Chromium(III) nitrate

Last updated
Chromium(III) nitrate
Chromium nitrate.svg
Chemical structure of [Cr(H2O)6](NO3)3
Cr(aq)6(NO3)3(aq)3.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Chromium(III) nitrate
Other names
Nitric acid, chromium(3+) salt
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.550 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • GB6300000
UNII
UN number 2720
  • InChI=1S/Cr.3NO3/c;3*2-1(3)4/q+2;3*-1 Yes check.svgY
    Key: BXWGVGRRIQRLLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Yes check.svgY
  • InChI=1/Cr.3NO3/c;3*2-1(3)4/q+2;3*-1
    Key: BXWGVGRRIQRLLZ-UHFFFAOYAO
  • [Cr+3].O=N([O-])=O.[O-]N(=O)=O.[O-]N(=O)=O
Properties
Cr(NO3)3 (anhydrous)
[Cr(H2O)6](NO3)3•3H2O (nonahydrate)
Molar mass 238.011 g/mol (anhydrous)
400.21 g/mol (nonahydrate)
AppearanceBlue-violet crystals (anhydrous)
Purple crystals (nonahydrate)
Density 1.85 g/cm3 (nonahydrate)
Melting point 60.06 °C (140.11 °F; 333.21 K) nonahydrate
Boiling point >100 °C (212 °F; 373 K) (decomposes)
81 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704.svgHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazard OX: Oxidizer. E.g. potassium perchlorate
3
0
1
OX
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
3250 mg/kg (rat, oral, nonahydrate)
110 mg/kg (mouse, oral) [1]
Safety data sheet (SDS) Oxford MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Yes check.svgY  verify  (what is  Yes check.svgYX mark.svgN ?)

Chromium(III) nitrate describes several inorganic compounds consisting of chromium, nitrate and varying amounts of water. Most common is the dark violet hygroscopic solid. An anhydrous green form is also known. Chromium(III) nitrate compounds are of a limited commercial importance, finding some applications in the dyeing industry. [2] It is common in academic laboratories for the synthesis of chromium coordination complexes.

Contents

Structure

The relatively complicated formula - [Cr(H2O)6](NO3)33H2O - betray a simple structure of this material. The chromium centers are bound to six aquo ligands, and the remaining volume of the solid is occupied by three nitrate anions and three molecules of water of crystallization. [3]

Properties and preparation

The anhydrous salt forms green crystals and is very soluble in water (in contrast to anhydrous chromium(III) chloride which dissolves very slowly except under special conditions). At 100 °C it decomposes. The red-violet hydrate is highly soluble in water. Chromium nitrate is used in the production of alkali metal-free catalysts and in pickling.

Chromium nitrate can be prepared by dissolving chromium oxide in nitric acid. [2]

Related Research Articles

In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) chloride (also called chromic chloride) is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula CrCl3. It forms several hydrates with the formula CrCl3·nH2O, among which are hydrates where n can be 5 (chromium(III) chloride pentahydrate CrCl3·5H2O) or 6 (chromium(III) chloride hexahydrate CrCl3·6H2O). The anhydrous compound with the formula CrCl3 are violet crystals, while the most common form of the chromium(III) chloride are the dark green crystals of hexahydrate, CrCl3·6H2O. Chromium chlorides find use as catalysts and as precursors to dyes for wool.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium trioxide</span> Chemical compound

Chromium trioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO3. It is the acidic anhydride of chromic acid, and is sometimes marketed under the same name. This compound is a dark-purple solid under anhydrous conditions and bright orange when wet. The substance dissolves in water accompanied by hydrolysis. Millions of kilograms are produced annually, mainly for electroplating. Chromium trioxide is a powerful oxidiser, a mutagen, and a carcinogen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrF3. It forms several hydrates. The compound CrF3 is a green crystalline solid that is insoluble in common solvents, but the hydrates [Cr(H2O)6]F3 (violet) and [Cr(H2O)6]F3·3H2O (green) are soluble in water. The anhydrous form sublimes at 1100–1200 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium chromate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium chromate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2CrO4. This yellow solid is the potassium salt of the chromate anion. It is a common laboratory chemical, whereas sodium chromate is important industrially.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) chloride describes inorganic compounds with the formula CrCl2(H2O)n. The anhydrous solid is white when pure, however commercial samples are often grey or green; it is hygroscopic and readily dissolves in water to give bright blue air-sensitive solutions of the tetrahydrate Cr(H2O)4Cl2. Chromium(II) chloride has no commercial uses but is used on a laboratory-scale for the synthesis of other chromium complexes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uranyl chloride</span> Chemical compound

