AMD PowerPlay

Last updated

AMD PowerPlay
Design firm Advanced Micro Devices
Type Dynamic frequency scaling

AMD PowerPlay is the brand name for a set of technologies for the reduction of the energy consumption implemented in several of AMD's graphics processing units and APUs supported by their proprietary graphics device driver "Catalyst". AMD PowerPlay is also implemented into ATI/AMD chipsets which integrated graphics and into AMD's Imageon handheld chipset, that was sold to Qualcomm in 2008.

Contents

Besides the desirable goal to reduce energy consumption, AMD PowerPlay helps to lower the noise levels created by the cooling in desktop computers and extend battery life in mobile devices. AMD PowerPlay has been succeeded by AMD PowerTune. [1]

History

The technology was first implemented in Mobility Radeon products for notebooks, to provide a set of features to lower the power consumption of the laptop computer. The technology consists of several technologies; examples include dynamic clock adjustments when the notebook is not plugged into a power socket and allowing different backlight brightness levels of the notebook LCD monitor. The technology was updated with the release of each generation of mobile GPUs. The latest release is ATI PowerPlay 7.0. [2]

Since the release of Radeon HD 3000 Series, PowerPlay was implemented to further reduce the power consumption of desktop GPUs.

Currently supported products

The official ATI support list [3] lists only the ATI Radeon 3800 series desktop cards, but PowerPlay is also a listed feature of all Radeon HD 3000/4000/5000 series products. Independent reviews indicated that the latter was already lower power compared to other 3D cards, so the addition of PowerPlay to that line was clearly intended to address an increasingly power, heat and noise conscious market. The ATI Radeon HD 2600 line – which does not support PowerPlay – was being phased out in favour of the 3000 series at the same price points that also support PCI Express 2.0, DirectX 10.1 and faster GDDR3 memory.

The entire ATI Radeon Xpress line is also supported for single board computers which tend to be power sensitive and used in large installations where configuration and boot image control are major concerns.

Support for "PowerPlay" was added to the Linux kernel driver "amdgpu" on November 11, 2015. [4]

Desktop versus laptop

The main difference between the desktop and laptop versions is that the desktop version cuts the features which are aimed at notebook usage, including variable LCD backlight brightness. The PowerPlay technology for Radeon desktop graphics features three usage scenarios: normal mode (2D mode), light gaming mode and intensive gaming mode (3D mode), replacing notebook scenarios (running on AC power or battery power). Tests indicated that the lowest core clock frequency of an RV670 GPU core can reach as low as 300 MHz with PowerPlay technology enabled. [5]

Feature overview for AMD APUs

The following table shows features of AMD's APUs (see also: List of AMD accelerated processing units).

