1446

June 6: John Hunyadi is proclaimed as Regent of Hungary

1446 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1446 MCDXLVI
Ab urbe condita	2199
Armenian calendar	895 ԹՎ ՊՂԵ
Assyrian calendar	6196
Balinese saka calendar	1367–1368
Bengali calendar	852–853
Berber calendar	2396
English Regnal year	24  Hen. 6  – 25  Hen. 6
Buddhist calendar	1990
Burmese calendar	808
Byzantine calendar	6954–6955
Chinese calendar	乙丑年 (Wood  Ox) 4143 or 3936     — to — 丙寅年 (Fire  Tiger) 4144 or 3937
Coptic calendar	1162–1163
Discordian calendar	2612
Ethiopian calendar	1438–1439
Hebrew calendar	5206–5207
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1502–1503
- Shaka Samvat	1367–1368
- Kali Yuga	4546–4547
Holocene calendar	11446
Igbo calendar	446–447
Iranian calendar	824–825
Islamic calendar	849–850
Japanese calendar	Bun'an 3 (文安３年)
Javanese calendar	1361–1362
Julian calendar	1446 MCDXLVI
Korean calendar	3779
Minguo calendar	466 before ROC 民前466年
Nanakshahi calendar	−22
Thai solar calendar	1988–1989
Tibetan calendar	阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1572 or 1191 or 419     — to — 阳火虎年 (male Fire-Tiger) 1573 or 1192 or 420

Year 1446 ( MCDXLVI ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 2 – (5th waxing of Tabodwe 807 ME) At the city of Taungoo in what is now Myanmar, 14-year-old Minkhaung I becomes the new Viceroy of Toungoo, a semi-independent vassal state of the Kingdom of Ava, ruled by King Narapati I of Ava. Minkhaung's ascension comes hours after the sudden death of his father, the Viceroy Tarabya. ^[1]
• January 15 – On his 14th birthday, Afonso V is acclaimed as King of Portugal, with full power to govern the kingdom, although his uncle, Pedro, Duke of Coimbra continues to operateas regent. Afonso had succeeded to the throne in 1438 upon the death of his father, King Duarte I. ^[2]
• January 24 – The Battle of Arbroath takes place in Scotland as the monks of the Abbey of Arbroath dismiss Alexander Lindsay, son of the Earl of Crawford, from the position of Bailie of the Regality, and replace him with Alexander Ogilvy, Baron of Inverquharity. Lindsay attacks the abbey with fellow members of his own Clan Lindsay and the assistance of Clan Hamilton, while Ogilvy is supported by Clan Oliphant, Clan Seton, Clan Gordon and Clan Forbes. The Earl of Crawford, seeking to avert the battle, rides his horse to the battlefield in hopes of conferring with Ogilvy, but is killed by a member of Ogilvy's infantry. In the battle that follows, Clan Lindsay prevails and Ogilvy is killed. ^[3]
• February 12 – Vasily II, the Grand Prince of Moscow and ruler of much of Russia, is kidnapped from Trinity Monastery the Kremlin by allies of his cousin, Dmitry Shemyaka. Four days later (February 16), the conspirators tear out the eyes of Grand Prince Vasily and send him into exile at Uglich with his wife. ^{[4] [5]}
• March 6 – The Battle of Ragaz marks the last military conflict of the Old Zurich War between the Swiss Confederacy and the Habsburgs, as 1,200 soldiers of the Confederation defeat the Austrian army, commanded by Hans von Rechberg and Wolfhart V. von Brandis, the Habsburg bailiff of Feldkirch. Among other things, the banners of the lords of Brandis are lost to the confederates and later transferred to the church in Sarnen. According to contemporary accounts, around 900 men from the Habsburg army and around 100 men from the Swiss army fell in the battle. ^[6]
• March 21 – In the Holy Roman Empire in Germany, the Electors of Cologne, Trier, Mainz, and the Palatinate, along with representatives of the Electors of Saxony and Brandenburg, assemble at Frankfurt-am-Main and create a mutural defense alliance to resist Pope Eugene IV. ^[7]

April–June

• April 7 – In England, Thomas de Ashton and Edmund de Trafford, both knights of Lancashire, are granted special dispensation by King Henry VI to use their research in alchemy to transmute substances into precious metals. ^[8]
• April 28 – Queen Soheon of Joseon, Queen consort of King Sejong of Korea, dies 27 years after her husband first assended the throne. King Sejong spends the remaining four years of his life in mourning and becomes a vegetarian.
• May 2 – (5 Safar 849 AH) Sultan Muhammad of the Timurid Empire in Iran arrives in Isfahan and forces out a disloyal governor, Sa'adat, then declares an amnesty on taxes, stages a feast and celebration, and appoints Shah Ala' al-Din Naqib as the new governor. ^[9]
• May 24 – In what is now the state of Karnataka in India, Prince Mallikarjuna Raya becomes the new Emperor of Vijayanagara upon the death of his father, Deva Raya II, and takes the name of Emperor Deva Raya III. ^{[10] [11]}
• June 6 – John Hunyadi is proclaimed regent of Hungary during the minority of King Ladislaus the Posthumous, with the title Regni Gubernator. His election is primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi has by this time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom. His domains cover an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres). ^[12] Hunyadi is one of the few contemporaneous barons who has spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years. ^[13]
• June 8 – After a siege of seven months, Baghdad is captured by the Sultan Jahan Shah of Qara Qoyunlu, whose forces move into what is now Iraq. ^[14]
• June 12 – An armistice between Duchy of Austria and the Swiss Confederation comes into force, ending the Old Zurich War. ^[6]
• June 21 – Lidköping gets its charter, and thus qualifies as one of the now defunct Cities of Sweden.
• June 26 – Gilles de Bretagne, the brother of Francois I, Duke of Brittany, is arrested after allowing agents of King Charles VII of France to enter his home, Château du Guildo. He is eventually murdered while in custody at La Harduinaie. ^[15]

