ohio) is the Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor in Natural Science and a Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University. [6] Throughout his career, Zare has made a considerable impact in physical chemistry and analytical chemistry, particularly through the development of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and the study of chemical reactions at the molecular and nanoscale level. [7] LIF is an extremely sensitive technique with applications ranging from analytical chemistry and molecular biology to astrophysics. [8] One of its applications was the sequencing of the human genome. [9]

Contents

Zare is known for his enthusiasm for science and his exploration of new areas of research. [2] He has mentored over 150 PhD students and postdoctoral researchers, of whom more than 49 are women or members of minorities. [6] Zare is a strong advocate for women in science, [10] and a fellow of the Association for Women in Science (AWIS) as of 2008. [2]

Education

Zare earned his BA in chemistry and physics in 1961 and his PhD in 1964 in physical and analytical chemistry at Harvard University. As an undergraduate he worked with William Klemperer. [2] Zare moved to the University of California, Berkeley to do PhD work with Dudley Herschbach, then returned 2 years later when Herschbach accepted a position at Harvard. Zare completed his PhD thesis, a theoretical analysis of Molecular fluorescence and photodissociation, [11] with Herschbach at Harvard in 1964. [2]

Career

Zare joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an assistant professor in 1965. From 1966 to 1969, he was jointly appointed in the departments of chemistry, physics and astrophysics at JILA at the University of Colorado Boulder. In 1969 he became a full professor in the department of chemistry at Columbia University. [12] [13] He was named the Higgins Professor of Natural Science at Columbia in 1975. [8]

In 1977 Zare accepted a position as a full professor of chemistry at Stanford University, becoming the Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor in Natural Science in 1987. He served as chair of the chemistry department from 2005 to 2011. [1]

Zare served on the National Science Board (NSB) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) from 1990 to 1996, and was the board's chair from 1994 to 1996. [2] He was a founding co-editor of the Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry from 2008–2012. [14] [15] He is a member of the editorial advisory boards of other scientific publications, among them Chemistry World , Angewandte Chemie , Central European Journal of Chemistry , Journal of Separation Sciences and the Chinese Journal of Chromatography. [16] [7] Zare served on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2014 to 2016. He is chairman of the board of directors at Annual Reviews, Inc., and serves on the board of directors of The Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. [8]

Research

Zare discusses his contributions to chemistry and molecular spectroscopy.

Zare is well known for his research in laser chemistry, particularly the development of laser-induced fluorescence, which he has used to study reaction dynamics and analytical detection methods. [2] His research on the spectroscopy of chemical compounds suggested a new mechanism for energy transference in inelastic collisions. [17] [18] [19] He and his students have developed tools and techniques to examine chemical reactions at the molecular and nanoscale levels. They have explored a wide-ranging variety of problems in physical chemistry and chemical analysis including examination of heterogeneous structures in mineral samples, the contents of cells and subcellular compartments, and the chemical analysis of liquid samples. [1]

Early in his career, the question of whether laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) could be used to study aflatoxins spurred Zare to adapt LIF for use on liquids. Work with postdoc Gerald Diebold resulted in the first use of LIF for detection in chemical analysis. [2] [20] [21] This opened up the potential for a wide variety of fluid applications, [2] including the detection of single molecules in liquids at room-temperature [22] and detection methods for capillary electrophoresis. [23] Zare and his coworkers have combined CCD imaging with LIF detection to detect amol and zeptamole amounts of FITC-labelled amino acids. [24] Zare and his students have also developed cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) for quantitative diagnosis, [25] and for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [26] Zare is also involved in the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) techniques, which are being used for mass spectrometric imaging of lipids, metabolites and proteins in tissue samples, including prostate cancer. [27] [28] [29]

"I'm right now very excited about mass spectrometry, still excited about lasers, all types of [analytical techniques], but to me, they're tools. They're not ends in themselves... With new tools and measurement techniques, you can make advances in all types of fundamental problems." Richard Zare [7]

Zare has also worked with NASA and others on astrobiology. [30] [31] He is one of the co-authors of a paper that appeared in Science in 1996, raising the possibility that a meteorite from Mars, ALH84001, contained traces of Martian life. [32] Zare used two-step laser mass spectrometry (L2MS), a technique that is particularly sensitive to organic molecules, to examine samples from the interior of the meteorite. [2] He found that the 4.5-billion-year-old Martian meteorite, discovered in Antarctica, contained polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This lead researchers to speculate on the presence of fossilized remains from Mars. [32] Other researchers questioned this interpretation, suggesting that the sample might have been contaminated after its arrival on Earth. Considerable controversy resulted, [33] [34] which Zare felt disrupted his ongoing laboratory research. [35] Zare has also worked with NASA on examinations of organic materials obtained from Comet 81P/Wild by the Stardust Spacecraft. [36]

Publications

Zare has published several books, including a widely used textbook on the topic of angular momentum in quantum systems that is considered a classic for its explanations of angular momentum algebra and the fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy. [2] He is an author or co-author of more than 1,000 peer-reviewed papers. [37]

