Shelby County, Indiana

For other uses, see Shelby County (disambiguation).

Shelby County
County
Shelby County Courthouse in Shelbyville
Location within the U.S. state of Indiana
Indiana's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°31′N85°47′W / 39.52°N 85.79°W / 39.52; -85.79
Country	United States
State	Indiana
Founded	December 31, 1821 (authorized) 1822 (organized)
Named for	Isaac Shelby
Seat	Shelbyville
Largest city	Shelbyville
Area
• Total	412.76 sq mi (1,069.0 km2)
• Land	411.15 sq mi (1,064.9 km2)
• Water	1.61 sq mi (4.2 km2)  0.39%
Population  (2020)
• Total	45,055
• Estimate  (2023)	45,231
• Density	110/sq mi (42/km2)
Time zone	UTC−5 (Eastern)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district	6th
Website	www.co.shelby.in.us
Indiana county number 48

Shelby County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 45,055. ^[1] The county seat (and only incorporated city) is Shelbyville. ^[2]

History

After the American Revolutionary War established US sovereignty over the territory of the upper midwest, the new federal government defined the Northwest Territory in 1787, which included the area of present-day Indiana. In 1800, Congress separated Ohio from the Northwest Territory, designating the rest of the land as the Indiana Territory. President Thomas Jefferson chose William Henry Harrison as the governor of the territory, and Vincennes was established as the capital. After the Michigan Territory was separated and the Illinois Territory was formed, Indiana was reduced to its current size and geography. By December 1816 the Indiana Territory was admitted to the Union as a state.

The Native people who inhabited these areas prior to arrival of European settlers were generally resistant to the loss of their lands. As settlers pushed into the area, treaties signed by some leaders with United States representatives ceded large areas of their territory to the US. Starting in 1794, Native American titles to Indiana lands were extinguished by usurpation, purchase, or war and treaty. The United States acquired land from the Native Americans in the 1809 treaty of Fort Wayne, and by the treaty of St. Mary's in 1818, which included the future Shelby County.

The Indiana State Legislature passed a bill on December 31, 1821, that authorized the creation of four counties, ^[3] including Shelby. On July 1, 1822, the county was organized, beginning with selecting a site for the county seat. ^[4]

The new county was named for Gen. Isaac Shelby, who defeated the British at the Battle of Kings Mountain in the Revolutionary War. Shelby then became the first Governor of Kentucky. During the War of 1812, he led the army of Kentucky into Canada, and defeated the British at the decisive Battle of the Thames in 1813.

Geography

The low, rolling hills of Shelby County are lightly carved by drainages, but are otherwise completely devoted to agriculture or urban development. The western edge of the county is drained by Sugar Creek, flowing south-southwestward into Johnson County. The central and SW parts of the county are drained by Big Blue River, flowing south-southwestward into Johnson County. The lower part of the county is drained by Flatrock River, flowing southwestward into Bartholomew County. ^[5] The terrain slopes to the southwest, with its highest elevations (930 feet/280 meters ASL) along the eastern part of its northern border with Hancock County. ^[6] According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 412.76 square miles (1,069.0 km²), of which 411.15 square miles (1,064.9 km²) (or 99.61%) is land and 1.61 square miles (4.2 km²) (or 0.39%) is water. ^[7]

City and towns

• Edinburgh (part)
• Fairland
• Morristown
• St. Paul (part)
• Shelbyville (city/county seat)

Unincorporated communities

• Beech Brook
• Bengal
• Blue Ridge
• Boggstown
• Brookfield
• Candleglo Village
• Clover Village
• Fenns
• Flat Rock
• Fountaintown
• Freeport
• Geneva
• Green Meadows
• Gwynneville
• Knighthood Grove
• Knighthood Village
• Lewis Creek
• London
• London Heights
• Marietta
• Marion
• Meiks
• Meltzer
• Middletown
• Morven
• Mount Auburn
• Norristown
• Pleasant View
• Pleasure Valley
• Prescott
• Rays Crossing
• Rolling Ridge
• Sleepy Hollow
• Smithland
• Sugar Creek
• Waldron (census-designated place)
• Walkerville
• Wilson Corner