[  VisualEditor  ]
PlatformHigh, standard and low powerLow and ultra-low power
CodenameServerBasic Toronto
Micro Kyoto
DesktopPerformance Renoir Cezanne
Mainstream Llano Trinity Richland Kaveri Kaveri Refresh (Godavari) Carrizo Bristol Ridge Raven Ridge Picasso
Entry
Basic Kabini
MobilePerformance Renoir Cezanne
Mainstream Llano Trinity Richland Kaveri Carrizo Bristol Ridge Raven Ridge Picasso
Entry Dalí
Basic Desna, Ontario, Zacate Kabini, Temash Beema, Mullins Carrizo-L Stoney Ridge
Embedded Trinity Bald Eagle Merlin Falcon,
Brown Falcon 		Great Horned Owl Grey Hawk Ontario, Zacate Kabini Steppe Eagle, Crowned Eagle,
LX-Family 		Prairie Falcon Banded Kestrel
ReleasedAug 2011Oct 2012Jun 2013Jan 20142015Jun 2015Jun 2016Oct 2017Jan 2019Mar 2020Jan 2021Jan 2011May 2013Apr 2014May 2015Feb 2016Apr 2019
CPU microarchitecture K10 Piledriver Steamroller Excavator "Excavator+" [6] Zen Zen+ Zen 2 Zen 3 Bobcat Jaguar Puma Puma+ [7] "Excavator+" Zen
ISA x86-64 x86-64
Socket DesktopHigh-endN/AN/A
MainstreamN/A AM4
Entry FM1 FM2 FM2+ [lower-alpha 1] N/A
BasicN/AN/A AM1 N/A
Other FS1 FS1+, FP2 FP3 FP4 FP5 FP6 FT1 FT3 FT3b FP4 FP5
PCI Express version2.03.02.03.0
Fab. (nm) GF 32SHP
(HKMG SOI)		GF 28SHP
(HKMG bulk)		GF 14LPP
(FinFET bulk)		GF 12LP
(FinFET bulk)		 TSMC N7
(FinFET bulk)		TSMC N40
(bulk)		TSMC N28
(HKMG bulk)		GF 28SHP
(HKMG bulk)		GF 14LPP
(FinFET bulk)
Die area (mm2)228246245245250210 [8] 15618075 (+ 28 FCH)107?125149
Min TDP (W)351712104.543.95106
Max APU TDP (W)10095651825
Max stock APU base clock (GHz)33.84.14.13.73.83.63.73.84.01.752.222.23.23.3
Max APUs per node [lower-alpha 2] 11
Max CPU [lower-alpha 3] cores per APU48242
Max threads per CPU core1212
i386, i486, i586, CMOV, NOPL, i686, PAE, NX bit, CMPXCHG16B, AMD-V, RVI, ABM, and 64-bit LAHF/SAHFYes check.svgYes check.svg
IOMMU [lower-alpha 4] N/AYes check.svg
BMI1, AES-NI, CLMUL, and F16C N/AYes check.svg
MOVBEN/AYes check.svg
AVIC, BMI2 and RDRAND N/AYes check.svg
ADX, SHA, RDSEED, SMAP, SMEP, XSAVEC, XSAVES, XRSTORS, CLFLUSHOPT, and CLZERON/AYes check.svgN/AYes check.svg
WBNOINVD, CLWB, RDPID, RDPRU, and MCOMMITN/AYes check.svgN/A
FPUs per core 10.5110.51
Pipes per FPU22
FPU pipe width128-bit256-bit80-bit128-bit
CPU instruction set SIMD level SSE4a [lower-alpha 5] AVX AVX2 SSSE3 AVX AVX2
3DNow! Yes check.svgYes check.svg
FMA4, LWP, TBM, and XOP N/AYes check.svgN/AN/AYes check.svgN/A
FMA3 Yes check.svgYes check.svg
L1 data cache per core (KiB)64163232
L1 data cache associativity (ways)2488
L1 instruction caches per core 10.5110.51
Max APU total L1 instruction cache (KiB)2561281922565126412896128
L1 instruction cache associativity (ways)234816234
L2 caches per core 10.5110.51
Max APU total L2 cache (MiB)424121
L2 cache associativity (ways)168168
APU total L3 cache (MiB)N/A4816N/A4
APU L3 cache associativity (ways)1616
L3 cache scheme Victim N/AVictimVictim
Max stock DRAM support DDR3-1866 DDR3-2133 DDR3-2133, DDR4-2400 DDR4-2400 DDR4-2933 DDR4-3200, LPDDR4-4266 DDR3L-1333 DDR3L-1600 DDR3L-1866 DDR3-1866, DDR4-2400 DDR4-2400
Max DRAM channels per APU212
Max stock DRAM bandwidth (GB/s) per APU29.86634.13238.40046.93268.256 ?10.66612.80014.93319.20038.400
GPU microarchitecture TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) GCN 2nd gen GCN 3rd gen GCN 5th gen [9] TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) GCN 2nd gen GCN 3rd gen [9] GCN 5th gen
GPU instruction set TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set
Max stock GPU base clock (MHz)60080084486611081250140021002100538600?8479001200
Max stock GPU base GFLOPS [lower-alpha 6] 480614.4648.1886.71134.517601971.22150.4 ?86???345.6460.8
3D engine [lower-alpha 7] Up to 400:20:8Up to 384:24:6Up to 512:32:8Up to 704:44:16 [10] Up to 512:32:880:8:4128:8:4Up to 192:?:?Up to 192:?:?
IOMMUv1 IOMMUv2 IOMMUv1?IOMMUv2
Video decoder UVD 3.0 UVD 4.2 UVD 6.0 VCN 1.0 [11] VCN 2.1 [12] VCN 2.2 [12] UVD 3.0 UVD 4.0 UVD 4.2 UVD 6.0 UVD 6.3 VCN 1.0
Video encoderN/A VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.1 N/A VCE 2.0 VCE 3.1
AMD Fluid MotionDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svgDark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
GPU power saving PowerPlay PowerTune PowerPlay PowerTune [13]
TrueAudio N/AYes check.svg [14] N/AYes check.svg
FreeSync 1
2		1
2
HDCP [lower-alpha 8] ?1.41.4
2.2		?1.41.4
2.2
PlayReady [lower-alpha 8] N/A3.0 not yetN/A3.0 not yet
Supported displays [lower-alpha 9] 2–32–433 (desktop)
4 (mobile, embedded)		4234
/drm/radeon [lower-alpha 10] [16] [17] Yes check.svgN/AYes check.svgN/A
/drm/amdgpu [lower-alpha 10] [18] N/AYes check.svg [19] Yes check.svgN/AYes check.svg [19] Yes check.svg
  1. ↑ For FM2+ Excavator models: A8-7680, A6-7480 & Athlon X4 845.
  2. ↑ A PC would be one node.
  3. ↑ An APU combines a CPU and a GPU. Both have cores.
  4. ↑ Requires firmware support.
  5. ↑ No SSE4. No SSSE3.
  6. ↑ Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
  7. ↑ Unified shaders  : texture mapping units  : render output units
  8. 1 2 To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  9. ↑ To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support. [15] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.
  10. 1 2 DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Feature overview for AMD graphics cards

