Wind power in Indiana

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USA Indiana location map.svg
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Union City
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Headwaters
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Carthage
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Kokomo
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LaGrange
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Wildcat I
Wind power projects in Indiana
  Green pog.svg Operating
  Orange pog.svg Under construction
  Blue pog.svg Stand Alone Facilities

Wind power in Indiana was limited to a few small water-pumping windmills on farms until 2008 with construction of Indiana's first utility-scale wind power facility, Goodland (phase I) with a nameplate capacity of 130 MW. As of March of 2024, Indiana had a total of 2,743 MW of wind power capacity installed, ranking it 12th among U.S. states. [1] Wind power was responsible for 4.8% of in-state electricity production in 2016. [2]

Contents

The main utility-scale development up to 2016 has been in the northwest part of the state in Benton, White, and Jasper Counties. As of May 2017, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm was completed and has a final nameplate capacity of 750 MW, making it the Midwest's largest wind farm, and one of the largest in the world. Wind energy growth in Indiana continues, with 15 projects currently online, continually increasing the total installed capacity of the state. [3] [4]

Installed capacity and wind resources

The following table compares the growth in wind power installed nameplate capacity in MW for Indiana and the entire United States from 2007 through 2019. [5] [6] [7]

YearIndianaUS
2007016,907
2008130.525,410
20091,03634,863
20101,339.240,267
20111,34046,916
20121,54360,005
20131,54461,107
20141,74565,880
20151,89574,471
20161,89582,171
20172,11789,078
20182,31796,487
20192,317105,583
20202,968122,478
Installed capacity by state as of 2018 (animated map of installed capacity growth) U.S. Installed Wind Power Capacity- 2018.svg
Installed capacity by state as of 2018 (animated map of installed capacity growth)
Average annual wind power density map for Indiana at 50m above ground Indiana wind resource map 50m 800.jpg
Average annual wind power density map for Indiana at 50m above ground

As of 2017 the state of Indiana ranks 12th in installed wind capacity and number of wind turbines with 1,897 MW and 1,096 turbines, respectively. Together, these yield 4.82% of the total in-state electricity production (~4,368,000 MWh or enough to power ~453,000 homes). [8] [3] To put this number into perspective, Indiana consumed 104.514 TWh of electricity in 2015. However, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory predicts wind energy growth in Indiana, stating the wind potential (from turbines with an 80 m hub height) could reach levels upwards of 40,259 MW by 2030. This predicted potential growth is starting to materialize now, with 15 wind projects currently online in the state. [3]

Indiana also has some offshore wind resources in the shallows of Lake Michigan along its shoreline. [9] [10] [11] However, offshore wind power development is far behind onshore development in the United States generally, because onshore development is cheaper and the United States has an abundance of suitable onshore sites to develop. Indiana has no offshore wind farms as of 2024.

Wind generation

Indiana Wind Generation in 2015
Wind power in Indiana
Indiana Wind Generation (GWh, Million kWh)
YearTotalJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
20082392627181417374357
20091,404491091331619469436445145220272
20102,93527118722531622115711991246342396364
20113,2863153903774292702038283164246432295
20123,21141630737438621218411394162328242394
20133,48145027633439630318413892155297449405
20143,495415252323388304190167101158325507366
20154,516411413424425365272176165214517554580
20164,898656572510451402279164148241460477538
20175,090476484521515429349179171228523587628
20185,438768512617465423276223260272518508596
20196,217663594649712498427260232346562545729
20206,287632596651633505366194162357581800810
20217,899661722894723588576350360660621807937
20229,7679561,0231,0371,0128545544694165049091,054979
20232,9769059691,102

  Teal background indicates the largest wind generation month for the year.

  Green background indicates the largest wind generation month to date.

Source: [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]

As this graph indicates, Indiana generally tends to have more steady wind from Fall to Spring months, evidenced by the fact that even in Southern Indiana, wind chill is a common factor of outside conditions. October and November, for example often see large variances in temperature, causing more days of strong gusty winds, thereby generating more wind electricity production. The same happens in March and April. But often in the Summer months the air tends to stagnate, resulting in less wind electricity production.