July–September

• July 28 – The compilation of the Alfonsine Ordinances, the first codification of the laws of the Kingdom of Portugal, is completed by Rui Fernandes of Almada and given to Dom Pedro de Coimbra, the regent for King Afonso V. ^[16]
• August 24 – After many years of fruitless negotiations between Christopher of Bavaria and Eric of Pomerania, a Swedish war march to Gotland is launched in the early summer of 1446. King Christopher comes with a force to the island and on an open field in Västergarn with crossbowmen at gunpoint behind each monarch's back; regular peace negotiations take place. ^{[17] [18]}
• August – Christopher of Bavaria undertakes a fruitless military campaign against Gotland to end Eric of Pomerania's piracy. ^{[17] [19]}
• September 27 – Battle of Otonetë: Skanderbeg defeats the Ottomans. ^{[20] [21]}

October–December

• October 5 – The compromise proposed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III with Pope Eugene IV is publicly endorsed by the Elector of Mainz, the Elector of Brandenburg, the Margrave of Ansbach, the Margrave Jakob I of Baden, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, the Archbishop of Salzburg, the and the Bishops of Augsburg, Chiemsee, Bamberg, Passau, Constanz and Chur. ^[7]
• October 9 – The hangul alphabet is proclaimed in Korea, by King Sejong the Great. The Hunmin Jeongeum , published during the year, is considered the start of this brand new scientific writing system. ^{[22] [23]}
• October 10 – An earthquake occurs in Moscow but causes little damage ^[24]
• October 11 – In what is now the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, Mahmud Khalji, Sultan of Malwa attempts to cross the Banas River to invade Mandalgarh in what is now the state of Rajasthan, but he and his armies are driven back by the forces of the Rana Kumbhakaran Singh, ruler of the Kingdom of Mewar. ^[25]
• October – Murad II, who recently became the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire after his son Mehmed II was forced by the Janissaries to abdicate, ^[26] invades Attica, forcing Constantine XI to return Thebes to the duchy of Athens, ^[27] and remove the tribute imposed in 1444. Murad II imposes his own tribute.
• November 13 – In Italy, Sante Bentivoglio, who had recently been "working in the wool industry in Florence under another name" ^[28] becomes the ruler of Bologna at age 20 when he is named as guardian of the young child of the recently-assassinated Annibale I Bentivoglio ^[29]
• December 10 – After hesitating for several weeks, Sultan Murad II, of the Ottoman Empire, destroys the Hexamilion wall, in an assault that includes cannons. Murad and the Ottoman governor of Thessaly, Turakhan Beg, ravage the Peloponnese Peninsula at will, with the Sultan devastating the northern shore, while Glarentza and Turakhan raid in the interior. The Despotate of the Morea is turned into an Ottoman vassal state. ^[30]
• December 14 – King Henry VI summons the English Parliament to assemble at Cambridge on February 10. ^[31]
• December 23 – On their way back to England after a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, the 37 pilgrims on the ship Cog Anne are killed when the vessel strikes a rock near the port of Modon in Greece. ^[32]
• December 24 – Edmund Beaufort, Marquess of Dorset, is appointed as last Governor of English-occupied France. ^[33]

Date unknown

• Nuno Tristão is killed by natives on the coast of Senegal. ^[34]
• Portuguese navigator Álvaro Fernandes reaches the mouth of the Casamance River in Senegal. ^[35]
• The Precious Belt Bridge in China is fully reconstructed. ^[36]
• In Italy, the siege of Cremona, by the condottieri troops of Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme, is raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da Forlì. ^[37]
• The Blarney Stone is set into a tower of Blarney Castle in Blarney, County Cork in Ireland. ^[38]

• Another league is formed to counter the House of Sforza.