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

[  VisualEditor  ]
Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage 128 R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands 		Southern
Islands 		Sea
Islands 		Volcanic
Islands 		Arctic
Islands/Polaris 		Vega Navi 1X Navi 2X
Released19861991199619971998Apr 2000Aug 2001Sep 2002May 2004Oct 2005May 2007Nov 2007Jun 2008Sep 2009Oct 2010Jan 2012Sep 2013Jun 2015Jun 2016Jun 2017Jul 2019Nov 2020
Marketing Name WonderMach3D RageRage ProRage 128Radeon 7000Radeon 8000Radeon 9000Radeon X700/X800Radeon X1000Radeon HD 2000Radeon HD 3000Radeon HD 4000Radeon HD 5000Radeon HD 6000Radeon HD 7000Radeon Rx 200Radeon Rx 300Radeon RX 400/500Radeon RX Vega/Radeon VII(7nm)Radeon RX 5000Radeon RX 6000
AMD supportDark Red x.svgYes check.svg
Kind2D3D
Instruction set Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set
Microarchitecture TeraScale 1 TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) GCN 1st gen GCN 2nd gen GCN 3rd gen GCN 4th gen GCN 5th gen RDNA RDNA 2
TypeFixed pipeline [lower-alpha 1] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model
Direct3D N/A5.06.07.08.19.0
11 (9_2)		9.0b
11 (9_2)		9.0c
11 (9_3)		10.0
11 (10_0)		10.1
11 (10_1)		11 (11_0)11 (11_1)
12 (11_1)		11 (12_0)
12 (12_0)		11 (12_1)
12 (12_1)		11 (12_1)
12 (12_2)
Shader model N/A1.42.0+2.0b3.04.04.15.05.15.1
6.3		6.46.5
OpenGL N/A1.11.21.32.1 [lower-alpha 2] [20] 3.3 4.5 (on Linux: 4.5 (Mesa 3D 21.0)) [21] [22] [23] [lower-alpha 3] 4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 3D 20.0))
Vulkan N/A1.0
(Win 7+ or Mesa 17+)		1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1, Linux Mesa 3D 20.0)
OpenCL N/A Close to Metal 1.1 (no Mesa 3D support)1.2 (on Linux: 1.1 (no Image support) with Mesa 3D)2.0 (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux: 1.1 (no Image support) with Mesa 3D, 2.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm)		2.02.1 [24]
HSA N/AYes check.svg?
Video decoding ASIC N/A Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7 [25] [lower-alpha 4] VCN 2.0 [25] [lower-alpha 4] VCN 3.0 [26]
Video encoding ASIC N/A VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0 [25] [lower-alpha 4]
Fluid Motion ASIC [lower-alpha 5] Dark Red x.svgYes check.svgDark Red x.svg
Power saving? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power ?
TrueAudio N/AVia dedicated DSP Via shaders?
FreeSync N/A1
2
HDCP [lower-alpha 6] ?1.41.4
2.2		1.4
2.2
2.3		?
PlayReady [lower-alpha 6] N/A3.0Dark Red x.svg3.0?
Supported displays [lower-alpha 7] 1–222–6?
Max. resolution ?2–6 ×
2560×1600		2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 30 Hz		2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz		3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [27]
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor
/drm/radeon [lower-alpha 8] Yes check.svgN/A
/drm/amdgpu [lower-alpha 8] N/AExperimental [28] Yes check.svg
  1. ↑ The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
  2. ↑ R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
  3. ↑ OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
  4. 1 2 3 The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
  5. ↑ Video processing ASIC for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
  6. 1 2 To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
  7. ↑ More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
  8. 1 2 DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

See also

Related Research Articles

AMD Accelerated Processing Unit Marketing term by AMD

The AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU), formerly known as Fusion, is the marketing term for a series of 64-bit microprocessors from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), designed to act as a central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) on a single die. APUs are general purpose processors that feature integrated graphics processors (IGPs).