Selected publications

Books

Awards, honors and fellowships

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References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Arnaud, Celia Henry (March 22, 2010). "Bubbling With Enthusiasm". Chemical & Engineering News. 88 (12): 14–18. doi:10.1021/cen-v088n012.p014 . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  3. ↑ Cromie, William J. (May 19, 2005). "It's a small, small world for Hongkun Park". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  4. ↑ "News Release". Stanford News. December 5, 1991. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  5. ↑ Orr-Ewing, A J; Zare, R N (1994). "Orientation and Alignment of Reaction Products". Annual Review of Physical Chemistry. 45 (1): 315–366. Bibcode:1994ARPC...45..315O. doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.45.100194.001531. ISSN   0066-426X. S2CID   29421274.
  6. 1 2 "Richard Zare – Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor in Natural Science; Professor of Chemistry". Presidential Awards for Excellence in Science, Mathematics & Engineering Mentoring. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  7. 1 2 3 Mukhopadhyay, Rajendrani (November 2007). "A quest for fun" (PDF). Analytical Chemistry. 79 (21): 7945–7947. doi: 10.1021/ac071983m . PMID   18044020 . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 "Professor Richard Zare Winner of the 2011 KFIP Prize for Science". King Faisal International Prize. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  9. 1 2 Arnaud, Celia (June 15, 2009). "Zare is 2010 Priestley Medalist". Chemical & Engineering News. 87 (24): 5. doi:10.1021/cen-v087n024.p005.
  10. ↑ Zare, Richard N. (May 15, 2006). "Sex, Lies, and Title IX Federal law banning sex discrimination in schools may do as much for academics as it has for athletics". Chemical & Engineering News. 84 (20): 46–49. doi:10.1021/cen-v084n020.p046 . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
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  14. ↑ Yeung, Edward S.; Zare, Richard N. (June 13, 2008). "Preface". Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. 1 (1). doi:10.1146/annurev.ac.061308.100001 . Retrieved September 8, 2021.
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  17. ↑ Bergeron, Louis (July 3, 2008). "Results of research on atomic collisions fly in the face of conventional wisdom". Stanford News. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  18. ↑ "Radicals shake up molecules in a tug o' war". (e) Science News. July 3, 2008.
  19. ↑ Greaves, Stuart J.; Wrede, Eckart; Goldberg, Noah T.; Zhang, Jianyang; Miller, Daniel J.; Zare, Richard N. (July 3, 2008). "Vibrational excitation through tug-of-war inelastic collisions". Nature. 454 (7200): 88–91. Bibcode:2008Natur.454...88G. doi:10.1038/nature07079. PMID   18596807. S2CID   205213863.
  20. ↑ Hieftje, Gary M.; Travis, John C.; Lytle, Fred E. (1981). Lasers in Chemical Analysis. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 277. ISBN   978-1-4612-6009-7.
  21. ↑ Diebold, G.; Zare, R. (June 24, 1977). "Laser fluorimetry: subpicogram detection of aflatoxins using high-pressure liquid chromatography". Science. 196 (4297): 1439–1441. Bibcode:1977Sci...196.1439D. doi:10.1126/science.867038. PMID   867038. S2CID   33734681.
  22. ↑ Nie, S; Chiu, DT; Zare, RN (November 11, 1994). "Probing individual molecules with confocal fluorescence microscopy". Science. 266 (5187): 1018–21. Bibcode:1994Sci...266.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.7973650. PMID   7973650.
  23. ↑ Cazes, Jack (2005). Encyclopedia of chromatography (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor & Francis. p. 519. ISBN   978-0-8247-2787-1 . Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  24. ↑ Landers, James P. (1997). Handbook of capillary electrophoresis (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 401. ISBN   978-0-8493-2498-7.
  25. ↑ Zalicki, Piotr; Zare, Richard N. (February 15, 1995). "Cavity ring‐down spectroscopy for quantitative absorption measurements". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 102 (7): 2708–2717. Bibcode:1995JChPh.102.2708Z. doi:10.1063/1.468647. S2CID   12880938.
  26. ↑ Snyder, KL; Zare, RN (July 1, 2003). "Cavity ring-down spectroscopy as a detector for liquid chromatography". Analytical Chemistry. 75 (13): 3086–91. doi:10.1021/ac0340152. PMID   12964755. S2CID   13068370.
  27. ↑ Comi, Troy J.; Ryu, Seung Woo; Perry, Richard H. (January 19, 2016). "Synchronized Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging". Analytical Chemistry. 88 (2): 1169–1175. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03010. PMID   26569449.
  28. ↑ Hsu, Cheng-Chih; Chou, Pi-Tai; Zare, Richard N. (November 17, 2015). "Imaging of Proteins in Tissue Samples Using Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry. 87 (22): 11171–11175. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03389. PMID   26509582. S2CID   206502281.
