Timeline of Vienna

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Vienna , Austria.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Prior to 19th century

• c. 100 – Vindobona settled. ^[1]
• 180 – Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius dies in Vindobona.
• 740 - Church of St Ruprecht, the oldest church in Vienna, first built. ^[2]
• 881 – The Bavarians had their first clash at Wenia with the Hungarians (first mention of Vienna).
• 1030 – The Hungarians besiege Vienna.
• 1155
  • Henry II, Duke of Austria appoints Vienna as capital city^{[ clarification needed ]}. ^[3]
  • Schottenstift founded.
• 1160 – St. Stephen's Cathedral built.
• 1221 – Vienna receives rights as staple port.
• 1237 – Vienna received a charter of freedom from Frederick II., confirmed in 1247. ^[2]
• 1251 – Ottokar II of Bohemia in power.
• 1276 – Foundation stone for the Minorites Church laid by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. ^[4]
• 1278 – City charter granted. ^[5]
• 1280 – Jans der Enikel writes the Fürstenbuch, a first history of the city.
• 1349 – Augustinian Church consecrated.
• 1365 – University of Vienna founded. ^[2]
• 1421 – Jews expelled.
• 1482 – Johann Winterburger sets up printing press (approximate date). ^[6]
• 1485
  • Siege of Vienna by Kingdom of Hungary, city passed to Hungary.
  • Royal Court of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary relocated to Vienna (known as Bécs in Hungarian).
• 1515 – First Congress of Vienna.
• 1529 – Siege of Vienna by Turks.
• 1556 – Vienna becomes seat of Holy Roman Empire under Ferdinand I.
• 1598 – Donaukanal regulated.
• 1602 – Melchior Klesl becomes Bishop of Vienna.
• 1643 – Schönbrunn Palace built.
• 1668 – July: premiere of Cesti's opera Il pomo d'oro . ^[7]
• 1678 – Palais Modena completed.
• 1679 – Great Plague of Vienna.

Battle of Vienna in 1683

• 1683 – Battle of Vienna. ^[8]
• 1684 – Kollschitzky coffeehouse in business. ^[9]
• 1692 – Academy of Fine Arts Vienna founded.
• 1702 – Palais Strozzi completed.
• 1703 – Palais Liechtenstein built. ^[10]
• 1704 – Linienwall fortification built.
• 1709 – Theater am Kärntnertor built.
• 1712 – Palais Trautson completed.
• 1713 – Plague epidemic.
• 1716 – Palais Kinsky completed. ^[11]
• 1718 – Vienna Porcelain Manufactory founded. ^[12]
• 1724 – Population: 150,000.
• 1735 – Winter Riding School built.
• 1741 – Burgtheater opens. ^[13]
• 1752 ^[14] or 1765 ^[15] – Schönbrunn Zoo opens.

Dominican Church between 1758 and 1761 (painting by Bernardo Bellotto)

• 1762 – Premiere of Gluck's opera Orfeo ed Euridice . ^[16]
• 1765 – Artaria publishing firm founded.
• 1766 – Prater opens.
• 1770 – Chess-playing Mechanical Turk introduced at Schönbrunn Palace.
• 1772 – Freyung Christmas market begins.
• 1781 – Mozart arrives to Vienna from Salzburg.
• 1786
  • Demel confectionery and Gesellschaft der Associierten founded.
  • 1 May: premiere of Mozart's opera The Marriage of Figaro .
• 1790 – Population: 200,000.
• 1791 – 30 September: premiere of Mozart's The Magic Flute . Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies.
• 1792 – Schweighofer piano manufactury established. Beethoven arrives to Vienna from Bonn.
• 1797 - 31 January: Franz Schubert is born in Alsergrund
• 1800 – 2 April: premiere of Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 .

19th century

• 1802 – Palais Erdődy commissioned.
• 1805
  • 23 May: premiere of Beethoven's opera Fidelio . ^[16]
  • 13 November: Napoleon takes city.
• 1807 – Czartoryski Palace built.
• 1808 – 22 December: premiere of Beethoven's Fifth and Sixth Symphonies, Choral Fantasy, and Piano Concerto No. 4 at the Theater an der Wien.
• 1809 – Battle of Aspern-Essling. Joseph Haydn dies.
• 1814
  • Congress of Vienna.
  • C.F. Peters music publisher in business. ^[17]
• 1824 – 7 May: premiere of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 .
• 1827 – 27 March: Ludwig van Beethoven dies.
• 1828 – 19 November: Franz Peter Schubert dies.
• 1829 – Leopoldine Society formed.
• 1832 – Sachertorte invented.
• 1840 – Population: 231,050. ^[2]
• 1842
  • Austrian Southern Railway begins.
  • Philharmonische Academie formed.
• 1847 – Austrian Academy of Sciences established.

