1277

Last updated

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1277 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1277
MCCLXXVII
Ab urbe condita 2030
Armenian calendar 726
ԹՎ ՉԻԶ
Assyrian calendar 6027
Balinese saka calendar 1198–1199
Bengali calendar 684
Berber calendar 2227
English Regnal year 5  Edw. 1   6  Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar 1821
Burmese calendar 639
Byzantine calendar 6785–6786
Chinese calendar 丙子年 (Fire  Rat)
3974 or 3767
     to 
丁丑年 (Fire  Ox)
3975 or 3768
Coptic calendar 993–994
Discordian calendar 2443
Ethiopian calendar 1269–1270
Hebrew calendar 5037–5038
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1333–1334
 - Shaka Samvat 1198–1199
 - Kali Yuga 4377–4378
Holocene calendar 11277
Igbo calendar 277–278
Iranian calendar 655–656
Islamic calendar 675–676
Japanese calendar Kenji 3
(建治3年)
Javanese calendar 1187–1188
Julian calendar 1277
MCCLXXVII
Korean calendar 3610
Minguo calendar 635 before ROC
民前635年
Nanakshahi calendar −191
Thai solar calendar 1819–1820
Tibetan calendar 阳火鼠年
(male Fire-Rat)
1403 or 1022 or 250
     to 
阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
1404 or 1023 or 251
Pope Nicholas III (middle) offering the church to Christ (fresco 13th century). Scuola romana, affreschi del sancta sanctorum, 1280 ca., Niccolo III dona la chiesa ai ss. pietro e paolo 03 (cropped).jpg
Pope Nicholas III (middle) offering the church to Christ (fresco 13th century).

Year 1277 ( MCCLXXVII ) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Contents

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

  • March 19 Byzantine–Venetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII (Palaiologos) concludes an agreement with the Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of Charles I, king of Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market. [1]
  • Battle of Pharsalus: Michael VIII (Palaiologos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under John Synadenos to invade Thessaly. The Byzantines are ambushed and defeated by Greek forces under John I (Doukas), Latin ruler of Thessaly, near Pharsalus (or Old Pharsalus). During the battle, Synadenos is captured and Michael Kaballarios, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds. [2]
  • Summer Uprising of Ivaylo: An uprising under Ivaylo breaks out in northeastern Bulgaria against Emperor Constantine I Tikh to cope with the constant Mongol invasions which devastated the country for years. He confronts and defeats the plundering Mongols, and by autumn all Mongols are driven out of Bulgarian territory. In return, Constantine gathers a small army and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the revolt.

Europe

England

Levant

Asia

By topic

Religion

Births

Deaths

Related Research Articles

The 1300s was a decade of the Julian Calendar that began on 1 January 1300 and ended on 31 December 1309.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1320</span> Calendar year

Year 1320 (MCCCXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.

The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1302</span> Calendar year

Year 1302 (MCCCII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1303</span> Calendar year

Year 1303 (MCCCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1305</span> Calendar year

Year 1305 (MCCCV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1271</span> Calendar year

Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1258</span> Calendar year

Year 1258 (MCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1261</span> Calendar year

Year 1261 (MCCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1262</span> Calendar year

Year 1262 (MCCLXII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1263</span> Calendar year

Year 1263 (MCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1279</span> Calendar year

Year 1279 A.D (MCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1281</span> Calendar year

Year 1281 (MCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael VIII Palaiologos</span> Byzantine emperor from 1261 to 1282

Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus reigned as Byzantine emperor from 1261 until his death in 1282, and previously as the co-emperor of the Empire of Nicaea from 1259 to 1261. Michael VIII was the founder of the Palaiologan dynasty that would rule the Byzantine Empire until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. He recovered Constantinople from the Latin Empire in 1261 and transformed the Empire of Nicaea into a restored Byzantine Empire. His reign saw considerable recovery of Byzantine power, including the enlargement of the Byzantine army and navy. It also included the reconstruction of the city of Constantinople, and the increase of its population. His re-establishment of the University of Constantinople contributed to the Palaeologan Renaissance, a cultural flowering between the 13th and 15th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eighth Crusade</span> Crusade against Ifriqiya in 1270

