| Cueros de Purulla | |
|---|---|
  Cueros de Purulla | |
| Highest point | |
| Coordinates | 26°33′S67°49′W / 26.550°S 67.817°W [1] |
Cueros de Purulla is a volcano in Argentina. It consists of a lava dome and an associated ignimbrite. A large eruption dated to c. 7820 BP deposited ash into the Valles Calchaquies.
The volcano lies in Catamarca Province of Argentina [2] 60–70 kilometres (37–43 mi) southeast of Antofagasta de la Sierra. [3] Cerro Blanco volcano lies 25 kilometres (16 mi) south of Cueros de Purulla. [1]
It is the northern of two lava domes which lie at the southern end of the Sierra de Calalaste [4] and on its eastern flank. [5] A 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) wide horseshoe-shaped collapse scar dominates the edifice of the lava dome and has generated large debris block. [6] and hummocky debris. [7] A second edifice developed within the collapse scar. [8] The total volume of the volcano is about 5.19 cubic kilometres (1.25 cu mi). [9]
The volcano is accompanied by ignimbrites [1] and a debris deposit consisting of obsidian lies at the foot of the dome. [4] Two volcanic fallout units are associated with Cueros de Purulla. A lower fallout unit consisting of lapilli and volcanic ash extends several kilometres from the volcano, and remnants occur as far as 180 kilometres (110 mi) from it. [10] The upper unit is formed by ignimbrites and pyroclastic density current deposits. [11]
The volcano is part of the Southern Puna high plateau, where during the Neogene-Quaternary volcanism associated with the Andean Central Volcanic Zone produced both calderas and monogenetic volcanoes. [12] The basement under Cueros de Purulla consists of Ordovician sediments, which are metamorphosed and intruded by volcanic rocks. This basement during the Permian was covered by continental sediments, and later during the Miocene to Holocene by volcanic rocks. [5]
Volcanic rocks erupted at Cueros de Purulla are rhyolites that define a potassium-rich calc-alkaline suite. [13] Mineralogically, the rocks contain allanite, amphibole, apatite, biotite, clinopyroxene, epidote, feldspar, ilmenite, magnetite, muscovite, quartz, titanite and zircon. [11] The volcanic rocks have been subdivided into three separate units, depending on whether they formed before the collapse or after it took place. [6]
For the past five millennia, [14] the volcano has been used as a source of obsidian, which occurs at 4,380 metres (14,370 ft) in the form of blocks and nodules of various colours, and is of high quality. [3] Reportedly, gold and silver can be found at the volcano. [15] [16]
The lava dome at Cueros de Purulla is 400,000 ± 100,000 years old [17] and produced volcanic units that resemble the older volcanics of Cerro Blanco; some were originally attributed to that volcano. [5] At first, "coulee" lava flows were erupted and a large lava dome grew. After the collapse, the same processes rebuild part of the volcano. Notably, there is no indication that Cueros de Purulla produced block-and-ash flows. [13] Based on the stratigraphic relations with volcanic rocks from Cerro Blanco, Cueros de Purulla was active during the last 73,000 years. [18] It is considered to be a low-risk volcano. [19]
The "El Paso ash" in the Tafí valley was emplaced between 11802 and 4289 years before present and may originate at Cueros de Purulla volcano. [20] A large eruption occurred during the Holocene, 7820 years before present (i.e. about 5870 BC). [21] Deposits from this eruption form the Cerro Paranilla Ash in the Calchaquí Valleys, [22] while a correlation to the 12,000-4,300 years before present [23] so-called "VO ash" is unlikely. [24] The eruption was highly explosive, forming a buoyant cloud [25] and depositing tephra as far as Cafayate in the Salta Province. [26] However, it is possible that deposits close to Cueros de Purulla might originate from activity at Cerro Blanco instead. [27] Seismic activity was registered in 2020 AD. [28]
Antofagasta de la Sierra is a volcanic field in Argentina. The main type of volcanic edifice in the area are scoria cones, it is formed by the La Laguna, Jote and Alumbrera volcanoes. The first and last of these form a sub-group which is better researched. Various dating methods have yielded ages from several million to several hundred thousand years ago, but some vents appear to be of Holocene age.
Socompa is a large stratovolcano on the border of Argentina and Chile. It has an elevation of 6,051 metres (19,852 ft) and is part of the Chilean and Argentine Andean Volcanic Belt (AVB). Socompa is within the Central Volcanic Zone, one of the segments of the AVB which contains about 44 active volcanoes. It begins in Peru and runs first through Bolivia and Chile, and then Argentina and Chile. Socompa lies close to the pass of the same name where the Salta-Antofagasta railway crosses the Chilian border.
Lascar is a stratovolcano in Chile within the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, a volcanic arc that spans Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. The westernmost crater of the eastern cone is presently active. Volcanic activity is characterized by constant release of volcanic gas and occasional vulcanian eruptions.
Cerro Galán is a caldera in the Catamarca Province of Argentina. It is one of the largest exposed calderas in the world and forms part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, one of the three volcanic belts found in South America. One of several major caldera systems in the Central Volcanic Zone, the mountain is grouped into the Altiplano–Puna volcanic complex.
Taapaca is a Holocene volcanic complex in northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region. Located in the Chilean Andes, it is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andean Volcanic Belt, one of four distinct volcanic chains in South America. The town of Putre lies at the southwestern foot of the volcano.