Wind farms


The following table of wind farms and utility-scale wind power developments uses data from the AWEA, [5] the State of Indiana, [17] and other sources. For the larger projects constructed in phases, the table lists separate information for each phase. The name of each wind farm is the name used by the energy company when referring to the farm. The Wind Farm suffix is implied and hence removed for brevity. For more details and references for each wind farm, see its article.

Wind farmCounty(s)CoordinatesTurbine modelPower per turbine (MW)No. of TurbinesTotal Nameplate Capacity (MW)OnlineDeveloperOperatorPower purchaser
Benton County phase I Benton 40°41′10″N87°24′29″W / 40.686°N 87.408°W / 40.686; -87.408 ("Benton County Wind Farm phase I") GE sl/sle Gen4 1.587130.52008-04 Orion Energy Orion Energy Duke, Vectren
Black River Gibson, Posey 65(Proposed)
Fowler Ridge phase I VestasBenton 40°36′29″N87°19′12″W / 40.608°N 87.320°W / 40.608; -87.320 ("Fowler Ridge Wind Farm phase I Vestas") Vestas V821.65182300.32009-04 BP, Dominion BP, Dominion AEP, Dominion
Fowler Ridge phase I ClipperBenton 40°36′29″N87°19′12″W / 40.608°N 87.320°W / 40.608; -87.320 ("Fowler Ridge Wind Farm phase I Clipper") Clipper 2.52.5401002009-04BP, DominionBP, DominionAEP, Dominion
Fowler Ridge phase IIBenton 40°36′29″N87°19′12″W / 40.608°N 87.320°W / 40.608; -87.320 ("Fowler Ridge Wind Farm phase II") GE sl/sle Gen4 1.5133199.52009-12BP, DominionBP, DominionAEP, Vectren
Headwaters Randolph Vestas V1102100200December 2014 EDP Renewables North America EDP Renewables North America Indiana Michigan Power
Hoosier Benton 40°36′N87°19′W / 40.6°N 87.32°W / 40.6; -87.32 ("Hoosier Wind Farm") REpower 2531062009-08 IPL, enXco IPL, enXcoIPL
Indiana Crossroads IWhiteVestas V1504.272302.42021-12EDP Renewables North America, NIPSCOEDP Renewables North America, NIPSCO
Indiana Crossroads IIWhiteNordex N1554.842201.62023-12EDP Renewables North America, NIPSCOEDP Renewables North America, NIPSCO
Jordan CreekBenton, WarrenGE 2.3, 2.52, 2.6, 2.822.3, 2.52, 2.6, 2.82146398.682020-12NextEraNextEraNIPSCO
Meadow Lake phase I White 40°36′04″N86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase I") Vestas V821.65121199.65October 2009 Horizon Wind Energy EDP Renewables North America AEP, wholesale market
Meadow Lake phase IIWhite 40°36′04″N86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase II") Acciona 1.56699June 2010Horizon Wind EnergyEDP Renewables North America
Meadow Lake phase IIIWhite 40°36′04″N86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase III") GE 1.569103.5October 2010Horizon Wind EnergyEDP Renewables North America
Meadow Lake phase IVWhite 40°36′04″N86°51′54″W / 40.601°N 86.865°W / 40.601; -86.865 ("Meadow Lake Wind Farm phase IV") Suzlon 2.14798.7October 2010Horizon Wind EnergyEDP Renewables North America
Prairie Breeze Tipton 40°21′40″N86°09′07″W / 40.361°N 86.152°W / 40.361; -86.152 ("Prairie Breeze Wind Farm") 1.694(Cancelled) [18] Juwi
RosewaterWhite VestasV136 and V1503.6 and 4.225102November 2020NiSourceEDP Renewables North America/NIPSCONIPSCO
Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation Randolph 40°12′04″N84°48′54″W / 40.201°N 84.815°W / 40.201; -84.815 ("Union City/Randolph Eastern School Corporation") Nordic Windpower 1222010-02Performance ServicesUnion City, Randolph Eastern School Corporation AEP
Wildcat phase I Madison, Tipton 40°21′07″N85°52′55″W / 40.352°N 85.882°W / 40.352; -85.882 ("Wildcat Wind Farm phase I") GE 1.61252002012-10 E.ON E.ON AEP
Wildcat phase II Grant, Howard 40°28′48″N85°51′36″W / 40.480°N 85.860°W / 40.480; -85.860 ("Wildcat Wind Farm phase II") 40-60(proposed)E.ON
Wildcat phase IIITipton40-75(proposed)E.ON
Wildcat phase IVTipton(proposed)E.ON