The Eighth Crusade was the second Crusade launched by Louis IX of France, this one against the Hafsid dynasty in Tunisia in 1270. It is also known as the Crusade of Louis IX Against Tunis or the Second Crusade of Louis. The Crusade did not see any significant fighting as Louis died of dysentery shortly after arriving on the shores of Tunisia. The Treaty of Tunis was negotiated between the Crusaders and the Hafsids. No changes in territory occurred, though there were commercial and some political rights granted to the Christians. The Crusaders withdrew back to Europe soon after.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lord Edward's crusade</span> European crusade to the Holy Land in 1271–1272

Lord Edward's Crusade, sometimes called the Ninth Crusade, was a military expedition to the Holy Land under the command of Edward, Duke of Gascony in 1271–1272. In practice an extension of the Eighth Crusade, it was the last of the Crusades to reach the Holy Land before the fall of Acre in 1291 brought an end to the permanent crusader presence there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abaqa Khan</span> Mongol ruler of the Ilkhanate from 1265 to 1282

Abaqa Khan, was the second Mongol ruler (Ilkhan) of the Ilkhanate. The son of Hulagu Khan and Lady Yesünčin and the grandson of Tolui, he reigned from 1265 to 1282 and was succeeded by his brother Ahmed Tekuder. Much of Abaqa's reign was consumed with civil wars in the Mongol Empire, such as those between the Ilkhanate and the northern khanate of the Golden Horde. Abaqa also engaged in unsuccessful attempts at invading Syria under the Mamluk Sultanate, which included the Second Battle of Homs.

On April 15, 1277, the Mamluk Sultan Baybars marched from Syria into the Mongol-dominated Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and attacked the Mongol occupation force in the Battle of Elbistan (Abulustayn). Upon reaching Elbistan with at least 10,000 horseman, Baibars made ready for battle with the Mongols, expecting them to be around 30,000. The Mongol forces were smaller but they were supported by Armenians, Georgians and Rum Seljuks that bolstered their numbers. The Mamluk army was led by Baybars and his Bedouin Arab general Isa ibn Muhanna and his Egyptian companionship vizier Zayn al-Din Ahmad bin Hanna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Byzantine–Mongol Alliance</span>

A Byzantine-Mongol Alliance occurred during the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongol Empire. Byzantium attempted to maintain friendly relations with both the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate realms, and was caught in the middle of growing conflict between the two. The alliance involved numerous exchanges of presents, military collaboration and marital links, but dissolved in the middle of the 14th century.

References

  1. Nicol, Donald M. (1988). Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 197–201. ISBN   0-521-34157-4.
  2. Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 297. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC   101176343.
  3. Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 148. ISBN   0-304-35730-8.
  4. Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century, p. 173. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   978-1-107-60474-2.
  5. Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusaders. Routledge. p. 119. ISBN   9781135131371.
  6. Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the battle for the Strait, p. 73. ISBN   978-0-8122-2302-6.
  7. Wilkinson, Alf (2016). Health and the People. Hodder Education. p. 19. ISBN   9781471864216.
  8. Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (1995). Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Illkhanid War, 1260–1281, p. 174. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN   978-0-521-46226-6.
  9. Than Tun (1964). Studies in Burmese History (in Burmese). Vol 1. Yangon: Maha Dagon. pp. 136–137.
  10. Minahan, James B. (2014). Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia, p. 169. ISBN   978-1-61069-017-1.
  11. Duhem, Pierre (1913). "History of Physics". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  12. Geanakoplos, Deno John (1959). Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the West, 1258–1282: A Study in Byzantine-Latin Relations, p. 276. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. OCLC   101176343.
  13. Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. p. 356. ISBN   963-547-085-1.