February 1, 1821 (organized)"},"seat wl":{"wt":"Liberty"},"largest city":{"wt":"Liberty"},"city type":{"wt":"town"},"area_total_sq_mi":{"wt":"165.18"},"area_land_sq_mi":{"wt":"161.22"},"area_water_sq_mi":{"wt":"3.95"},"area percentage":{"wt":"2.39%"},"census yr":{"wt":"2020"},"pop":{"wt":"7087"},"density_sq_mi":{"wt":"43.6"},"time zone":{"wt":"Eastern"},"footnotes":{"wt":"Indiana county number 81"},"web":{"wt":"www.unioncountyin.gov"},"named for":{"wt":""},"district":{"wt":"6th"},"ex image":{"wt":"Union County Courthouse, Liberty, IN (48490910786).jpg"},"ex image cap":{"wt":"Union County Courthouse in Liberty"}},"i":0}}]}" id="mwBw">County in Indiana
Union County | |
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Coordinates: 39°37′N84°55′W / 39.62°N 84.92°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Indiana |
Founded | January 5, 1821 (created) February 1, 1821 (organized) |
Seat | Liberty |
Largest town | Liberty |
Area | |
• Total | 165.18 sq mi (427.8 km2) |
• Land | 161.22 sq mi (417.6 km2) |
• Water | 3.95 sq mi (10.2 km2) 2.39% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 7,087 |
• Density | 43.6/sq mi (16.8/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
Congressional district | 6th |
Website | www |
Indiana county number 81 |
Union County is a county in the U.S. state of Indiana. As of the 2020 United States census, the population was 7,087. [1] The county seat is Liberty. [2]
Since 2018, Union County has been included in the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located on the Indiana-Ohio border.
Prior to cession to the United States government, this area belonged to and was inhabited by peoples of the Chippewa, Delaware, Eel River, Kaskaskia, Kickapoo, Miami, Ottawa, Piankishaw, Potawatomi, Shawnee, Wea, and Wyandot tribes. [3]
The future state of Indiana was first regulated by passage of the Northwest Ordinance in 1787. In 1790 the Territory was divided into two counties, with Knox covering much of present-day Indiana. The area later known as Union County was included in lands ceded to the U.S. government in two treaties: in 1795 with the Treaty of Greenville [4] and in 1809 with the Treaty of Fort Wayne. [5]
In 1810, a portion of Knox was partitioned to create Wayne County; in 1811 a portion further south was partitioned to create Franklin. The area between those two counties was partitioned in 1818 to create Fayette; by the 1820s the eastern part of Fayette County was sufficiently populated to warrant separate representation. Thus on January 5, 1821, the state legislature authorized the creation of Union County, with areas ceded from Wayne County, Fayette County and Franklin County. The organization of the new county's governing structure began on February 1, 1821. [6]
It was so named because it united parts of Fayette, Franklin and Wayne counties. The first non-native settlers were from Laurens District, South Carolina. John Templeton was the first settler to enter land at the Cincinnati land office in what would become Harmony Township, Union County, Indiana. The first county seat was Brownsville, a small community on the East Fork of the Whitewater River. The seat was moved in 1824 to Liberty, a central location. The primary industry of Union County was and is farming.
Union County lies on the east side of Indiana; its east border abuts the state of Ohio. Its low rolling hills have now been cleared of timber, although drainage areas are still largely brush-filled. The area is devoted to agricultural or recreational uses. [7] The highest point on the terrain (1,140 feet/350 meters ASL) is a rise near the county's north border, 1.0 mile (1.6 km) ENE from Witts Station. [8]
Silver Creek flows southwestward through the northeastern part of the county, discharging into Whitewater Lake. The East Fork of Whitewater River flows southward through the upper western part of the county, discharging into Brookville Lake. The lower part of the county is drained by Dubois Creek, flowing westward into Brookville Lake. [7]
According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 165.18 square miles (427.8 km2), of which 161.22 square miles (417.6 km2) (or 97.60%) is land and 3.95 square miles (10.2 km2) (or 2.39%) is water. [9]
Quakertown State Recreation Area
Liberty, Indiana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In recent years, average temperatures in Liberty have ranged from a low of 17 °F (−8 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 104 °F (40 °C) was recorded in September 1951. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.68 inches (68 mm) in September to 4.90 inches (124 mm) in May. [10]
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the Constitution of Indiana, and by the Indiana Code.