The Radeon R700 is the engineering codename for a graphics processing unit series developed by Advanced Micro Devices under the ATI brand name. The foundation chip, codenamed RV770, was announced and demonstrated on June 16, 2008 as part of the FireStream 9250 and Cinema 2.0 initiative launch media event, with official release of the Radeon HD 4800 series on June 25, 2008. Other variants include enthusiast-oriented RV790, mainstream product RV730, RV740 and entry-level RV710.

Unified Video Decoder (UVD), previously called Universal Video Decoder, is the name given to AMD's dedicated video decoding ASIC. There are multiple versions implementing a multitude of video codecs, such as H.264 and VC-1.

Socket FS1 CPU socket for laptop AMD CPUs

The Socket FS1 is for notebooks using AMD APU processors codenamed Llano, Trinity and Richland.

Radeon HD 7000 series Series of video cards

The Radeon HD 7000 series, codenamed "Southern Islands", is a family of GPUs developed by AMD, and manufactured on TSMC's 28 nm process. The primary competitor of Southern Islands, Nvidia's GeForce 600 Series, also shipped during Q1 2012, largely due to the immaturity of the 28 nm process.

Socket FM1 CPU socket for AMD CPUs

Socket FM1 is a CPU socket for desktop computers used by AMD early A-series APUs ("Llano") processors and Llano-derived Athlon II processors. It was released in July 2011. Its direct successors are Socket FM2 and Socket FM2+, while Socket AM1 is targeting low-power SoCs.

Socket FM2 CPU socket for AMD CPUs

Socket FM2 is a CPU socket used by AMD's desktop Trinity and Richland APUs to connect to the motherboard as well as Athlon X2 and Athlon X4 processors based on them. FM2 was launched on September 27, 2012. Motherboards which feature the at the time new FM2 CPU socket also utilize AMD's at the time new A85X chipset.

Radeon HD 8000 series Family of GPUs by AMD

The Radeon HD 8000 series is a family of computer GPUs developed by AMD. AMD was initially rumored to release the family in the second quarter of 2013, with the cards manufactured on a 28 nm process and making use of the improved Graphics Core Next architecture. However the 8000 series turned out to be an OEM rebadge of the 7000 series.

Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA) is a cross-vendor set of specifications that allow for the integration of central processing units and graphics processors on the same bus, with shared memory and tasks. The HSA is being developed by the HSA Foundation, which includes AMD and ARM. The platform's stated aim is to reduce communication latency between CPUs, GPUs and other compute devices, and make these various devices more compatible from a programmer's perspective, relieving the programmer of the task of planning the moving of data between devices' disjoint memories.

The graphics processing unit (GPU) codenamed the Radeon R600 is the foundation of the Radeon HD 2000/3000 series and the FireGL 2007 series video cards developed by ATI Technologies.

ATI released the Radeon X300 and X600 boards. These were based on the RV370 and RV380 GPU respectively. They were nearly identical to the chips used in Radeon 9550 and 9600, only differing in that they were native PCI Express offerings. These were very popular for Dell and other OEM companies to sell in various configurations; connectors: DVI vs. DMS-59, card height: full-height vs. half-height.

AMD Excavator Family 15h is a microarchitecture developed by AMD to succeed Steamroller Family 15h for use in AMD APU processors and normal CPUs. On October 12, 2011, AMD revealed Excavator to be the code name for the fourth-generation Bulldozer-derived core.

Socket FM2+ is a CPU socket used by AMD's desktop "Kaveri" APUs (Steamroller-based) and Godavari APUs (Steamroller-based) to connect to the motherboard. The FM2+ has a slightly different pin configuration to Socket FM2 with two additional pin sockets. Socket FM2+ APUs are not compatible with Socket FM2 motherboards due to the aforementioned additional pins. However, socket FM2 APUs such as "Richland" and "Trinity" are compatible with the FM2+ socket.

Video Code Engine is AMD's video encoding application-specific integrated circuit implementing the video codec H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. Since 2012 it was integrated into all of their GPUs and APUs except Oland.