Uranyl chloride refers to inorganic compounds with the formula UO2Cl2(H2O)n where n = 0, 1, or 3. These are yellow-colored salts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Vanadium(III) bromide, also known as vanadium tribromide, describes the inorganic compounds with the formula VBr3 and its hydrates. The anhydrous material is a green-black solid. In terms of its structure, the compound is polymeric with octahedral vanadium(III) surrounded by six bromide ligands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium compounds</span> Chemical compounds containing chromium

Chromium compounds are compounds containing the element chromium (Cr). Chromium is a member of group 6 of the transition metals. The +3 and +6 states occur most commonly within chromium compounds, followed by +2; charges of +1, +4 and +5 for chromium are rare, but do nevertheless occasionally exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compounds with the formula Cr2(SO4)3.x(H2O), where x can range from 0 to 18. Additionally, ill-defined but commercially important "basic chromium sulfates" are known. These salts are usually either violet or green solids that are soluble in water. It is commonly used in tanning leather.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) sulfate</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CrSO4. It often comes as hydrates CrSO4·nH2O. Several hydrated salts are known. The pentahydrate CrSO4·5H2O is a blue solid that dissolves readily in water. Solutions of chromium(II) are easily oxidized by air to Cr(III) species. Solutions of Cr(II) are used as specialized reducing agents of value in organic synthesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(II) fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(II) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrF2. It exists as a blue-green iridescent solid. Chromium(II) fluoride is sparingly soluble in water, almost insoluble in alcohol, and is soluble in boiling hydrochloric acid, but is not attacked by hot distilled sulfuric acid or nitric acid. Like other chromous compounds, chromium(II) fluoride is oxidized to chromium(III) oxide in air.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bismuth(III) nitrate</span> Chemical compound

Bismuth(III) nitrate is a salt composed of bismuth in its cationic +3 oxidation state and nitrate anions. The most common solid form is the pentahydrate. It is used in the synthesis of other bismuth compounds. It is available commercially. It is the only nitrate salt formed by a group 15 element, indicative of bismuth's metallic nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromium(III) phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Chromium(III) phosphate describes inorganic compounds with the chemical formula CrPO4·(H2O)n, where n = 0, 4, or 6. All are deeply colored solids. Anhydrous CrPO4 is green. The hexahydrate CrPO4·6H2O is violet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium nitrates</span> Chemical compound

Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the +3 or +4 oxidation state. Often these compounds contain water, hydroxide, or hydronium ions in addition to cerium and nitrate. Double nitrates of cerium also exist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorium(IV) nitrate</span> Chemical compound

Thorium(IV) nitrate is a chemical compound, a salt of thorium and nitric acid with the formula Th(NO3)4. A white solid in its anhydrous form, it can form tetra- and pentahydrates. As a salt of thorium it is weakly radioactive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition metal nitrate complex</span> Compound of nitrate ligands

A transition metal nitrate complex is a coordination compound containing one or more nitrate ligands. Such complexes are common starting reagents for the preparation of other compounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Neodymium compounds</span> Chemical compounds with at least one neodymium atom

Neodymium compounds are compounds formed by the lanthanide metal neodymium (Nd). In these compounds, neodymium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as NdCl3, Nd2(SO4)3 and Nd(CH3COO)3. Compounds with neodymium in the +2 oxidation state are also known, such as NdCl2 and NdI2. Some neodymium compounds have colors that vary based upon the type of lighting.

Cobalt compounds are chemical compounds formed by cobalt with other elements.

Erbium compounds are compounds containing the element erbium (Er). These compounds are usually dominated by erbium in the +3 oxidation state, although the +2, +1 and 0 oxidation states have also been reported.

References

  1. "Chromium(III) compounds [as Cr(III)]". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. 1 2 Anger, Gerd; Halstenberg, Jost; Hochgeschwender, Klaus; Scherhag, Christoph; Korallus, Ulrich; Knopf, Herbert; Schmidt, Peter; Ohlinger, Manfred (2000). "Chromium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_067. ISBN   978-3527306732.
  3. Lazar, D.; Ribár, B.; Divjaković, V.; Mészáros, Cs. (1991). "Structure of Hexaaquachromium(III) Nitrate Trihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 47 (5): 1060–1062. doi:10.1107/S0108270190012628.