County Council: The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes. [11] [12]
Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county. Commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage county government. [11] [12]
Court: The county maintains a circuit court that can handle all case types. The judge of the court is elected to a term of six years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level appeals court. [12]
County Officials: The county has other elected offices, including sheriff, coroner, auditor, treasurer, recorder, surveyor, and circuit court clerk. These officers are elected to four-year terms. People elected to county government positions are required to be residents of the county. [12]
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2024 | 2,698 | 77.22% | 746 | 21.35% | 50 | 1.43% |
2020 | 2,688 | 76.98% | 736 | 21.08% | 68 | 1.95% |
2016 | 2,445 | 73.76% | 715 | 21.57% | 155 | 4.68% |
2012 | 2,022 | 65.14% | 1,018 | 32.80% | 64 | 2.06% |
2008 | 2,061 | 61.43% | 1,224 | 36.48% | 70 | 2.09% |
2004 | 2,266 | 67.76% | 1,045 | 31.25% | 33 | 0.99% |
2000 | 1,838 | 64.99% | 927 | 32.78% | 63 | 2.23% |
1996 | 1,334 | 48.86% | 1,019 | 37.33% | 377 | 13.81% |
1992 | 1,394 | 46.97% | 898 | 30.26% | 676 | 22.78% |
1988 | 1,814 | 65.49% | 946 | 34.15% | 10 | 0.36% |
1984 | 1,970 | 70.36% | 816 | 29.14% | 14 | 0.50% |
1980 | 1,766 | 63.53% | 898 | 32.30% | 116 | 4.17% |
1976 | 1,631 | 58.25% | 1,160 | 41.43% | 9 | 0.32% |
1972 | 2,043 | 72.50% | 765 | 27.15% | 10 | 0.35% |
1968 | 1,691 | 56.01% | 920 | 30.47% | 408 | 13.51% |
1964 | 1,531 | 50.95% | 1,463 | 48.69% | 11 | 0.37% |
1960 | 2,087 | 63.73% | 1,180 | 36.03% | 8 | 0.24% |
1956 | 2,026 | 63.47% | 1,157 | 36.25% | 9 | 0.28% |
1952 | 2,159 | 67.24% | 1,029 | 32.05% | 23 | 0.72% |
1948 | 1,859 | 63.25% | 1,049 | 35.69% | 31 | 1.05% |
1944 | 1,998 | 63.05% | 1,154 | 36.42% | 17 | 0.54% |
1940 | 2,009 | 58.35% | 1,415 | 41.10% | 19 | 0.55% |
1936 | 1,630 | 49.20% | 1,662 | 50.17% | 21 | 0.63% |
1932 | 1,658 | 50.41% | 1,587 | 48.25% | 44 | 1.34% |
1928 | 2,101 | 65.99% | 1,069 | 33.57% | 14 | 0.44% |
1924 | 1,907 | 58.77% | 1,284 | 39.57% | 54 | 1.66% |
1920 | 1,984 | 58.30% | 1,375 | 40.41% | 44 | 1.29% |
1916 | 997 | 52.95% | 826 | 43.87% | 60 | 3.19% |
1912 | 643 | 35.88% | 705 | 39.34% | 444 | 24.78% |
1908 | 1,066 | 54.25% | 808 | 41.12% | 91 | 4.63% |
1904 | 1,156 | 57.51% | 758 | 37.71% | 96 | 4.78% |
1900 | 1,060 | 52.68% | 897 | 44.58% | 55 | 2.73% |
1896 | 1,118 | 54.06% | 915 | 44.25% | 35 | 1.69% |
1892 | 981 | 51.80% | 839 | 44.30% | 74 | 3.91% |
1888 | 1,108 | 54.74% | 868 | 42.89% | 48 | 2.37% |
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1830 | 7,944 | — | |
1840 | 8,017 | 0.9% | |
1850 | 6,944 | −13.4% | |
1860 | 7,109 | 2.4% | |
1870 | 6,341 | −10.8% | |
1880 | 7,673 | 21.0% | |
1890 | 7,006 | −8.7% | |
1900 | 6,748 | −3.7% | |
1910 | 6,260 | −7.2% | |
1920 | 6,021 | −3.8% | |
1930 | 5,880 | −2.3% | |
1940 | 6,017 | 2.3% | |
1950 | 6,412 | 6.6% | |
1960 | 6,457 | 0.7% | |
1970 | 6,582 | 1.9% | |
1980 | 6,860 | 4.2% | |
1990 | 6,976 | 1.7% | |
2000 | 7,349 | 5.3% | |
2010 | 7,516 | 2.3% | |
2020 | 7,087 | −5.7% | |
2023 (est.) | 6,973 | [14] | −1.6% |
US Decennial Census [15] 1790–1960 [16] 1900–1990 [17] 1990–2000 [18] 2010–2013 [1] |
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 7,516 people, 2,938 households, and 2,117 families in the county. [19] The population density was 46.6 inhabitants per square mile (18.0/km2). There were 3,239 housing units at an average density of 20.1 per square mile (7.8/km2). [9] The racial makeup of the county was 97.5% white, 0.4% black or African American, 0.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.3% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.1% of the population. [19] In terms of ancestry, 26.2% were German, 16.0% were Irish, 11.9% were English, and 11.6% were American. [20]
Of the 2,938 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.9% were non-families, and 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 2.99. The median age was 40.3 years. [19]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $49,815. Males had a median income of $39,603 versus $27,394 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,243. About 8.2% of families and 11.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over. [21]
All of Union County is served by the Union County–College Corner Joint School District, the only joint state school district in the state. [22]
Franklin County is a county on the eastern border of the U.S. state of Indiana. In the 2020 United States Census, the county population was 22,785. The county seat is the town of Brookville. Franklin County is part of the Cincinnati, OH–KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area. The only incorporated city in Franklin County is Batesville, which lies mostly in adjoining Ripley County.
Fayette County is one of 92 counties in U.S. state of Indiana located in the east central portion of the state. As of 2020, the population was 23,398. Most of the county is rural; land use is farms, pasture and unincorporated woodland. The county seat and only incorporated town is Connersville, which holds a majority of the county's population.
Connersville is a city in Fayette County, Indiana, United States, 66 miles (106 km) east by southeast of Indianapolis. The population was 13,324 at the 2020 census. The city is the county seat of and the largest and only incorporated town in Fayette County. The city is in the center of a large rural area of east central Indiana; the nearest significant city is Richmond, 26 miles (42 km) to the northeast by road. Connersville is home to the county's only high school. The local economy relies on manufacturing, retail, and healthcare to sustain itself. However, there has been a consistent decline in both employment and population since the 1960s, placing it among the least affluent areas in the state, as indicated by measures such as median household income and other economic indicators.
Greenville is a city in and the county seat of Darke County, Ohio, United States. It is located near Ohio's western edge, about 33 miles (53 km) northwest of Dayton. The population was 12,786 at the 2020 census.
Canal Fulton is a city in western Stark County, Ohio, United States, along the Tuscarawas River. The population was 5,325 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Canton–Massillon metropolitan area.
The Treaty of Greenville, also known to Americans as the Treaty with the Wyandots, etc., but formally titled A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias was a 1795 treaty between the United States and indigenous nations of the Northwest Territory, including the Wyandot and Delaware peoples, that redefined the boundary between indigenous peoples' lands and territory for European American community settlement.
The Wea were a Miami–Illinois-speaking Native American tribe originally located in western Indiana. Historically, they were described as being either closely related to the Miami tribe or a sub-tribe of Miami.
The Treaty of St. Mary's may refer to one of six treaties concluded in fall of 1818 between the United States and Natives of central Indiana regarding purchase of Native land. The treaties were
The Treaty of Fort Wayne, sometimes called the Ten O'clock Line Treaty or the Twelve Mile Line Treaty, is an 1809 treaty that obtained 29,719,530 acres of Native American land for the settlers of Illinois and Indiana. The negotiations primarily involved the Delaware tribe but included other tribes as well. However, the negotiations excluded the Shawnee, who were minor inhabitants of the area and had previously been asked to leave by Miami War Chief Little Turtle. Territorial Governor William Henry Harrison negotiated the treaty with the tribes. The treaty led to a war with the United States begun by Shawnee leader Tecumseh and other dissenting tribesmen in what came to be called "Tecumseh's War".
The Piankeshaw, Piankashaw or Pianguichia were members of the Miami tribe who lived apart from the rest of the Miami nation, therefore they were known as Peeyankihšiaki. When European settlers arrived in the region in the 1600s, the Piankeshaw lived in an area along the south central Wabash River that now includes western Indiana and Illinois. Their territory was to the north of Kickapoo and the south of the Wea. They were closely allied with the Wea, another group of Miamis. The Piankashaw were living along the Vermilion River in 1743.
Red Hills State Park is an Illinois state park on 967 acres (391 ha) in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. The park sits at an elevation of 515 feet (157 m). Red Hills State Park is open for year-round recreation including boating, fishing, hunting, hiking and various winter sports. The park includes a restaurant which is open year-round and has banquet facilities.
Brownsville Township is one of six townships in Union County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 744 and it contained 332 housing units.
Indian removals in Indiana followed a series of the land cession treaties made between 1795 and 1846 that led to the removal of most of the native tribes from Indiana. Some of the removals occurred prior to 1830, but most took place between 1830 and 1846. The Lenape (Delaware), Piankashaw, Kickapoo, Wea, and Shawnee were removed in the 1820s and 1830s, but the Potawatomi and Miami removals in the 1830s and 1840s were more gradual and incomplete, and not all of Indiana's Native Americans voluntarily left the state. The most well-known resistance effort in Indiana was the forced removal of Chief Menominee and his Yellow River band of Potawatomi in what became known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death in 1838, in which 859 Potawatomi were removed to Kansas and at least forty died on the journey west. The Miami were the last to be removed from Indiana, but tribal leaders delayed the process until 1846. Many of the Miami were permitted to remain on land allotments guaranteed to them under the Treaty of St. Mary's (1818) and subsequent treaties.
Buck Creek State Park is a 4,016-acre (1,625 ha) public recreation area in Clark County, Ohio, in the United States, that is leased by the state of Ohio from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The state park's main feature is the C. J. Brown Reservoir, a flood control reservoir created by the USACE on Buck Creek as part of a flood control system in the Ohio River drainage basin. The park offers year-round recreation including camping, boating, hunting, fishing, swimming, picnicking, and hiking.
Treaty of Fort Wayne may refer to either of two treaties between the United States and Native American tribes signed at Fort Wayne in Indiana.
The Treaty of Fort Wayne was a treaty between the United States and several groups of Native Americans. The treaty was signed on June 7, 1803 and proclaimed December 26, 1803. It more precisely defined the boundaries of the Vincennes tract ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Greenville, 1795.
The Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas is one of three Federally recognized tribes of Kickapoo people. The other Kickapoo tribes in the United States are the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas and the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma. The Tribu Kikapú are a distinct subgroup of the Oklahoma Kickapoo and reside on a hacienda near Múzquiz Coahuila, Mexico; they also have a small band located in the Mexican states of Sonora and Durango.
Red Pole (Muscquaconocah) was an 18th-century Shawnee leader.