AMD Eyefinity Brand of AMD video card products

AMD Eyefinity is a brand name for AMD video card products that support multi-monitor setups by integrating multiple display controllers on one GPU. AMD Eyefinity was introduced with the Radeon HD 5000 Series "Evergreen" in September 2009 and has been available on APUs and professional-grade graphics cards branded AMD FirePro as well.

AMD's Socket FT3 or BGA-769 targets mobile devices and was designed for APUs codenamed Kabini and Temash, Beema and Mullins.

The Socket FT1 or BGA413 is a CPU socket released in January 2011 from AMD for its APUs codenamed Desna, Ontario, Zacate and Hondo. The uber name is "Brazos".

The Socket FP2 or µBGA-827 is a CPU socket for notebooks that was released in May 2012 by AMD with its APU processors codenamed Trinity and Richland.

The Socket FP3 or µBGA906 is a CPU socket for laptops that was released in June 2014 by AMD with its mobility APU products codenamed Kaveri.

AMD PowerTune Brand name by AMD

AMD PowerTune is a series of dynamic frequency scaling technologies built into some AMD GPUs and APUs that allow the clock speed of the processor to be dynamically changed by software. This allows the processor to meet the instantaneous performance needs of the operation being performed, while minimizing power draw, heat generation and noise avoidance. AMD PowerTune aims to solve thermal design power and performance constraints.

References

  1. ↑ "AMD PowerTune vs PowerPlay" (PDF). AMD. December 1, 2010.
  2. ↑ Marco Chiappetta (September 10, 2009). "ATI Radeon HD 4670, Redefining The Mainstream" . Retrieved December 10, 2018.
  3. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 30, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ↑ "Add amdgpu powerplay support". November 11, 2015.
  5. ↑ PC Watch image. Retrieved December 3, 2007. Notice the core speed in current clock settings section in gray.
  6. ↑ "AMD Announces the 7th Generation APU: Excavator mk2 in Bristol Ridge and Stoney Ridge for Notebooks". May 31, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
  7. ↑ "AMD Mobile "Carrizo" Family of APUs Designed to Deliver Significant Leap in Performance, Energy Efficiency in 2015" (Press release). November 20, 2014. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
  8. ↑ "The Mobile CPU Comparison Guide Rev. 13.0 Page 5 : AMD Mobile CPU Full List". TechARP.com. Retrieved December 13, 2017.
  9. 1 2 "AMD VEGA10 and VEGA11 GPUs spotted in OpenCL driver". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  10. ↑ Cutress, Ian (February 1, 2018). "Zen Cores and Vega: Ryzen APUs for AM4 – AMD Tech Day at CES: 2018 Roadmap Revealed, with Ryzen APUs, Zen+ on 12nm, Vega on 7nm". Anandtech. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  11. ↑ Larabel, Michael (November 17, 2017). "Radeon VCN Encode Support Lands in Mesa 17.4 Git". Phoronix. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  12. 1 2 "AMD Ryzen 5000G 'Cezanne' APU Gets First High-Res Die Shots, 10.7 Billion Transistors In A 180mm2 Package". wccftech. August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  13. ↑ Tony Chen; Jason Greaves, "AMD's Graphics Core Next (GCN) Architecture" (PDF), AMD, retrieved August 13, 2016
  14. ↑ "A technical look at AMD's Kaveri architecture". Semi Accurate. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
  15. ↑ "How do I connect three or More Monitors to an AMD Radeon™ HD 5000, HD 6000, and HD 7000 Series Graphics Card?". AMD. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  16. ↑ Airlie, David (November 26, 2009). "DisplayPort supported by KMS driver mainlined into Linux kernel 2.6.33" . Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  17. ↑ "Radeon feature matrix". freedesktop.org . Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  18. ↑ Deucher, Alexander (September 16, 2015). "XDC2015: AMDGPU" (PDF). Retrieved January 16, 2016.
  19. 1 2 Michel Dänzer (November 17, 2016). "[ANNOUNCE] xf86-video-amdgpu 1.2.0". lists.x.org.
  20. ↑ "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
  21. ↑ "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD . Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  22. ↑ "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  23. ↑ "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation . Retrieved April 20, 2018.
  24. ↑ "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  25. 1 2 3 Killian, Zak (March 22, 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
  26. ↑ Larabel, Michael (September 15, 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
  27. ↑ "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
  28. ↑ Larabel, Michael (December 7, 2016). "The Best Features of the Linux 4.9 Kernel". Phoronix . Retrieved December 7, 2016.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.