| Year | Date | Event |
|---|
| 1401 | | Appenzell Wars : A popular uprising took place in Appenzell against the rule of the prince-abbot of the Abbey of Saint Gall, an ally of the Habsburgs. |
| 1404 | 14 September | Albert IV died. He was succeeded as duke of Austria by his young son Albert II the Magnanimous of Germany, with his cousin William the Courteous acting as regent. |
| 1406 | 15 July | William the Courteous died without heirs. He was succeeded in Upper Austria by Leopold the Fat and in Carinthia, Styria and Carniola by another brother, Ernest the Iron, Duke of Austria. Leopold ceded Tyrol to yet another brother, Frederick IV of the Empty Pockets, Duke of Austria and replaced William as regent for Albert the Magnanimous. |
| 1411 | 3 June | Leopold the Fat died. His territories were divided between Ernest the Iron and Frederick of the Empty Pockets. Albert the Magnanimous was granted his majority. |
| Appenzell Wars: Appenzell signed a mutual defense treaty with Switzerland to secure its independence from the Abbey of Saint Gall. |
| 1419 | 30 July | Hussite Wars : A Hussite procession led by the priest Jan Želivský threw seven government officials, including the burgomaster, from the New Town Hall in Prague, killing them. |
| 1420 | 23 May | Albert the Magnanimous ordered the imprisonment and forcible conversion of the Jews in Austria. |
| 12 June | Battle of Vítkov Hill : A crusader force including some Austrian soldiers laid siege fortifications on a hill outside Prague. |
| 14 July | Battle of Vítkov Hill: The crusader forces were surprised and routed, ending the siege. Several hundred were killed. |
| 1421 | 12 March | Two hundred Jews, the last practicing in Austria, were burned at the stake outside Vienna. |
| 1423 | | Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Romans, king of Hungary, king of Croatia and Bohemia and Albert the Magnanimous's father-in-law, appointed Albert margrave of Moravia. |
| 1424 | 10 June | Ernest the Iron died. He was survived by six children including his young sons Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Albert VI, Archduke of Austria. Frederick of the Empty Pockets appointed himself regent over Ernest's territories. |
| 1431 | 14 August | Battle of Domažlice : A Holy Roman Empire force, including some troops led by Albert the Magnanimous, was driven from its siege positions at Domažlice and wiped out in the nearby Bohemian Forest. |
| 14 October | Battle of Waidhofen : A Taborite raiding party was attacked and defeated by Austrian and Bohemian forces at Waidhofen an der Thaya. |
| 1435 | | Frederick III claimed his majority with the support of Albert the Magnanimous. |
| 1436 | | Albert VI was granted his majority. |
| 1437 | June | Transylvanian peasant revolt : A peasant revolt broke out in eastern Hungary following a demand by the local bishop György Lépes that the locals pay several years' overdue tithe in a single lump sum in the new currency. |
| 9 December | Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, king of Hungary and king of Croatia and Bohemia, died. Albert the Magnanimous, his son-in-law, succeeded him in Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, though the Hussite nobles in Bohemia remained in open revolt. |
| 1438 | January | Transylvanian peasant revolt: The last of the rebels, besieged in Cluj-Napoca, surrendered. |
| 18 March | 1438 Imperial election : Albert the Magnanimous was elected King of the Romans at Frankfurt. |
| 1439 | 24 June | Frederick of the Empty Pockets died. He was succeeded as duke of Further Austria and count of Tyrol by his young son Sigismund, Archduke of Austria, with Frederick III acting as regent. |
| 27 October | Albert the Magnanimous died at Neszmély defending Hungary against an Ottoman invasion. He was survived by two daughters and by his pregnant wife Elizabeth of Luxembourg. |
| 1440 | 2 February | 1440 Imperial election : Frederick III was elected King of the Romans at Frankfurt. |
| 22 February | Elizabeth of Luxembourg, Albert the Magnanimous's wife, gave birth to a son, Ladislaus the Posthumous. |
| 15 May | Ladislaus was crowned king of Hungary with the Holy Crown of Hungary by his mother in Székesfehérvár. |
| 29 June | The Diet of Hungary declared Ladislaus's coronation invalid. |
| 17 July | Władysław III of Poland, the king of Poland, was crowned king of Hungary under the eye of the Diet at Visegrád. |
| 2 November | Old Zürich War : Zürich was expelled from the Old Swiss Confederacy due to a dispute over the succession in Toggenburg. |
| 22 November | Elizabeth of Luxembourg granted Frederick III guardianship over her son Ladislaus. In exchange, she received financial support to defend her son's claim to the throne of Hungary against Władysław III of Poland. |
| 1442 | | Old Zürich War: Zürich concluded an alliance with the Holy Roman Empire. |
| 18 March | Battle of Hermannstadt : A Hungarian force was defeated by a numerically superior Ottoman force near Sântimbru, Alba and force to withdraw. One of the Hungarian commanders, the bishop György Lépes, was captured and beheaded. |
| 19 December | Elizabeth of Luxembourg, mother to Ladislaus the Posthumous, died, possibly after having been poisoned. |
| 1443 | 1 January | Crusade of Varna : The pope Pope Eugene IV called for a crusade to expel the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans. |
| 22 July | Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl : A Swiss army forced imperial and Zürich forces to abandon a defensive position on the Sihlfeld outside of Zürich. |
| 3 November | Battle of Nish (1443) : Hungarian, Polish and Serbian forces captured the Ottoman city of Niš. |
| 12 December | Battle of Zlatitsa : The Hungarian, Polish and Serbian armies were defeated near modern Zlatitsa, in a pass of the Balkan Mountains, halting their advance into Ottoman territory. |
| 1444 | 2 January | Battle of Kunovica : An Ottoman army pursuing Hungarian, Polish and Serbian forces after their retreat from Zlatitsa were ambushed and defeated in the shadow of Suva Planina. |
| 10 November | Battle of Varna : The Ottoman Empire decisively defeated an inferior Polish-Hungarian-Wallachian force at Varna. Władysław III of Poland, king of Poland and claimant against Ladislaus the Posthumous to the throne of Hungary, was killed. |
| 1445 | 1 June | The Diet of Hungary offered the throne of Hungary to Ladislaus on the condition that Frederick III release him and the Holy Crown of Hungary to their care. Frederick refused their terms and invaded. |
| 1446 | | Sigismund, Archduke of Austria was granted his majority. |
| 1 June | The Hungarian nobility accepted Frederick III's guardianship over Ladislaus in exchange for a truce. |
| 6 June | The Diet of Hungary elected John Hunyadi governor of Hungary during Ladislaus's minority. |
| 12 June | Old Zürich War: Zürich and the Old Swiss Confederacy agreed to an armistice. |
| 1448 | 17 February | Frederick III and the Holy See signed the Concordat of Vienna, recognizing the right of the Holy Roman Emperor to appoint bishops. |
| 3 September | The Hussite rebel George of Poděbrady captured the Bohemian capital Prague. |
| 17 October | Battle of Kosovo (1448) : An allied force of Hungarians, Poles, Wallachians and Moldavians met a numerically superior Ottoman force on Kosovo field, near modern Kosovo Polje. |
| 20 October | Battle of Kosovo (1448): The Christian forces were dispersed after heavy losses. |
| 1450 | 22 October | John Hunyadi and Frederick III agreed that the latter would be Ladislaus's guardian until his eighteenth birthday, in defiance of local customs which granted majority at twelve or sixteen. |
| 1451 | | Frederick III recognized George of Poděbrady as governor of Bohemia. |
| Sigismund, Archduke of Austria annexed the County of Bregenz and took the title count of Bregenz. |
| 1452 | 19 March | Frederick III was crowned Holy Roman Emperor with the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire in Rome by the pope Pope Nicholas V. |
| 4 September | The Austrian nobility forced Frederick III to renounce his guardianship of Ladislaus and allow him to enter Hungary as its king. |
| 1453 | January | John Hunyadi resigned as governor of Hungary but remained in charge of collecting tax. |
| In his capacity as Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick III confirmed the authenticity of the Privilegium Maius and raised Ladislaus the Posthumous to archduke of Austria. |
| 28 October | Ladislaus the Posthumous was crowned king of Bohemia in Prague. |
| 1454 | 2 October | Battle of Kruševac : While Ottoman forces mobilized further north for an invasion of Serbia, Serbian and Hungarian forces surprised and defeated a smaller contingent at Kruševac. |
| 1456 | 4 July | Siege of Belgrade (1456) : Ottoman forces laid siege to what is now Belgrade. |
| 22 July | Siege of Belgrade (1456): A mostly peasant crusader force dispersed the Ottoman army and forced their withdrawal to Constantinople. |
| 11 August | John Hunyadi died of plague at what is now Zemun. |