The Andagua volcanic field is a volcanic field in southern Peru which includes a number of cinder cones, lava domes and lava flows which have filled the Andagua Valley. The volcanic field is part of a larger volcanic province that clusters around the Colca River and is mostly of Pleistocene age, although the Andagua sector also features volcanic cones with historical activity, with the last eruption about 370 years ago. Eruptions were mostly effusive, generating lava flows, cones and small eruption columns. Future eruptions are possible, and there is ongoing fumarolic activity. Volcanic activity in the field has flooded the Andahua valley with lava flows, damming local watersheds in the Laguna de Chachas, Laguna Mamacocha and Laguna Pumajallo lakes and burying the course of the Andagua River. The Andahua valley segment of the larger volcanic province was declared a geopark in 2015.
Cerro Blanco is a caldera in the Andes of the Catamarca Province in Argentina. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, it is a volcano collapse structure located at an altitude of 4,670 metres (15,320 ft) in a depression. The caldera is associated with a less well-defined caldera to the south and several lava domes.
La Hoyada is a volcanic complex in the Andes, directly southwest of Cerro Blanco and east of the San Buenaventura mountain range.
Negro de Chorrillos is a volcano in the Andes.
Pairique volcanic complex is a volcanic complex in the Jujuy Province, Argentina.
San Jerónimo is a volcano in Argentina. It is located 18 kilometres (11 mi) from San Antonio de los Cobres and the lava flows are visible from the road.
Vicuña Pampa is a volcano in Argentina. It is part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes and is located on the southeastern margin of the Puna plateau. It consists out of a 30 kilometres (19 mi) wide volcanic complex that is constructed by outwards-propagating lava flows. The centre of the complex is carved out by a 18 kilometres (11 mi) wide depression, which was originally interpreted as a caldera but appears to be erosional in origin. It is drained southward by the Rio Vicuña Pampa.
Antofalla is a Miocene-Pliocene volcano in Argentina's Catamarca Province. It is part of the volcanic segment of the Andes in Argentina, and it is considered to be part of the Central Volcanic Zone, one of the volcanic zones of the Andes. Antofalla forms a group of volcanoes that are aligned on and behind the main volcanic arc. Antofalla itself is a remote volcano.
Purupuruni is a group of lava domes in southern Peru and a correlative geological formation. They are among the many volcanoes that exist in Peru and whose activity has been associated with the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. Purupuruni is associated with a geothermal field and a caldera. Volcanic activity occurred during the Pleistocene 53,000 ± 8,000 years ago but also during the Holocene about 5,300 ± 1,100 years ago; today the volcano is considered to be a low hazard volcano but is being monitored nevertheless.
Pasto Ventura is an area in the Catamarca Province of Argentina. It features about 14 small Pleistocene volcanoes, mostly cinder cones with associated lava flows but also lava domes, tuff rings and two maars. The volcanoes are accompanied by pyroclastic deposits and their total volume reaches about 0.42 cubic kilometres (0.10 cu mi). Argon-argon dating has yielded ages ranging from 1.3 million years to about 270,000 years for volcanic rocks in the field.
Cerro Tuzgle is a dormant stratovolcano in the Susques Department of Jujuy Province in northwestern Argentina. Tuzgle is a prominent volcano of the back arc of the Andes and lies about 280 kilometres (170 mi) east of the main volcanic arc. Part of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes, its summit is 5,486 metres (17,999 ft) above sea level and it grew during different stages over a caldera and lava domes. Some major lava flows emanate from the summit crater, and one confirmed and one possible flank collapse unit as well as an ignimbrite sheet are associated with Tuzgle.
Nevado Tres Cruces is a massif of volcanic origin in the Andes Mountains on the border of Argentina and Chile. It has two main summits, Tres Cruces Sur at 6,748 metres (22,139 ft) and Tres Cruces Centro at 6,629 m (21,749 ft) and a third minor summit, Tres Cruces Norte 6,030 m (19,780 ft). Tres Cruces Sur is the sixth highest mountain in the Andes.
Cerro Torta is a dacitic lava dome in Argentina. Approximately 600 metres (2,000 ft) high, it covers an area of 14 square kilometres (5.4 sq mi) with 2.8 cubic kilometres (0.67 cu mi) of rocks. Cerro Torta is about 430,000 years old and is part of a recent volcanic series together with Cueros de Purulla and Cerro Blanco. A seismic swarm recorded on the 23 January 2009 at Cerro Torta most likely reflects underground movement of magma, but a source in tectonic faulting close to the dome is also possible. There are also underground anomalies in seismic tomography images.
Coranzulí is a Miocene caldera in northern Argentina's Jujuy Province. Part of the Argentine Andes' volcanic segment, it is considered a member of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ). At the heart of the CVZ lies the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, a group of volcanoes of which Coranzulí is a part: the complex has produced large ignimbrite sheets with a combined volume approaching 15,000 cubic kilometres (3,600 cu mi).
Cerro Panizos is a late Miocene-age shield-shaped volcano spanning the Potosi Department of Bolivia and the Jujuy Province of Argentina. It features two calderas and a group of lava domes. It is part of the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex (APVC), a group of calderas and associated ignimbrites that erupted during the past ten million years. Cerro Panizos is part of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), a volcanic arc that extends from Peru to Chile which was formed mostly by subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath South America.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)