Single-unit turbines

In addition to the above wind farms, single stand-alone units have also been built in multiple other locations, mostly at schools. Some of these units were placed to test the environment for future wind energy development. [19] [20] [21]

LocationCountyOwnerWind speed
(m/s)
Power
(Kw)
Akron Kosciusko Tippecanoe Valley School Corporation 6.5 m/s (14.5 mph)900
Middletown Henry Shenandoah School Corporation 900
Carthage Shelby 7.7 / 99m
Haubstadt Gibson South Gibson School Corporation 6.1 / 99m
Kokomo Howard Northwestern School Corporation 7.0 / 99m
LaGrange LaGrange 7.0 / 99m
Francesville Pulaski West Central School Corporation 6.9900

Environmental impact

According to the USDOE, each 1000 MW of wind power capacity installed in Indiana will annually save 1,684 million gallons of water and eliminate 3.1 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. [22]

For comparison, Indiana emitted a total of 1,883 lbs/MWh of carbon dioxide in 2015. [23] [24]

As of March 2010 Indiana lacked a renewable energy standard, unlike several other midwestern states: Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri and Iowa. [25] Nevertheless, Indiana's wind power development had outpaced that of Ohio and Michigan.

Government policies and initiatives

The Indiana State government, along with the Federal Government, has put many incentives in place for the use of wind energy. The three main categories of incentives are 1) utility, 2) state, and 3) federal.

Utility

Utility incentives target customers that have their own small wind energy systems (no greater than 1 MW). These incentives consist of 1) Net Metering and 2) Feed in Tariff (FIT) incentives. Net metering allows the utility company to track the energy the wind system produces and customers can then use that energy as a credit on their bills. The FIT program, only adopted by the utility company Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), pays their customers per kWh of energy produced by their wind turbine, opposed to offering a credit. Currently NIPSCO mandates a rate of $0.17/kWh for systems less than or equal to 100 kW and $0.10/kWh for systems 100 kW-2MW. [26]

State

State-level incentives consist of the 1) Renewable Energy Property Tax Exemption and 2) Indiana Sales Tax Incentive for Electrical Generating Equipment. The renewable energy exemption states that the assessed value of any wind system installed after December 31, 2011 is eligible for property tax exemption pending the completion of state form 18865. The sales tax incentive states that the equipment used to produce renewable electricity are eligible for a sales tax exemption. The state of Indiana also implemented a voluntary Clean Energy Portfolio Standard (CPS) in May 2011. The CPS set a goal for the state to have 10% of its electric generation come from clean energy by 2025. [26]

Federal

Federal Incentives include 1) The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP), 2) Business Energy Investment Tax Credit, and 3) Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit. The REAP program provides grants to agricultural producers and rural businesses for projects that yield more energy efficiency and renewable energy. The Business Energy Tax Credit, as of 9/18/2017, is only available to large wind turbines (greater than 100 kW in capacity) and will expire 12/31/2019. The credit is currently at a rate of 24% of invested expenditures with no credit cap. The Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit is similar to the Business Investment credit except only small turbines qualify (cannot exceed 100 kW). As of 9/18/2017, the tax credit is at 30% with no max. This credit will also expire 12/31/2019. [26]

See also

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References

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