| 1457 | 23 November | Ladislaus the Posthumous died of plague or leukemia in Prague. Frederick III and Albert VI claimed his inheritance. |
| 1458 | 24 January | John Hunyadi's young son Matthias Corvinus was unanimously elected king of Hungary by the Hungarian nobility. |
| 2 March | George of Poděbrady was unanimously elected king by the Bohemian estates. |
| Albert VI conquered some territory from Frederick III in what is now Upper Austria. |
| 1460 | | Sigismund, Archduke of Austria was excommunicated by the pope Pope Pius II over a territorial conflict with cardinal Nicholas of Cusa, the prince-bishop of Brixen. |
| 1462 | | Albert VI supported an urban revolt in Frederick III's capital Vienna, enabling him to take possession of what is now Lower Austria. |
| 1463 | 19 July | Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire signed the Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt. Frederick III released the Holy Crown of Hungary to the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus in exchange for eighty thousand florins and the promise that, if Matthias died without heirs, the throne would pass to Frederick or his son Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. |
| 2 December | Albert VI died. His conquests fell back to his older brother Frederick III. |
| 1468 | | Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478) : Matthias Corvinus, the king of Hungary, invaded Bohemia on the pretext of restoring it to Catholicism. |
| 1469 | | Sigismund, Archduke of Austria sold some territories on the Rhine to Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy. |
| 1473 | | Cologne Diocesan Feud : The Landstände of the Electorate of Cologne declared the archbishop, Ruprecht of the Palatinate, deposed and elevated Hermann IV of Hesse in his stead as diocesan administrator. |
| 1474 | | Sigismund, Archduke of Austria purchased the County of Sonnenberg. |
| 29 July | Siege of Neuss : Burgundian forces laid siege to the free imperial city of Neuss as part of an invasion of Cologne in support of the deposed archbishop Ruprecht of the Palatinate. |
| Burgundian Wars : Sigismund, Archduke of Austria joined Switzerland in alliance against the Duchy of Burgundy. |
| 13 November | Battle of Héricourt : An anti-Burgundian alliance including some of Sigismund, Archduke of Austria's forces defeated the Duchy of Burgundy in battle. |
| December | Burgundian Wars: Frederick III and Louis XI of France, the king of France, signed the Treaty of Andernach, under whose terms France joined the anti-Burgundian alliance. |
| 1475 | May | Siege of Neuss: The arrival of Frederick III's forces compelled the Duchy of Burgundy to lift the siege of Neuss. The Burgundian duke Charles the Bold promised the hand of his only child, Mary of Burgundy, to Maximilian. |
| 1477 | 5 January | Battle of Nancy : The Burgundian army was surrounded and wiped out by Swiss and Lorrain forces while besieging the Lorrain capital Nancy, now Nancy, France. Charles the Bold, the duke of Burgundy, was killed. |
| 11 February | The States General of the Netherlands recognized Mary of Burgundy, the daughter and only child of the deceased duke Charles the Bold, as ruler of Burgundy in exchange for her grant of the Great Privilege, which restored the ancient rights and privileges of Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut, and Holland. |
| Frederick III raised Sigismund, Archduke of Austria to an archduke. |
| 16 August | Mary of Burgundy, the duchess regnant of Burgundy, married Maximilian. |
| Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488) : Hungary invaded Austria as punishment for the latter's diplomatic support of Hussite Bohemia in the Bohemian–Hungarian War. |
| 1478 | March | Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478): Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary and Vladislaus II of Hungary, king of Bohemia signed the Treaty of Brno, ending the war. Vladislaus accepted Matthias's conquests in Bohemia. Each recognized the other's right to use the title king of Bohemia. |
| 1479 | 7 August | Battle of Guinegate (1479) : Burgundian forces defeated a smaller French army at Enguinegatte, defending Maximilian's claim against that of the French king Louis XI of France. |
| 1482 | 27 March | Mary of Burgundy died. Philip I the Handsome, the Fair of Castile, her young son and Maximilian's, succeeded as duke of Burgundy. Maximilian took over the rule of Burgundy as regent for his son. |
| 4 July | Siege of Hainburg : Hungarian forces laid siege to the Austrian city of Hainburg an der Donau. |
