Alon Harris | |
---|---|
Education | Indiana University |
Occupation(s) | Clinical Scientist Professor of Ophthalmology |
Children | Jonathan and Danielle |
Medical career | |
Institutions | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Visiting Professorships Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LithuaniaBen Gurion University Medical Center, Be’er Sheva, Israel Tel Aviv University |
Research | Ophthalmology |
Alon Harris is an American clinical scientist, professor of ophthalmology and Professor of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, [1] [2] educator, inventor and researcher in the field of ocular blood flow and its relationship to diseases of the eye. Harris served as the principal or co-principal investigator on more than 60 research grants, published more than 392 peer-reviewed articles, and wrote 23 books and 70 book chapters. [3] [4] As of 2021, he holds two patents. Harris sits on the board of directors and the Scientific Advisory Board of The Glaucoma Foundation [5] and is the Vice Chair of International Research and Academic Affairs, co-director of the Center for Ophthalmic Artificial Intelligence and Human Health at Mount Sinai Hospital, and Director of the Ophthalmic Vascular Diagnostic and Research Program at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. [6]
Harris's post-doctorate training in medical science physiology was at Indiana University in 1990. He received an MS in 1985 and PhD in 1988 in human performance/physiology. Subsequently, he took positions at Indiana University School of Medicine, including the Lois Letzter Endowed Chair in Ophthalmology, [7] Professor of Ophthalmology, Professor of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, and Director, Glaucoma Research and Diagnostic Center, Department of Ophthalmology. [8] [9] He served as Director of Clinical Research at the Glick Eye Institute. [10] [11] Harris was co-chair, World Glaucoma Congress Consensus on Ocular Blood Flow, [12] and was a member of the international faculty board of the PhD program in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia.
Harris's clinical research focus includes: ocular blood flow; [13] glaucoma; intraocular pressure and hemodynamics related to eye disorders; [14] ophthalmic risk factor assessment; structural and functional progression monitoring; non-evasive imaging of diseases such as glaucoma; brain and eye physiology; modeling for factors that increase or decrease disease susceptibilities in terms of race, gender, and conditions such as diabetes. [8] [15] [16]
In collaboration with mathematicians, Harris uses modeling and artificial intelligence applications to increase precision of diagnostics and disease management. [1]
Harris has multiyear support from the National Science Foundation, grants from the NIH, American Diabetes Association and National Eye Institute. As of 2020, he has served as co-investigator or principal investigator (PI) on more than 60 grants related to ocular vascular physiology. [17] [18] [19] [7] He was co-PI on The Thessaloniki Eye Study, reportedly ophthalmology's largest population-based study. [12]
Harris is co-inventor on an international patent application, Methods and systems for patient specific identification and assessment of ocular disease risk factors and treatment efficacy, [20]
He developed and generated data for two patents: "Treatment of Macular Edema" [21] and "Method to increase retinal and optical nerve head blood flow velocity in order to preserve sight." [22] [23]
Harris is the founder and co-editor of Modeling and Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology (formerly Journal of Modeling in Ophthalmology). [24] [25] As of 2020, he is also on the board of the Journal of Ophthalmology, [26] Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, [27] Journal of Glaucoma, [28] and PLOS ONE. [29]
Partial list:
Google Scholar reports that Harris's publications are cited 18,871 times, that he has an h-index of 75 and an i10-index of 280. [4]
Partial list of peer-reviewed papers:
Partial list of honors and awards:
As of 2020, memberships include:
Ophthalmology is a clinical and surgical specialty within medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. A former term is oculism.
Retinopathy is any damage to the retina of the eyes, which may cause vision impairment. Retinopathy often refers to retinal vascular disease, or damage to the retina caused by abnormal blood flow. Age-related macular degeneration is technically included under the umbrella term retinopathy but is often discussed as a separate entity. Retinopathy, or retinal vascular disease, can be broadly categorized into proliferative and non-proliferative types. Frequently, retinopathy is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease as seen in diabetes or hypertension. Diabetes is the most common cause of retinopathy in the U.S. as of 2008. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-aged people. It accounts for about 5% of blindness worldwide and is designated a priority eye disease by the World Health Organization.
Diabetic retinopathy, is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries.
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Glaucoma may cause vision loss if left untreated. It has been called the "silent thief of sight" because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time. A major risk factor for glaucoma is increased pressure within the eye, known as intraocular pressure (IOP). It is associated with old age, a family history of glaucoma, and certain medical conditions or medications. The word glaucoma comes from the Ancient Greek word γλαυκός, meaning 'gleaming, blue-green, gray'.
Eye surgery, also known as ophthalmic surgery or ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa. Eye surgery is part of ophthalmology and is performed by an ophthalmologist or eye surgeon. The eye is a fragile organ, and requires due care before, during, and after a surgical procedure to minimize or prevent further damage. An eye surgeon is responsible for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure for the patient, and for taking the necessary safety precautions. Mentions of eye surgery can be found in several ancient texts dating back as early as 1800 BC, with cataract treatment starting in the fifth century BC. It continues to be a widely practiced class of surgery, with various techniques having been developed for treating eye problems.
Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye. This includes ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. Latanaprost is applied as eye drops to the eyes. Onset of effects is usually within four hours, and they last for up to a day.
