Chiliques

Last updated
Chiliques
Volcano in Chile
Chiliques volcano.jpg
The Chiliques volcano, seen from Laguna Miscanti
Highest point
Elevation 5,778 m (18,957 ft)
Coordinates 23°35′0″S67°42′0″W / 23.58333°S 67.70000°W / -23.58333; -67.70000
Geography
Location Chile
Parent range Andes
Geology
Mountain type Stratovolcano
Last eruption Unknown

Chiliques is a stratovolcano located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. [1]

Chiliques is capped off by a 500 metres (1,600 ft) wide summit crater, which contains two crater lakes. One of these lakes is found in the northern part and the other east-southeastern part. [2] The volcano is formed by rocks ranging from andesite to dacite; the andesites of the main stratocone building phase contain pyroxene. [3] Together with Tumisa, Leija and Cordón de Puntas Negras it forms a northwest-trending volcano alignment. [4]

The first part of Chiliques to form was a block lava field, which still crops out northeast of the main volcano to a distance of 6.5 kilometres (4.0 mi). Lava flows with lengths of up to 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) then constructed the stratovolcano proper and were later buried by shorter (up to 5 kilometres (3.1 mi)) lava flows that cover a surface of 16.26 square kilometres (6.28 sq mi) around the summit crater. The Cerro Overo maar northeast of Chiliques is occasionally considered the last phase of Chiliques's activity, and the two have erupted rocks with similar chemical composition [3] but later research suggests that they are unrelated. [5] There is no evidence for historical activity. [2]

Over years, Chiliques has been monitored from space by ASTER imagery. [6] In 2002, the imagery showed evidence of a temperature anomaly on Chiliques, which occasionally reached a scale of 15 °C (27 °F). This temperature anomaly may reflect either thermal events in crater lakes or fumarolic activity, although evidence for the occurrence of either is equivocal. [6] Some of the anomalies were observed in the crater and others on the upper slopes of the volcano. [2] This anomaly lasted only a few months. [6] A subsequent expedition to the crater found no evidence of eruptions nor of any anomalous temperatures in the crater lake. Future eruptions are likely going to be lava flows and only impact the immediate surroundings of the volcano, although larger eruptions may impact the roads around Huaytiquina pass and Socaire. [5]

Magnetotelluric investigation of the region has shown evidence of a high-conductivity structure underground between Chiliques, Cordón de Puntas Negras and Láscar. This high conductivity zone reaches a depth of 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) at its southern end, and it might reflect the presence of magma underground. [7]

The lake Laguna Lejia lies north of Chiliques volcano, [8] other parts of the volcano drain into the Salar de Atacama; the volcano forms part of the drainage divide of the salar. [9] A pre-modern route goes up the mountain and aside from the steep slopes and height of the mountain, does not feature any major difficulties. [1]

The town of Socaire is found west of Chiliques, and the volcano has cultural importance to the town, with the volcano being considered the origin of the water for Socaire and part of a cosmological representation together with the neighbouring mountains Tumisa, Lausa, Ipira and Miñiques. [10] Seen from Socaire, the sun rises behind Chiliques during St. Bartholomew's Day; St. Bartholomew is an important saint for the town. [1] Archeological findings made on Chiliques include pottery, a stone room and an elliptical structure in the summit area. Additional platforms and stone structures are found lower on its slopes, and an Incan tambo even farther down. [10] Such archeological sites on mountains are common in Chile, with Licancabur and Cerro Quimal being examples of other mountains with such structures. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ojos del Salado</span> Highest volcano in the world

Nevado Ojos del Salado is a dormant complex volcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border. It is the highest volcano on Earth and the highest peak in Chile. The upper reaches of Ojos del Salado consist of several overlapping lava domes, lava flows and volcanic craters, with an only sparse ice cover. The complex extends over an area of 70–160 square kilometres (27–62 sq mi) and its highest summit reaches an altitude of 6,893 metres (22,615 ft) above sea level. Numerous other volcanoes rise around Ojos del Salado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Licancabur</span> Stratovolcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile

Licancabur is a stratovolcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile, south of the Sairecabur volcano and west of Juriques. Part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone, it has a prominent, 5,916-metre (19,409 ft)-high cone. A 400-metre (1,300 ft) summit crater containing Licancabur Lake, a crater lake which is among the highest lakes in the world, caps the volcano. Three stages of lava flows emanate from the edifice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Caldera del Atuel</span> Mountain in Argentina

Caldera del Atuel is a caldera in Argentina. It is the source of the Rio Atuel and has dimensions of 30 by 45 kilometres. Cerro Sosneado is a volcano located outside of the Atuel caldera, Volcan Overo and Las Lágrimas complex are located within the caldera. Holocene activity may have formed the cinder cones on the northeastern side of the caldera. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, the caldera was one of the volcanic centres that underwent subsidence, along with secondary earthquake activity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lascar (volcano)</span> A stratovolcano within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes

Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. The westernmost crater of the eastern cone is presently active. Volcanic activity is characterized by constant release of volcanic gas and occasional vulcanian eruptions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Incahuasi</span> Mountain in Argentina

Incahuasi is a volcanic mountain in the Andes of South America. It lies on the border of the Catamarca Province of Argentina and the Atacama Region of Chile. Incahuasi has a summit elevation of 6,621 metres (21,722 ft) above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nevado de Longaví</span> Volcano in Chile

Nevado de Longaví is a volcano in the Andes of central Chile. The 3,242 m (10,636 ft) high volcano lies in the Linares Province, which is part of the Maule Region. It features a summit crater and several parasitic vents. The volcano is constructed principally from lava flows. Two collapses of the edifice have carved collapse scars into the volcano, one on the eastern slope known as Lomas Limpias and another on the southwestern slope known as Los Bueye. The volcano features a glacier and the Achibueno and Blanco rivers originate on the mountain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Quetrupillán</span> Mountain in Chile

Quetrupillán is a stratovolcano located in Los Ríos Region of Chile. It is situated between Villarrica and Lanín volcanoes, within Villarrica National Park. Geologically, Quetrupillán is located in a tectonic basement block between the main traces of Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault and Reigolil-Pirihueico Fault.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miñiques</span> Volcanic complex in Chile

Miñiques is a massive volcanic complex containing a large number of craters, lava domes and flows, located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile. Located 21 km (13 mi) south of Volcán Chiliques and 26 km (16 mi) west of Cordón Puntas Negras, it is part of a frequently visited attraction conformed by the high plain lagoons Laguna Miscanti, Laguna Miñiques and the Cerro Miscanti volcano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Laguna Lejía</span>

Laguna Lejía is a salt lake located in the Altiplano of the Antofagasta Region of northern Chile. The landscape of the area is dominated by the volcanoes Chiliques, Lascar, Aguas Calientes and Acamarachi. It is shallow and has no outlet, covering a surface area of about 1.9 square kilometres (0.73 sq mi) in the present-day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paniri</span> Mountain in Chile

Paniri is a stratovolcano located in El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile, and near the border with Bolivia. To its northwest lie the twin volcanoes San Pedro and San Pablo, and to its southeast lies Cerro del León, from which it is separated by the huge Chao lava dome.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Pedro (Chile volcano)</span> One of the tallest active volcanoes in the world

San Pedro is a Holocene composite volcano in northern Chile and one of the tallest active volcanoes in the world. Part of the Chilean Andes' volcanic segment, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the four tracts of the Andean Volcanic Belt. This region of volcanism includes the world's two highest volcanoes Ojos del Salado and Llullaillaco. San Pedro, like other Andean volcanoes, was formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. It has a neighbouring volcano, San Pablo, and is itself formed by two separate edifices usually known as the Old Cone and the Young Cone. These edifices are formed by rocks ranging from basaltic andesite over andesite to dacite and are emplaced on a basement formed by Miocene volcanic rocks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerro del Azufre</span> Mountain in Chile

Cerro del Azufre is a stratovolcano located in El Loa Province, Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is part of a chain of volcanoes that separate Upper Loa River basin from Salar de Ascotán basin and is flanked to the west by a dacitic lava dome called Chanka or Pabellón. The 6000 metre volcanoes San Pedro and San Pablo are located to the southwest of Cerro del Azufre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sollipulli</span> Volcanic mountain in Chile

Sollipulli is an ice-filled volcanic caldera and volcanic complex, which lies southeast of the small town of Melipeuco in the La Araucanía Region, Chile. It is part of the Southern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the four volcanic belts in the Andes chain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cordón de Puntas Negras</span> Mountain in Chile

Cordón de Puntas Negras is a 500 km2 (193 sq mi) volcanic chain located east of the Salar de Atacama in Chile's Antofagasta Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palpana</span>

Palpana is a volcano in the Andes of Chile. It has a summit elevation of 6,040 metres (19,820 ft).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumisa</span>

Tumisa is a Pleistocene stratovolcano in the Andes. Located east of the Salar de Atacama, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, which since the Miocene has been subject to extensive andesitic/dacitic effusive activity and ignimbrite eruptions. The basement on which Tumisa is built includes Paleozoic rocks and more recent volcanic products of the Lejia volcano and the Atana and Patao ignimbrites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sairecabur</span> Volcano between Bolivia and Chile