| Maximilian renounced the Great Privilege. |
| 30 September | Siege of Hainburg: The garrison at Hainburg an der Donau surrendered to the Hungarian besiegers. |
| 23 December | Maximilian and the French king Louis XI of France signed the Treaty of Arras. Maximilian promised his daughter Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy and the County of Burgundy to the Dauphin Charles VIII of France. In exchange, Louis recognized Philip the Handsome's rule over the rump Burgundy, consisting mostly of the County of Flanders, and Maximilian's regency. |
| 1483 | 5 June | Flemish revolts against Maximilian of Austria : The cities of Flanders established a regency council for the young Philip the Handsome. |
| Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488): The Hungarian advance into Austria forced Frederick III to flee Vienna and establish his court at Wiener Neustadt. |
| 1484 | | Battle of Leitzersdorf : A Hungarian army forced a numerically superior Austrian force from the battlefield at Leitzersdorf. |
| 1485 | 29 January | Siege of Vienna (1485) : The Hungarian army laid siege to Vienna. |
| 1 June | Siege of Vienna (1485): Vienna surrendered to the Hungarian besiegers. The Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus entered the city and established his court there. |
| 6 July | Flemish revolts against Maximilian of Austria: The rebels released Philip the Handsome to his father Maximilian. |
| 1486 | | Siege of Wiener Neustadt : Hungarian forces laid siege to the Austrian city of Wiener Neustadt. |
| 16 February | 1486 Imperial election : Frederick III's son Maximilian was elected to succeed him as King of the Romans. |
| The Guldengroschen, a fine one-ounce silver coin, was first minted under Sigismund, Archduke of Austria. |
| 4 October | Siege of Retz : The Hungarian army laid siege to the Austrian city of Retz. |
| 10 October | Siege of Retz: The Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus entered the city. |
| 1487 | | Frederick III fled Wiener Neustadt for Graz. |
| The Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus took the title duke of Austria at a diet of the Lower Austrian estates in Ebenfurth. |
| 2 July | Siege of Wiener Neustadt: The Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus and the defenders of Wiener Neustadt agreed that if imperial reinforcements arrived by August 16, the besiegers would withdraw; otherwise, the city would surrender. |
| 17 August | Siege of Wiener Neustadt: Wiener Neustadt surrendered to its Hungarian besiegers. |
| November | Flemish revolts against Maximilian of Austria: A second revolt against Maximilian's rule over Burgundy began, in Ghent. |
| 1488 | 8 January | Maximilian issued a decree establishing the Royal Netherlands Navy. |
| 14 February | At the urging of Frederick III, the Swabian League, a mutual defense association of imperial estates, was established at Esslingen am Neckar. |
| 16 December | Austrian–Hungarian War (1477–1488): Representatives of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire signed an armistice at Sankt Pölten, ending the war. |
| 1489 | 11 September | The pope Pope Innocent VIII excommunicated and deposed Ferdinand I of Naples, the king of Naples, following his refusal to pay feudal dues and offered the kingdom to Charles VIII of France, the king of France, who had a claim through descent from his grandfather. |
| 1490 | | The Tyrolean nobility forced Sigismund, Archduke of Austria to abdicate in favor of Maximilian. |
| 6 April | The Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus died, probably from a stroke. He was survived by one child, his illegitimate son John Corvinus. |
| 15 July | Vladislaus II of Hungary, king of Bohemia, was elected king of Hungary by the Hungarian diet. |
| 1491 | 7 November | Maximilian and Vladislaus II of Hungary, the king of Hungary, signed the Peace of Pressburg in what is now Bratislava. Vladislaus renounced Hungary's conquests in Austria and promised the throne to Maximilian in the event of his death without heirs. In return, Maximilian recognized Vladislaus's rule in Hungary. |
| 6 December | Charles VIII of France, the king of France, married Anne of Brittany, duchess of Brittany. |
| 1492 | | Flemish revolts against Maximilian of Austria: The second revolt was suppressed. |
| 1493 | May | Maximilian and Charles VIII of France, the king of France, signed the Treaty of Senlis at Senlis, under whose terms the French king returned the Burgundian territories he had won by the Treaty of Arras. Philip the Handsome was granted his majority and became ruler of the disputed territories. |