  29. ↑ Banerjee, Shibdas; Zare, Richard N.; Tibshirani, Robert J.; Kunder, Christian A.; Nolley, Rosalie; Fan, Richard; Brooks, James D.; Sonn, Geoffrey A. (March 28, 2017). "Diagnosis of prostate cancer by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric imaging of small metabolites and lipids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (13): 3334–3339. Bibcode:2017PNAS..114.3334B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700677114 . PMC   5380053 . PMID   28292895.
  30. ↑ "Richard Zare". NASA Astrobiology Institute. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  31. ↑ Lane, Neal F. (August 8, 1996). "Introducing Dr. Richard Zare's Lecture: Life On Mars". National Science Foundation (US).
  32. 1 2 McKay, D. S.; Gibson, E. K.; Thomas-Keprta, K. L.; Vali, H.; Romanek, C. S.; Clemett, S. J.; Chillier, X. D. F.; Maechling, C. R.; Zare, R. N.; et al. (1996). "Search for past life on Mars: Possible relic biogenic activity in Martian meteorite ALH84001". Science. 273 (5277): 924–930. Bibcode:1996Sci...273..924M. doi:10.1126/science.273.5277.924. PMID   8688069. S2CID   40690489.
  33. ↑ Markley, Robert (2005). Dying planet : Mars in science and the imagination. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 325–326. ISBN   978-0-8223-3638-9.
  34. ↑ Foust, Jeff (November 20, 2006). "Review: The Rock from Mars". The Space Review.
  35. ↑ Sawyer, Kathy (2006). The rock from Mars : a detective story on two planets (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN   978-1-4000-6010-8.
  36. ↑ Sandford, S. A.; Aleon, J.; Alexander, C. M. OD.; Araki, T.; Bajt, S.; Baratta, G. A.; Borg, J.; Bradley, J. P.; Brownlee, D. E.; Brucato, J. R.; Burchell, M. J.; Busemann, H.; Butterworth, A.; Clemett, S. J.; Cody, G.; Colangeli, L.; Cooper, G.; D'Hendecourt, L.; Djouadi, Z.; Dworkin, J. P.; Ferrini, G.; Fleckenstein, H.; Flynn, G. J.; Franchi, I. A.; Fries, M.; Gilles, M. K.; Glavin, D. P.; Gounelle, M.; Grossemy, F.; Jacobsen, C.; Keller, L. P.; Kilcoyne, A. L. D.; Leitner, J.; Matrajt, G.; Meibom, A.; Mennella, V.; Mostefaoui, S.; Nittler, L. R.; Palumbo, M. E.; Papanastassiou, D. A.; Robert, F.; Rotundi, A.; Snead, C. J.; Spencer, M. K.; Stadermann, F. J.; Steele, A.; Stephan, T.; Tsou, P.; Tyliszczak, T.; Westphal, A. J.; Wirick, S.; Wopenka, B.; Yabuta, H.; Zare, R. N.; Zolensky, M. E. (December 15, 2006). "Organics Captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft" (PDF). Science. 314 (5806): 1720–1724. Bibcode:2006Sci...314.1720S. doi:10.1126/science.1135841. PMID   17170291. S2CID   2727481 . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
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  40. ↑ Wright, Judith (1999). Vision, venture, and volunteers : 50 years of history of the Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy. Philadelphia, Pa.: Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 94. ISBN   978-0-941901-19-2 . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  41. ↑ "Awards: Richard Zare receives Kirkwood Award". Chemical & Engineering News. 65 (9): 42–59. March 2, 1987. doi: 10.1021/cen-v065n009.p042 .
  42. 1 2 Sleeman, Elizabeth (2003). The international who's who 2004 (67th ed.). London: Europa. p. 1868. ISBN   978-1-85743-217-6 . Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  43. ↑ "NAS Award in Chemical Sciences". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
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  45. 1 2 "Zare named 2003 Hoagland Prize winner". Stanford Report. September 24, 2003. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
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  47. ↑ "ACS Award in Analytical Chemistry". American Chemical Society. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  48. ↑ "E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy". American Chemical Society. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  49. ↑ "Honorary Doctors of the Faculty of Science and Technology". Uppsala University. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  50. ↑ "Nobel Laureate Signature Award for Graduate Education in Chemistry". American Chemical Society. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
  51. ↑ Borman, Stu (April 3, 2000). "Parsons Award Goes To Zare". Chemical & Engineering News. 78 (14): 14. doi:10.1021/cen-v078n014.p014a.
  52. ↑ "Welcome to NESACS – Awards | James Flack Norris Award Recipients".
  53. ↑ Shwartz, Mark (January 27, 2005). "2005 Wolf Prize given to chemist Richard N. Zare". Stanford Report. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  54. ↑ Shwartz, Mark (April 4, 2006). "Richard Zare named Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor". Bio-Medicine. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  55. ↑ "Our Scientists: Richard N. Zare, PhD HHMI Professor / 2006–Present". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Retrieved March 28, 2017.
  56. ↑ "2011 King Faisal International Prize for Science awarded jointly to Whitesides and Zare". Physics Today. June 15, 2011. doi:10.1063/PT.4.0356.
  57. ↑ "Othmer Gold Medal". Science History Institute. May 31, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
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