Vienna Uprising in 1848

• 1848 – Vienna Uprising. ^[18]
• 1850
  • City expanded beyond Innere Stadt.
  • Population: 551,300.
• 1858 – Vienna Ring Road constructed.
• 1860/1864 – the fine and lofty tower of the Cathedral of St Stephen rebuilt. ^[2]
• 1864
  • Palais Todesco completed.
  • Neue Freie Presse newspaper begins publication.
• 1867 – Palais Toskana built.
• 1869
  • Vienna State Opera house built.
  • Population: 842,951. ^[2]
• 1870
  • Works started to regulate the Danube to make it safe for navigation. ^[2]
  • Musikverein inaugurated.
• 1873
  • World exposition held. ^[19]
  • Café Landtmann and Hotel Imperial in business.
• 1874
  • Palais Chotek completed.
  • Premiere of Strauss's opera Die Fledermaus. ^[20]
• 1875 – Danube levees constructed.
• 1876
  • Academy of Fine Arts building erected. ^[21]
  • Hotel Sacher established.
  • Café Central in business.
• 1878 – Palais Nathaniel Rothschild built.
• 1879 – Geological Survey of Austria formed.
• 1880
  • Café Sperl in business.
  • Population: 1,090,119. ^[2]
• 1881 – Palace of Justice, Vienna built.
• 1882 – Palmenhaus Schönbrunn (greenhouse) opens.
• 1883 – Completion of the Vienna City Hall, an immense Gothic building. ^[2]
• 1884 – Palais Albert Rothschild built.
• 1885 – Goldscheider Manufactory and Majolica Factory and Alpinen Gesellschaft Edelraute (hiking club) ^[22] established.
• 1886 – Hermesvilla built. ^[23]
• 1887 – Historical Museum of the City of Vienna established.
• 1889 – Vienna City Archives  [ de ] active. ^[24]

Late-19th-century view of the city

• 1890 – City expanded; population: 1,364,548. ^[2]
• 1891 – Kunsthistorisches Museum (art museum) opens.
• 1892 – City hosts the 1892 European Figure Skating Championships.
• 1894
  • January: city hosts the 1894 European Figure Skating Championships.
  • Palais Rothschild (Prinz-Eugen-Straße) built. ^[25]
• 1895 – Palais Lanckoroński completed.
• 1897
  • Wiener Riesenrad erected.
  • April: Vienna Secession art group founded. ^[26]
• 1898
  • Vienna Stadtbahn begins.
  • Secession Building constructed. ^[27]
  • City hosts the 1898 ICA Track Cycling World Championships.
• 1899
  • 4 November: Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams published.
  • Die Fackel  [ de ] magazine begins publication. ^[28]
• 1900 – Population: 1,769,137.

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901 – Universal Edition in business. ^[17]
• 1902
  • Freudenau harbor constructed.
  • Franciszek Trześniewski opens restaurant.
• 1903
  • Kuchelau harbor constructed.
  • Wiener Werkstätte art group founded. ^[28]
• 1904
  • Floridsdorf district added. ^[29]
  • Café Korb  [ de ] in business.
• 1907 – City hosts the 1907 World Figure Skating Championships.
• 1908 – Vienna Psychoanalytic Society active.
• 1910 – Population: 2,031,000.
• 1912 – Aspern Airfield opens.
• 1913 ^[30]
  • 23 February: premiere of Schoenberg's Gurre-Lieder . ^[31]
  • Richard Weiskirchner  [ de ] becomes mayor.
• 1915 – April: Conference of Central European Socialist Parties held in Vienna.