Neovascularization is the natural formation of new blood vessels, usually in the form of functional microvascular networks, capable of perfusion by red blood cells, that form to serve as collateral circulation in response to local poor perfusion or ischemia.
Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug, or other substance, in which the substance is delivered into the vitreous humor of the eye. "Intravitreal" literally means "inside an eye". Intravitreal injections were first introduced in 1911 when Ohm gave an injection of air into the vitreous humor to repair a detached retina. In the mid-1940s, intravitreal injections became a standard way to administer drugs to treat endophthalmitis and cytomegalovirus retinitis.
Ocular ischemic syndrome is the constellation of ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion to the eye. Amaurosis fugax is a form of acute vision loss caused by reduced blood flow to the eye; it may be a warning sign of an impending stroke, as both stroke and retinal artery occlusion can be caused by thromboembolism due to atherosclerosis elsewhere in the body. Consequently, those with transient blurring of vision are advised to urgently seek medical attention for a thorough evaluation of the carotid artery. Anterior segment ischemic syndrome is a similar ischemic condition of anterior segment usually seen in post-surgical cases. Retinal artery occlusion leads to rapid death of retinal cells, thereby resulting in severe loss of vision.
The blood–retinal barrier, or the BRB, is part of the blood–ocular barrier that consists of cells that are joined tightly together to prevent certain substances from entering the tissue of the retina. It consists of non-fenestrated capillaries of the retinal circulation and tight-junctions between retinal epithelial cells preventing passage of large molecules from choriocapillaris into the retina.
Fundus photography involves photographing the rear of an eye, also known as the fundus. Specialized fundus cameras consisting of an intricate microscope attached to a flash enabled camera are used in fundus photography. The main structures that can be visualized on a fundus photo are the central and peripheral retina, optic disc and macula. Fundus photography can be performed with colored filters, or with specialized dyes including fluorescein and indocyanine green.
Blurred vision is an ocular symptom where vision becomes less precise and there is added difficulty to resolve fine details.
Intraocular hemorrhage is bleeding inside the eye. Bleeding can occur from any structure of the eye where there is vasculature or blood flow, including the anterior chamber, vitreous cavity, retina, choroid, suprachoroidal space, or optic disc.
Sohan Singh Hayreh was an ophthalmologist, clinical scientist, and professor emeritus of ophthalmology at the University of Iowa. As one of the pioneers in the field of fluorescein angiography, he was generally acknowledged to be a leading authority in vascular diseases of the eye and the optic nerve. For over 60 years, Hayreh was actively involved in basic, experimental, and clinical research in ophthalmology, publishing over 400 original peer-reviewed articles in various international ophthalmic journals, six classical monographs and books in his field of research, and more than 50 chapters in ophthalmic books. He made many seminal observations dealing with the ocular circulation in health and disease, the optic disc and the optic nerve, retinal and choroidal vascular disorders, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, fundus changes in malignant arterial hypertension, ocular neovascularization, rheumatologic disorders of the eye, and nocturnal arterial hypotension. He was an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences.
The Vision Institute is a research center in the Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital in Paris, France. It is one of several such centers in Europe on eye diseases.
Flammer syndrome is a described clinical entity comprising a complex of clinical features caused mainly by dysregulation of the blood supply. It was previously known as vascular dysregulation. It can manifest in many symptoms, such as cold hands and feet, and is often associated with low blood pressure. In certain cases it is associated with or predisposes to the development of diseases such as a normal tension glaucoma. Flammer syndrome is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Josef Flammer.
Josef Flammer is a Swiss ophthalmologist and long-time director of the Eye Clinic at Basel University Hospital. Flammer is a glaucoma specialist who developed a new pathogenetic concept of glaucomatous damage according to which unstable blood supply leads to oxidative stress, which in turn plays a major role in apoptosis of cells in the optic nerve and retina in glaucoma patients.
The Legacy Devers Eye Institute in Portland, Oregon, is one of the few private, non-profit centers for ophthalmological care, research, and training in the United States. The institute is affiliated with Legacy Health, a network of seven hospitals in Portland and Southwest Washington. Legacy Devers includes the Thelma and Gilbert Schnitzer Comprehensive Glaucoma Center.
Michael Belkin is an Israeli academic and researcher working in ophthalmology, Professor Emeritus of Ophthalmology at Tel Aviv University. His research brought about advances in glaucoma treatment such as the ExPress glaucoma implant, the Ioptimate CO2 laser glaucoma surgery and a fast, non-contact glaucoma laser treatment.
Secondary glaucoma is a collection of progressive optic nerve disorders associated with a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) which results in the loss of vision. In clinical settings, it is defined as the occurrence of IOP above 21 mmHg requiring the prescription of IOP-managing drugs. It can be broadly divided into two subtypes: secondary open-angle glaucoma and secondary angle-closure glaucoma, depending on the closure of the angle between the cornea and the iris. Principal causes of secondary glaucoma include optic nerve trauma or damage, eye disease, surgery, neovascularization, tumours and use of steroid and sulfa drugs. Risk factors for secondary glaucoma include uveitis, cataract surgery and also intraocular tumours. Common treatments are designed according to the type and the underlying causative condition, in addition to the consequent rise in IOP. These include drug therapy, the use of miotics, surgery or laser therapy.
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