Births

• April 18 – Ippolita Maria Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1484)
• May 3
  • Frederick I of Liegnitz, Duke of Chojnów and Strzelin from 1453 (d. 1488)
  • Margaret of York, duchess consort of Burgundy by marriage to Charles the Bold (d. 1503) ^[39]
• August 14 – Andrey Bolshoy, Russian royal (d. 1493)
• December 26 – Charles de Valois, Duke de Berry, French noble (d. 1472)
• date unknown– Edmund de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros, English politician (d. 1508)
• probable
  • Alexander Agricola, Flemish composer (d. 1506)
  • William Grocyn, English scholar (d. 1519)
  • Pietro Perugino, Italian painter (d. 1524)

Deaths

• April 15 – Filippo Brunelleschi, Italian architect (b. 1377) ^[40]
• May 9 – Mary of Enghien, Queen of Naples (b. 1367)
• May 24 – Ambroise de Loré, Baron of Ivry (b. 1396)
• June 11 – Henry Beauchamp, 1st Duke of Warwick, English nobleman (b. 1425)
• December 28 – Antipope Clement VIII
• February 2 – Vittorino da Feltre, Italian humanist (b. 1378)
• date unknown– Nuno Tristão, Portuguese explorer

References

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2. Livermore, H.V. (1947). A History of Portugal. Cambridge University Press. p. 201.
3. Hay, George (1876). History of Arbroath to the Present Time: With Notices of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Neighbouring District. Arbroath, Scotland: T. Buncle. pp. 64–68.
4. John Abbott, The Empire of Russia: From the Remotest Periods to the Present Time (PitRes, 2018) ISBN   9785041451011
5. John L. Fennell, A History of the Russian Church to 1488 (Taylor & Francis, 2014) ISBN   9781317897194
6. Peter Niederhäuser and Christian Sieber, Ein "Bruderkrieg" macht Geschichte: Neue Zugänge zum Alten Zürichkrieg (A "Brotherly War" Makes History: New Approaches to the Old Zurich War) (Zurich: Chronos Verlag 2006) ISBN   978-3-0340-0755-9
7. Joachim W. Stieber, Pope Eugenius IV, the Council of Basel and the Secular and Ecclesiastical Authorities in the Empire (Brill, 2022) pp.277–278, 292 ISBN   9789004477346
8. "Ashton, Thomas de (fl.1446)"  . Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
9. Beatrice Forbes Manz, Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran (Cambridge University Press, 2007) p.255, ISBN   9781139462846
10. Lakshmi, Kumari Jhansi (1958). "The Chronology of the Sangama Dynasty". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 21: 290–297. JSTOR   44145214.
11. "Full text of "Historical Inscriptions Of Southern India"". Internet Archive. Kitabistam,Allahabad. 23 October 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
12. Mureşanu, Camil (2001). John Hunyadi: Defender of Christendom. The Center for Romanian Studies. ISBN   973-9432-18-2, 127–128.
13. Makkai, László (1994). "The Three Nations of Transylvania (1360–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. ISBN   963-05-6703-2.
14. Minorsky, V. (1954). "Jihān-Shāh Qara-Qoyunlu and His Poetry (Turkmenica, 9)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 16 (2): 275. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00105981. JSTOR   609169. S2CID   154352923.
15. Lauren Johnson, The Shadow King: The Life and Death of Henry VI (Pegasus Books, 2019) ISBN   9781643131658
16. Herzog, Benjamin (2014). Anwendung und Auslegung von Recht in Portugal und Brasilien[Application and Interpretation of the Law in Portugal and Brazil. A Comparative Legal Examination from a Genetic, Functional and Post-modern Perspective]. Rechtsvergleichung und Rechtsvereinheitlichung (in German). Vol. 26. Mohr Siebeck. p. 257. doi:10.1628/978-3-16-160932-9. ISBN   978-3-16-160932-9.
17. http://www.guteinfo.com/?id=2811, read on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
18. "Erik av Pommern". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
19. Lidköping on 2023-06-26 (Swedish)
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22. "A.B.C. Isn't Simple as A.B.C. in Korea— Alphabet on 525th Birthday, Both Hailed and Assailed", The New York Times, October 10, 1971, p. 8
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28. Commentary by Quentin Skinner and Russell Price to The Prince, by Niccolo Mahiavelli (Cambridge University Press, 2019) p.119 until he was discovered to have been the illegitimate son of Eccole Bentivoglio p.119
29. "Libertas, Oligarchy, Papcy: Government in the Quattrocento", by Tommaso Duranti, in A Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Bologna, ed. by Sarah R. Blanshei (Brill, 2017) p.273
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32. Ian Friel, Britain and the Ocean Road: Shipwrecks & People, 1297–1825 (Pen & Sword Books, 2020) p.17 ISBN   9781526738394
33. William E. Baumgaertner, A Time-Line of Fifteenth Century England - 1398 to 1509 (Trafford Publishing, 2009) ISBN   9781426906381
34. Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) Crónica dos feitos notáveis que se passaram na Conquista da Guiné por mandado do Infante D. Henrique or Chronica do descobrimento e conquista da Guiné. [Trans. 1896–99 by C.R. Beazley and E. Prestage, The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea, London: Halykut]
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38. Samuel, Mark; Hamlyn, Kate (2007). Blarney Castle: Its History, Development and Purpose. Cork University. ISBN   978-1-85918-411-0.
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