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An unidentified flying object (UFO), or unidentified aerial phenomenon (UAP), is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained. Upon investigation, most UFOs are identified as known objects or atmospheric phenomena, while a small number remain unexplained.
UFO conspiracy theories are a subset of conspiracy theories which argue that various governments and politicians globally, in particular the United States government, are suppressing evidence that unidentified flying objects are controlled by a non-human intelligence or built using alien technology. Such conspiracy theories usually argue that Earth governments are in communication or cooperation with extraterrestrial visitors despite public disclaimers, and further that some of these theories claim that the governments are explicitly allowing alien abduction.
Majestic 12, also known as MJ-12 for short, is a purported organization that appears in UFO conspiracy theories. The organization is claimed to be the code name of an alleged secret committee of scientists, military leaders, and government officials, formed in 1947 by an executive order by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to facilitate recovery and investigation of alien spacecraft. The concept originated in a series of supposedly leaked secret government documents first circulated by ufologists in 1984. Upon examination, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) declared the documents to be "completely bogus", and many ufologists consider them to be an elaborate hoax. Majestic 12 remains popular among some UFO conspiracy theorists and the concept has appeared in popular culture including television, film and literature.
John Alva Keel, born Alva John Kiehle, was an American journalist and influential UFOlogist who is best known as author of The Mothman Prophecies.
Fortean Times is a British monthly magazine devoted to the anomalous phenomena popularised by Charles Fort. Previously published by John Brown Publishing, I Feel Good Publishing, Dennis Publishing, and Exponent (2021), as of December 2021 it is published by Diamond Publishing, part of Metropolis International.
The Maury Island incident refers to claims made by Fred Crisman and Harold Dahl of falling debris and threats by men in black following sightings of unidentified flying objects in the sky over Maury Island in Puget Sound. The pair would later claim the events had occurred on June 21, 1947.
In ufology, the psychosocial hypothesis, abbreviated PSH, argues that at least some UFO reports are best explained by psychological or social means. It is often contrasted with the better-known extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and is particularly popular among UFO researchers in the United Kingdom, such as David Clarke, Hilary Evans, the editors of Magonia magazine, and many of the contributors to Fortean Times magazine. It has also been popular in France since the publication in 1977 of a book written by Michel Monnerie, Et si les ovnis n'existaient pas?.
Spring-heeled Jack is an entity in English folklore of the Victorian era. The first claimed sighting of Spring-heeled Jack was in 1837. Later sightings were reported all over the United Kingdom and were especially prevalent in suburban London, the Midlands and Scotland.
The Flatwoods monster, in West Virginia folklore, is an entity reported to have been sighted in the town of Flatwoods in Braxton County, West Virginia, United States, on September 12, 1952, after a bright object crossed the night sky. Over 50 years later, some investigators have stated that they believe the light was a meteor and the creature was a barn owl perched in a tree with shadows making it appear to be a large humanoid.
Nicholas Redfern is a British best-selling author, journalist, cryptozoologist and ufologist.
In ufology, conspiracy theory, science fiction, and comic book stories, claims or stories have circulated linking UFOs to Nazi Germany. The German UFO theories describe supposedly successful attempts to develop advanced aircraft or spacecraft prior to and during World War II, further asserting the post-war survival of these craft in secret underground bases in Antarctica, South America, or the United States, along with their creators.
Project Condign was a secret unidentified flying object (UFO) study undertaken by the British Government's Defence Intelligence Staff (DIS) between 1997 and 2000.
This is a list of notable alleged sightings of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) in the United Kingdom. Many more sightings have become known since the gradual release, between 2008 and 2013, of the Ministry of Defence's UFO sighting reports by the National Archives. In recent years, there have been many sightings of groups of slowly moving lights in the night sky, which can be easily explained as Chinese lanterns. Undertaken between 1997 and 2000, Project Condign concluded that all the investigated sightings of unidentified aerial phenomena in the UK could be attributed to misidentified but explicable objects, or poorly understood natural phenomena.
A UFO convention is a convention about UFOs that usually take place annually at hotels or convention centers. Historically, many would mainly feature contactees giving presentations about their experiences. Other topics, like UFO conspiracy theories, general conspiracy theories, and other paranormal phenomena are often discussed.
Cedric Allingham is a fictional British writer reputed in the 1954 book Flying Saucer from Mars to have encountered the pilot of a Martian spacecraft. It was speculated that Allingham's account was fabricated and that Allingham himself never existed. Three decades later the elaborate hoax was revealed to have been perpetrated by British astronomer Patrick Moore and his friend Peter Davies.
Hilary Agard Evans was a British pictorial archivist, author, and researcher into UFOs and other paranormal phenomena.
The interdimensional hypothesis is a proposal that unidentified flying object (UFO) sightings are the result of experiencing other "dimensions" that coexist separately alongside our own in contrast with either the extraterrestrial hypothesis that suggests UFO sightings are caused by visitations from outside the Earth or the psychosocial hypothesis that argues UFO sightings are best explained as psychological or social phenomenon.
The UFO Files: The Inside Story of Real-Life Sightings, published by The National Archives in 2009, is an official history of British UFO reports. The author, David Clarke, is a senior lecturer in journalism at Sheffield Hallam University.
In the afternoon of 23 April 2007, Ray Bowyer, a pilot flying south towards the island of Alderney in the English Channel sighted unidentified flying objects. He reported the sighting to an air traffic controller who told him that a second pilot had seen something similar. In Bowyer's report to the British Civil Aviation Authority he said he saw two bright, stationary objects. Two passengers on Bowyer's aircraft said that they saw unusual coloured lights at the same time. Proposed explanations for the sighting have included earthquake lights and sun dogs.
References
- ↑ RCUK
- ↑ National Archives UFO Highlights Guide
- ↑ Dr David Clarke About me
- 1 2 3 Sheffield Hallam University Staff Profile
- ↑ Journalism@SHU staff profiles
- ↑ Centre for Contemporary Legend research
- ↑ Contemporary legend research
- ↑ US base's report of UFO crash 'had MoD in a panic'
- ↑ Flying Saucer Working party
- ↑ "How Churchill chased flying saucers". The Guardian . 21 October 2001. Archived from the original on 22 October 2022.
- ↑ The Condign Report – Britain's Secret U.F.O. Study
- 1 2 The National Archives UFO Files
- ↑ Do you believe in UFOs?
- ↑ UFO Desk – Closed
- ↑ Files explain why MoD closed down special desk
- ↑ Thanks to the UFO files release, the truth is out there
- ↑ The National Archives podcast
- ↑ Amazon author page
- ↑ "UFO author Dr David Clarke reacts to MoD files". Daily Telegraph. 18 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ↑ Britain’s X-Files
- ↑ Britain's X Files History Channel
- ↑ BBC: Portillo’s State Secrets
- ↑ The National Archives: Portillo’s State Secrets
- ↑ Portillo’s Hidden History of Britain, Series 1 Episode 2, