1239

Last updated

1239 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1239
MCCXXXIX
Ab urbe condita 1992
Armenian calendar 688
ԹՎ ՈՁԸ
Assyrian calendar 5989
Balinese saka calendar 1160–1161
Bengali calendar 645–646
Berber calendar 2189
English Regnal year 23  Hen. 3   24  Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar 1783
Burmese calendar 601
Byzantine calendar 6747–6748
Chinese calendar 戊戌年 (Earth  Dog)
3936 or 3729
     to 
己亥年 (Earth  Pig)
3937 or 3730
Coptic calendar 955–956
Discordian calendar 2405
Ethiopian calendar 1231–1232
Hebrew calendar 4999–5000
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1295–1296
 - Shaka Samvat 1160–1161
 - Kali Yuga 4339–4340
Holocene calendar 11239
Igbo calendar 239–240
Iranian calendar 617–618
Islamic calendar 636–637
Japanese calendar Ryakunin 2 / En'ō 1
(延応元年)
Javanese calendar 1148–1149
Julian calendar 1239
MCCXXXIX
Korean calendar 3572
Minguo calendar 673 before ROC
民前673年
Nanakshahi calendar −229
Thai solar calendar 1781–1782
Tibetan calendar ས་ཕོ་ཁྱི་ལོ་
(male Earth-Dog)
1365 or 984 or 212
     to 
ས་མོ་ཕག་ལོ་
(female Earth-Boar)
1366 or 985 or 213
The Crusader States around 1240-41 Map Crusader states 1240-eng.png
The Crusader States around 124041
Amaury VI de Montfort (1192-1241) Scheffer Henry (1798-1862) - Amaury VI de Montfort.jpg
Amaury VI de Montfort (1192–1241)

Year 1239 ( MCCXXXIX ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Contents

Events

By place

Europe

England

Levant

  • September 1 Barons' Crusade: A Crusader force (some 1,500 knights) under King Theobald I of Navarre arrives at Acre. At a council of local barons – most prominently Walter of Brienne, Odo of Montbéliard, Balian of Beirut, John of Arsuf, and Balian of Sidon – plans are made to prepare an expedition against the Ayyubids in Egypt. Later, Theobald is joined by some Crusaders from Cyprus. [2]
  • November 2 An expeditionary force (some 4,000 knights) under Theobald I sets out from Acre for the Egyptian frontier, detachments from the military orders and several local barons accompany the Crusaders. While marching to Jaffa, a Crusader column led by Peter of Brittany and his lieutenant Raoul de Soissons with two hundred knights, lays an ambush and attacks a rich Muslim caravan. [3]
  • November 12 Sultan as-Salih Ayyub sends an Ayyubid army to Gaza to protect the Egyptian border. At nightfall, Henry of Bar, jealous of the successful ambush of Peter of Brittany, decides to march out towards Gaza with a Crusader force (some 500 knights and 1,000 soldiers). Although warned by Theobald I, Henry sets up camp in a flat terrain surrounded by sand dunes near Gaza. [4]
  • November 13 Battle of Gaza: The Crusader army led by Henry of Bar is defeated by the Egyptians near Gaza. More than a thousand men are slaughtered, including Henry himself. Six hundred more are captured and carried off to Egypt. Among them are Amaury VI de Montfort and Philippe de Nanteuil – who, in the dungeons of Cairo, writes a Crusade song about the failure of the expedition. [5]
  • December 7 Ayyubid forces under An-Nasir Dawud march on Jerusalem, which is largely undefended. The garrison of the city surrenders to Dawud, after accepting his offer for a safe-conduct to Acre. Dawud destroys Jerusalem's fortifications, including the Tower of David. Meanwhile, Theobald I (losing many men underway) moves with the remnants of the Crusader army northward to Acre. [6]

Mongol Empire

By topic

Religion

Births

Deaths

References

  1. de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 96. ISBN   90-04-11244-8.
  2. Painter, Sidney (1969). The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241, p. 472. Robert Lee Wolff; Harry W. Hazard (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311, pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  3. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 179. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
  4. Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences, pp. 168–71. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   0-8122-3873-7.
  5. Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 180. ISBN   978-0-241-29877-0.
  6. Lower, Michael (2005). The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences, p. 171. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN   0-8122-3873-7.
  7. Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 139. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
  8. Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. p. 348. ISBN   978-963-9627-38-3.