Palais Modena in 1916

• 1916 – 30 November: funeral of Franz Joseph I of Austria.
• 1918 – Red Vienna begins.
• 1919
  • Lainzer Tiergarten opens.
  • Jakob Reumann becomes mayor.
• 1920
  • Austrian National Library established.
  • Hungarian Historical Institute in Vienna founded. ^[32]
• 1921
  • The Geistkreis seminar begins.
  • Österreichische Bundesgärten  [ de ] (garden) established. ^[33]
  • International Working Union of Socialist Parties founded in Vienna. ^[34]
• 1923
  • Karl Seitz becomes mayor. ^[5]
  • Phaidon Press founded.
• 1924 – Collegium Hungaricum Vienna founded. ^[32]
• 1925 – Kolosseum  [ de ] (cinema) opens. ^[35]
• 1929 – Austrian Bridge Federation founded.
• 1931 – Ernst-Happel-Stadion built.
• 1934 – Richard Schmitz becomes mayor.

Anschluss in 1938

• 1938
  • Anschluss.
  • Hermann Neubacher becomes mayor.
  • City expands.
• 1940 – Philipp Wilhelm Jung becomes mayor.
• 1941 – Kehal Adas Yereim Vien established.
• 1942 – Bombing begins.
• 1943
  • 30 August: Vienna-Schwechat (Heidfeld) subcamp of the Mauthausen concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Polish, Soviet, Italian and Spanish. ^[36]
  • 30 December: Hanns Blaschke becomes mayor.
• 1944
  • Vienna-Schwechat ('Santa') subcamp of Mauthausen established. ^[36]
  • 13 July: Vienna-Schwechat (Heidfeld) subcamp dissolved, ^[36] Vienna-Floridsdorf subcamp of Mauthausen established. Prisoners moved from Schwechat (Heidfeld) to Floridsdorf. ^[36]
  • 20 August: Vienna-Saurerwerke subcamp of Mauthausen established. Its prisoners were mostly Poles and Soviet citizens. ^[36]
  • September: Vienna-Hinterbrühl subcamp of Mauthausen established. Its prisoners were mostly Polish, Soviet and Italian. ^[36]
  • 28 September: Vienna-Schönbrunn subcamp of Mauthausen established. ^[36]
• 1945
  • Vienna Offensive.
  • 31 March: Vienna-Schwechat ('Santa') subcamp dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Hinterbrühl subcamp. ^[36]
  • 1 April: Floridsdorf, Hinterbrühl and Schönbrunn subcamps dissolved. Prisoners are evacuated by the SS in death marches to the Steyr-Münichholz subcamp and main Mauthausen camp. ^[36] Massacre of 52 Hinterbrühl prisoners, who were unable to walk. ^[36]
  • 2 April: Vienna-Saurerwerke subcamp dissolved. Prisoners are evacuated by the SS in a death march to the Steyr-Münichholz subcamp, except for ill prisoners who are left behind. ^[36]
  • Allied-occupied city.
  • Rudolf Prikryl becomes mayor, succeeded by Theodor Körner.
  • Soviet War Memorial installed.
• 1948 – Italian Cultural Institute in Vienna founded. ^[37]

1950s–1990s

• 1951
  • March: city hosts the 1951 World Table Tennis Championships.
  • Franz Jonas becomes mayor.
• 1952 – City hosts the 1952 European Figure Skating Championships.
• 1954
  • Vienna International Airport opens.
  • Flood.
• 1955 – City hosts the 1955 World Figure Skating Championships.
• 1957
  • February: city hosts the 1957 European Figure Skating Championships.
  • International Atomic Energy Agency headquartered in Vienna.
• 1958 – Freudenauer Harbour Bridge  [ de ] built.

Vienna in 1959

• 1959
  • Vienna Museum opens.
  • City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.
• 1960 – Österreichische Mediathek (sound archive) headquartered in city. ^[38]
• 1961 – Vienna summit of USA and USSR.
• 1962 – Vienna S-Bahn begins.
• 1964 – Österreichisches Filmmuseum established. ^[38]
• 1965 – Bruno Marek becomes mayor.
• 1967
  • February–March: city hosts the 1967 World Figure Skating Championships.
  • March: city hosts the 1967 Ice Hockey World Championships.
• 1968 – Austrian Science Fund formed.
• 1969 – OPEC Headquarter moves from Geneva, Switzerland to Vienna.
• 1970 – Felix Slavik becomes mayor.
• 1971 – City hosts the 1971 World Fencing Championships.
• 1973 – Leopold Gratz becomes mayor.
• 1974 – Polish Institute in Vienna founded. ^[39]