Townships

• Addison
• Brandywine
• Hanover
• Hendricks
• Jackson
• Liberty
• Marion
• Moral
• Noble
• Shelby
• Sugar Creek
• Union
• Van Buren
• Washington

Adjacent counties

• Hancock County - north
• Rush County - east
• Decatur County - southeast
• Bartholomew County - south
• Johnson County - west
• Marion County - northwest

Major highways

• Interstate 65
• Interstate 74
• U.S. Route 52
• U.S. Route 421
• Indiana State Road 9
• Indiana State Road 44
• Indiana State Road 244
• Indiana State Road 252

Climate and weather

Shelbyville, Indiana
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     2.4     35 18     2.4     40 22     3.4     51 31     3.9     63 41     4.5     73 52     3.9     82 61     4     86 65     3.5     84 63     2.7     78 55     2.8     66 43     3.6     52 35     2.8     40 24 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source: The Weather Channel [8]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     60     2 −8     60     4 −6     87     11 −1     100     17 5     114     23 11     100     28 16     102     30 18     89     29 17     70     26 13     72     19 6     90     11 2     71     4 −4 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in Shelbyville have ranged from a low of 18 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 86 °F (30 °C) in July, although a record low of −25 °F (−32 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 105 °F (41 °C) was recorded in July 1954. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.38 inches (60 mm) in January to 4.47 inches (114 mm) in May. ^[8]

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 44,436 people, 17,302 households, and 12,221 families in the county. ^[9] The population density was 108.1 inhabitants per square mile (41.7/km²). There were 19,080 housing units at an average density of 46.4 per square mile (17.9/km²). ^[7] The racial makeup of the county was 95.4% white, 1.0% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 1.6% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.7% of the population. ^[9] In terms of ancestry, 28.5% were German, 13.1% were American, 12.2% were Irish, and 9.0% were English. ^[10]

Of the 17,302 households, 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.4% were non-families, and 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 39.9 years. ^[9]

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $60,824. Males had a median income of $46,325 versus $32,416 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,398. About 7.4% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.7% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over. ^[11]

Government

See also: Government of Indiana

The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.

County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes. ^{[12] [13]}

Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute the acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government. ^{[12] [13]}

Court: Three State Trial Courts sit in the Courthouse located at 407 S. Harrison Street, Shelbyville, Indiana 46176. Shelby Circuit Court was established by the Indiana Constitution. Shelby Superior Courts 1 and 2 were created by Acts of the Legislature. Shelby Superior Court 2 handles the small claims. Cases are allocated between the Courts by Local Court Rules. The judges of the Shelby Circuit and Superior Courts are elected to six (6) year terms and must be admitted to practice law in the State of Indiana. Appeals from Shelby County Trial Courts are made to the Indiana Court of Appeals.

County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officials are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare party affiliations and to be residents of the county. ^[13]

Political culture

United States presidential election results for Shelby County, Indiana ^[14]

Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	14,438	73.09%	4,955	25.08%	361	1.83%
2020	14,568	72.78%	5,023	25.09%	426	2.13%
2016	12,718	70.34%	4,247	23.49%	1,115	6.17%
2012	10,978	65.50%	5,359	31.97%	423	2.52%
2008	10,333	58.70%	6,987	39.69%	282	1.60%
2004	11,397	71.11%	4,519	28.20%	111	0.69%
2000	9,590	62.64%	5,374	35.10%	346	2.26%
1996	7,778	51.37%	5,374	35.49%	1,990	13.14%
1992	8,075	49.81%	4,560	28.13%	3,576	22.06%
1988	10,176	65.14%	5,382	34.45%	63	0.40%
1984	11,056	66.92%	5,357	32.42%	109	0.66%
1980	10,496	61.20%	5,861	34.17%	793	4.62%
1976	8,918	55.22%	7,098	43.95%	134	0.83%
1972	10,794	72.44%	4,028	27.03%	78	0.52%
1968	8,574	52.84%	5,417	33.38%	2,235	13.77%
1964	7,310	44.42%	9,078	55.17%	67	0.41%
1960	9,421	56.75%	7,111	42.83%	70	0.42%
1956	9,170	58.00%	6,561	41.50%	80	0.51%
1952	8,961	57.18%	6,552	41.81%	158	1.01%
1948	6,068	45.54%	6,992	52.48%	264	1.98%
1944	6,816	49.63%	6,798	49.50%	119	0.87%
1940	7,216	47.02%	8,015	52.22%	117	0.76%
1936	6,026	40.95%	8,552	58.11%	139	0.94%
1932	5,410	38.05%	8,552	60.14%	257	1.81%
1928	7,516	56.14%	5,790	43.24%	83	0.62%
1924	6,664	51.52%	5,976	46.20%	296	2.29%
1920	6,336	47.15%	6,845	50.94%	256	1.91%
1916	3,201	42.90%	3,900	52.27%	360	4.83%
1912	1,254	17.34%	3,432	47.47%	2,544	35.19%
1908	3,529	44.54%	4,035	50.93%	359	4.53%
1904	3,660	48.21%	3,550	46.76%	382	5.03%
1900	3,291	44.76%	3,846	52.31%	216	2.94%
1896	3,219	44.62%	3,828	53.06%	167	2.31%
1892	2,664	40.65%	3,490	53.26%	399	6.09%
1888	2,877	44.41%	3,409	52.62%	192	2.96%

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1830	6,295		—
1840	12,005		90.7%
1850	15,502		29.1%
1860	19,569		26.2%
1870	21,892		11.9%
1880	25,257		15.4%
1890	25,454		0.8%
1900	26,491		4.1%
1910	26,802		1.2%
1920	25,982		−3.1%
1930	26,552		2.2%
1940	25,953		−2.3%
1950	28,026		8.0%
1960	34,093		21.6%
1970	37,797		10.9%
1980	39,887		5.5%
1990	40,307		1.1%
2000	43,445		7.8%
2010	44,436		2.3%
2020	45,055		1.4%
2023 (est.)	45,231	[15]	0.4%
US Decennial Census [16] 1790-1960 [17] 1900-1990 [18] 1990-2000 [19] 2010 [20]

Education

School districts include: ^[21]

• Decatur County Community Schools
• Northwestern Consolidated School Corporation
• Shelby Eastern Schools
• Shelbyville Central Schools
• Southwestern Shelby County Consolidated Schools

Notable people

• Isaac Colton Ash, Los Angeles, California, City Council member, 1925–27
• George W. Clarke, governor of Iowa, 1913–1917
• Edith Jones Woodward, astronomer, born in Waldron in 1914
• Kid Quill, hip hop/rap

See also

• National Register of Historic Places listings in Shelby County, Indiana

References

1. "Shelby County, Indiana". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved June 7, 2023.
2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
3. The counties authorized on December 31, 1821, were Henry, Marion, Rush, and Shelby.
4. Shelby County Indiana History (1876), pp. 6-9 (accessed 14 August 2020)
5. Shelby County IN (Google Maps, accessed 14 August 2020)
6. Shelby County High Point, Indiana (PeakBagger.com, accessed 14 August 2020)
7. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
8. "Monthly Averages for Shelbyville IN". The Weather Channel. Retrieved January 27, 2011.
9. "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
10. "Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
11. "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 14, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2015.
12. Indiana Code. "Title 36, Article 2, Section 3". IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
13. Indiana Code. "Title 2, Article 10, Section 2" (PDF). IN.gov. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
14. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org.
15. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
16. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
17. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
18. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
19. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
20. "Shelby County QuickFacts". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
21. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Shelby County, IN" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved October 18, 2024. - Text list

• Young, Julie (2010). A brief history of Shelby County, Indiana. Charleston SC: History Press. ISBN   978-1-59629-846-0.

39°31′N85°47′W / 39.52°N 85.79°W / 39.52; -85.79