| 19 August | Frederick III bled to death following the amputation of his infected left leg. |
| 1494 | 25 January | Ferdinand I of Naples died of colorectal cancer. He was succeeded as king of Naples by his son Alfonso II of Naples. |
| 16 March | Maximilian married Bianca Maria Sforza, the niece of Ludovico Sforza, the regent of Milan, receiving a dowry of four hundred thousand ducats. |
| 21 October | Gian Galeazzo Sforza, the duke of Milan, died, probably poisoned on the orders of his uncle and regent Ludovico Sforza. |
| 22 October | Ludovico Sforza was crowned duke of Milan over the objection of Alfonso II of Naples, the king of Naples, who claimed the duchy by his daughter's marriage to the previous duke Gian Galeazzo Sforza. Ludovico Sforza invited Charles VIII of France, the king of France, to pass through Milanese territory on the way to a planned invasion of Naples. |
| 1495 | 2 February | Diet of Worms (1495) : A session of the Imperial Diet opened at Worms, Germany. |
| February | Italian War of 1494–1498 : French forces conquered the Neapolitan capital Naples. |
| 31 March | Italian War of 1494–1498: The Papal States, Venice, Aragon and Sicily and the Holy Roman Empire established the League of Venice, an anti-French military alliance. |
| 7 August | Diet of Worms (1495): The Diet concluded with the publication of three major reforms to the constitution of the Holy Roman Empire. The Ewiger Landfriede banned the use of violence to resolve disputes between the lesser nobility. The Reichskammergericht , a permanent high court which heard civil cases, was established. The Common Penny, a tax reform, was passed, which established a poll tax, income tax and property tax on all residents of the Empire. |
| 1496 | | The Jews were expelled from Styria and Wiener Neustadt. |
| 20 October | Philip the Handsome married Joanna of Castile, the third child of Isabella I of Castile, the queen regnant of Castile, and Ferdinand II of Aragon, the king of Aragon. |
| 1497 | 4 October | John, Prince of Asturias, the heir apparent to the thrones of Castile and Aragon, died without issue. His older sister Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal succeeded as heir apparent. |
| 1498 | 7 April | Italian War of 1494–1498: Charles VIII of France, the king of France, died, probably from an epidural hematoma after bumping his head on a doorframe, effectively ending the war. |
| 23 August | Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, the heir apparent to the thrones of Castile and Aragon, died giving birth to a son, Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal, who became the new heir to the two thrones. |
| 1499 | 20 January | Swabian War : Imperial and Swabian League forces occupied the Val Müstair, a strategically important pass in the Three Leagues. |
| 20 February | Battle of Hard : A Swiss force routed a Holy Roman Empire army at Hard, Austria. |
| 22 March | Battle of Bruderholz : A Swabian League raiding party was surprised and defeated by a numerically inferior Swiss force near Basel. |
| 11 April | Battle of Schwaderloh : The Swiss surprised and defeated a significantly larger Swabian League force as they burned and looted the area around Triboltingen. |
| 20 April | Battle of Frastanz : Swiss troops flanked a Swabian Letzi in the Montafon and drove out their forces. |
| 22 May | Battle of Calven : An Austrian force in the Val Müstair was attacked simultaneously in the front and rear by Three Leagues forces. Nearly half were killed, and the rest fled. |
| 22 July | Battle of Dornach : A Swiss force dispersed a division of the Holy Roman Empire near Dornach, with heavy losses on both sides. The Imperial commander was killed. |
| 22 September | Swabian War: The Swabian League and the Old Swiss Confederacy signed the Treaty of Basel, ending the war. An imperial ban placed on the Swiss cantons following their refusal to pay the Common Penny was revoked. |
| 1500 | | An Imperial Diet at Augsburg established six imperial circles, administrative divisions over many of the states of the Holy Roman Empire, in order to better organize military forces and tax collection in the Empire. It also established an Imperial Government, a permanent government seated at Nuremberg composed of representatives of twenty princes of the Empire. |
| 19 July | Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal, the infant heir to the thrones of Castile and Aragon, died. His aunt Joanna of Castile became the new heir apparent. |