Reichsbrücke collapse in 1976

• 1976
  • 8 May: Vienna U-Bahn opens.
  • 1 August: Reichsbrücke collapse.
• 1977 – City hosts the 1977 Ice Hockey World Championships.
• 1979
  • March: city hosts the 1979 World Figure Skating Championships.
  • Vienna Islamic Centre and UNO City built.
• 1983
  • July: city hosts the 1983 World Fencing Championships.
  • Donauinselfest begins.
• 1984 – Helmut Zilk becomes mayor.
• 1985
  • Airport attack.
  • Institute of Technology Assessment founded.
• 1988
  • New Danube channel constructed.
  • ImPulsTanz Vienna International Dance Festival begins.
• 1990 – Museum in Progress created.
• 1991 – City hosts the 1991 World Rowing Championships.
• 1992 – The biggest AIDS charity event in Europe, the Life Ball begins.
• 1993 – World Conference on Human Rights held.
• 1994
  • Czech Centre in Vienna founded. ^[40]
  • Michael Häupl becomes mayor. ^[41]
• 1995 – Secretariat for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe established.
• 1996 – City hosts the 1996 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships.
• 1998 – Andromeda-Tower  [ de ] built.
• 1999 – Millennium Tower built.
• 2000
  • City website online (approximate date). ^{[42] [ chronology citation needed ]}
  • Mischek Tower built.

21st century

• 2001 – IZD Tower and Ares Tower built.
• 2003 – Lighthouse Wien founded.
• 2004 – Saturn Tower  [ de ] built.
• 2005 – City co-hosts the 2005 IIHF World Championship.
• 2007 – EU Fundamental Rights Agency established.
• 2008
  • World Institute for Nuclear Security headquartered in city.
  • UEFA European Football Championship held.
• 2010 – Wiener Staatsballet formed.
• 2011
  • Smart City Wien begins. ^[43]
  • Funeral of Otto von Habsburg.
• 2014 – Population: 1,797,337. ^[44]
• 2020 – The Vienna attack occurs.

See also

• History of Vienna
• History of the Jews in Vienna
• List of mayors of Vienna
• Years in Austria
• Timelines of other cities in Austria: Graz, Linz, Salzburg

References

1. Móscy, András (1974). Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. London; Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 88. ISBN   978-1-315-79767-0.
2. Britannica 1910.
3. Csendes 1999.
4. "La storia della Minoritenkirche" (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2022.
5. Paula Sutter Fichtner (2009). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Austria. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6310-1.
6. Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Wien". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
7. Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-79273-8.
8. "Austria". Political Chronology of Europe. Europa Publications. 2003. pp. 11–15. ISBN   978-1-135-35687-3.
9. Bradshaw 1867.
10. English Guide to the Princes Liechtenstein's Gallery, Vienna, Wien: W.J. Knoch, 1910, OL   7089970M
11. "Palais Daun-Kinsky". Palais Events. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
12. Daniela Tarabra (2008). "Chronology". European Art of the Eighteenth Century. Getty Publications. ISBN   978-0-89236-921-8.
13. William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6489-4.
14. "Geschichte – Tiergarten Schönbrunn" [History of Schönbrunn Zoo]. www.zoovienna.at (in German). Retrieved 2022-12-19.
15. Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN   0824209583.
16. Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
17. Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music . Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-0-521-11173-7. Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
18. Eric Roman (2003). "Chronologies: Austro-Hungarian Empire 1522-1918". Austria-Hungary & the Successor States: A Reference Guide. Facts on File. ISBN   978-0-8160-7469-3.
19. Stamper 2004.
20. "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 30 March 2015
21. David Charles Preyer (1911), The Art of the Vienna Galleries, Boston: L.C. Page & Company, OL   23279063M
22. A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal (177). UK. hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
23. "Hermesvilla" Wien Museum. Archived 2011-06-13 at the Wayback Machine Web site, accessed 2 April 2010]
24. Municipal and Provincial Archives of Vienna, Vienna City Administration, retrieved 30 September 2015
25. "History of the Rothschild Palais". Jüdisches Museum Frankfurt. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
26. Heller, Reinhold (March 1977). "Recent Scholarship on Vienna's "Golden Age," Gustav Klimt, and Egon Schiele" . The Art Bulletin. 59 (1): 111–118. doi:10.2307/3049602. JSTOR   3049602.
27. "Secession - building". Secession: artist-run since 1897. Association of Visual Artists Vienna Secession. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
28. Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
29. History of Vienna, Vienna City Administration, retrieved 30 September 2015
30. Charles Emerson, 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares Vienna to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 87–109.
31. Florian Illies (2013). 1913: The Year Before the Storm . Melville House. ISBN   978-1-61219-352-6.
32. "A CHW története". Collegium Hungaricum Bécs (in Hungarian). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
33. "Garden Search: Austria". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International . Retrieved 30 September 2015.
34. James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-6477-1.
35. "Movie Theaters in Vienna, Austria". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
36. "The Subcamps". KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
37. "Istituto italiano di Cultura di Vienna: La storia" (in Italian). Retrieved 31 July 2022.
38. Film and Television Collections in Europe: the MAP-TV Guide. Routledge. 1995. ISBN   978-1-135-37262-0.
39. "O nas". Instytut Polski w Wiedniu (in Polish). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
40. "O nás". České centrum Vídeň (in Czech). Retrieved 30 July 2022.
41. "Mayor and Governor of Vienna". City of Vienna. Archived from the original on November 15, 2009.
42. "Wien Online" (in German). Archived from the original on 2000-03-02 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
43. "Smart City Wien". City of Vienna. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
44. Vienna in Figures, Vienna City Administration, retrieved 30 September 2015