Sairecabur is a volcano located on the frontier between Bolivia and Chile. It is part of the Andean Central Volcanic Zone. Sairecabur proper is 5,971 m (19,590 ft) high; other mountains in the range are 5,722 m (18,773 ft) high Curiquinca, 5,819 m (19,091 ft) high Escalante and 5,748 m (18,858 ft) high Cerro Colorado, all of which have erupted a number of lava flows. Also in close proximity to Sairecabur lie the volcanic centres Licancabur, Putana and Juriques.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lastarria</span> Stratovolcano on the border between Chile and Argentina

Lastarria is a 5,697 metres (18,691 ft) high stratovolcano that lies on the border between Chile and Argentina. It is remote, and the surroundings are uninhabited but can be reached through an unpaved road. The volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of the four segments of the volcanic arc of the Andes. Over a thousand volcanoes—of which about 50 are active—lie in this over 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) long chain of volcanoes, which is generated by subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Olca-Paruma</span> Volcanic complex in Chile

Olca-Paruma is a volcanic complex in Chile. Lying on the border between Chile and Bolivia, it is formed by an east–west alignment of volcanoes. From west to east, these are Cerro Paruma, Volcan Paruma, Olca, and Mencheca or Michincha. Aside from the mines of Ujina, Rosario, and Quebrada Blanca, the area is sparsely populated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerro Overo</span> Volcanic crater in Chile

Cerro Overo is a volcanic crater in Chile. It lies at the foot of Chiliques volcano and close to Laguna Lejía, over ignimbrites of Pliocene age erupted by the La Pacana volcano. It is 480 by 580 metres wide and 72 metres (236 ft) deep and formed through combined explosive-effusive eruptions. The lavas are of lower crustal provenience and are among the least silicic in the region.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Moyano, Ricardo; Uribe, Carlos (2012). "El volcán Chiliques y el 'morar-en-elmundo' de una comunidad atacameña del norte de Chile". Estudios Atacameños (43): 187–208. doi: 10.4067/S0718-10432012000100010 . ISSN   0718-1043.
  2. 1 2 3 Pieri, D; Abrams, M (2004-07-15). "ASTER watches the world's volcanoes: a new paradigm for volcanological observations from orbit". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Volcanic Observations from Space: New Results from the EOS Satellite Instruments. 135 (1–2): 24–26. Bibcode:2004JVGR..135...13P. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2003.12.018.
  3. 1 2 Ureta, Gabriel. "Caracterización geológica y geoquímica del maar Cerro Overo, Andes Centrales" (PDF). biblioserver.sernageomin.cl (in Spanish). SERNAGEOMIN. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2021.
  4. ↑ Zeil, Werner (December 1964). "Die Verbreitung des jungen Vulkanismus in der Hochkordillere Nordchiles". Geologische Rundschau (in German). 53 (2): 750. Bibcode:1964GeoRu..53..731Z. doi:10.1007/BF02054561. ISSN   0016-7835. S2CID   128979648.
  5. 1 2 Amigo, Álvaro R.; Bertin, Daniel U.; Orozco, Gabriel L. (2012). Peligros volcánicos de la Zona Norte de Chile (PDF) (Report). Carta geológica de Chile: Serie Geología Ambiental (in Spanish). Vol. 17. SERVICIO NACIONAL DE GEOLOGÍA Y MINERÍA. pp. 18–19. ISSN   0717-7305. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 29, 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 Jay, J. A.; Welch, M.; Pritchard, M. E.; Mares, P. J.; Mnich, M. E.; Melkonian, A. K.; Aguilera, F.; Naranjo, J. A.; Sunagua, M. (2013-03-04). "Volcanic hotspots of the central and southern Andes as seen from space by ASTER and MODVOLC between the years 2000 and 2010". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 380 (1): 162–179. Bibcode:2013GSLSP.380..161J. doi:10.1144/SP380.1. ISSN   0305-8719. S2CID   129450763.
  7. ↑ Díaz, Daniel; Brasse, Heinrich; Ticona, Faustino (March 2012). "Conductivity distribution beneath Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) and the Puna, inferred from magnetotelluric data". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 217: 27–28. Bibcode:2012JVGR..217...21D. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.12.007.
  8. ↑ Muñoz-Pedreros, Andrés; Ríos, Patricio De los; Möller, Patricia (2013). "Zooplankton in Laguna Lejía, a high-altitude Andean shallow lake of the Puna in northern Chile" (PDF). Crustaceana. 86 (13–14): 1634–1643. doi:10.1163/15685403-00003265. ISSN   1568-5403.
  9. ↑ Muñoz, Santiago (1894). Jeografía descriptiva de las provincias de Atacama i Antofagasta (in Spanish). Santiago de Chile : Impr. Gutenberg. pp.  27.
  10. 1 2 Moyano, Ricardo (January 2011). "Sub-tropical astronomy in the southern Andes: the ceque system in Socaire, Atacama, northern Chile". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union. 7 (S278): 93–103. doi: 10.1017/s1743921311012518 . ISSN   1743-9221.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.