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

published in the 18th-19th century

• Thomas Nugent (1749), "Vienna", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
• William Hunter (1803), "(Vienna)", Travels through France, Turkey, and Hungary, to Vienna, in 1792, vol. 2, London: J. White, OCLC   10321359
• Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Vienna", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
• John Russell (1828), "Vienna", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC   614379840
• David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Vienna". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3dz0hq2k.
• Frances Trollope (1838), Vienna and the Austrians, London: R. Bentley, OCLC   2431804 + v.2
• Mariana Starke (1839), "Vienna", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
• John Thomson (1845), "Vienna", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
• A.A. Paton (1861). "Vienna". Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic. Leipzig: Brockhaus. hdl:2027/hvd.32044017982406.
• "Vienna", Handbook for Travellers in Southern Germany (9th ed.), London: John Murray, 1863
• "Vienna". Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Germany. London: W.J. Adams & Sons. 1867.
• 'The Graphic' Guide to Vienna, London: Office of The Graphic, 1873, OL   24225739M
• David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Vienna", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030647005
• The Newest Plan and Guide of Vienna and Environs, Vienna: R. Lechner, 1891, OL   19356630M
• Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Vienna", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC   8395555

published in the 20th century

• Robert C. Brooks (1901), "Vienna", Bibliography of Municipal Problems and City Conditions, Municipal Affairs, vol. 5 (2nd ed.), New York: Reform Club, OCLC   1855351
• Maria Hornor Lansdale (1902), Vienna and the Viennese, Philadelphia: H. T. Coates & Co., OCLC   1522879, OL   6920560M
• "Vienna", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 12, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752839
• "Vienna"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 50–53.
• Donald Olsen (1986). The City as a Work of Art: London, Paris, Vienna . Yale University Press. ISBN   9780300042122.
• Peter Csendes (1999). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Vienna. Scarecrow Press. ISBN   978-0-8108-3562-7.

published in the 21st century

• John W. Stamper (2004). "The Industry Palace of the 1873 World's Fair: Karl von Hasenauer, John Scott Russell, and New Technology in Nineteenth-Century Vienna". Architectural History. 47: 227–250. doi:10.1017/S0066622X00001763. JSTOR   1568823.
• Jens S. Dangschat & Alexander Hamedinger (2009). "Planning culture in Austria: the case of Vienna, the unlike city". In Jörg Knieling & Frank Othengrafen (eds.). Planning Cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning. Ashgate. ISBN   978-0-7546-7565-5.

in German

• Karl Friedrich Arnold von Lützow (1876), Wiener Neubauten[Viennese Buildings] (in German), Wien: Lehmann & Wentzel, OCLC   17857346, OL   6565936M
• Moritz Bermann (1880), Alt- und Neu-Wien: Geschichte der Kaiserstadt und ihrer Umgebungen[Old and New Vienna: History of the Imperial City and its Surroundings], A. Hartleben, OCLC   11359182, OL   23423601M
• Eugen Guglia (1892), Geschichte der Stadt Wien[History of the City of Vienna] (in German), Wien: F. Tempsky, OL   23360656M

External links

• Links to fulltext city directories for Vienna via Wikisource
• Items related to Vienna, various dates (via Europeana)

48°12′30″N16°22′23″E / 48.208333°N 16.373056°E / 48.208333; 16.373056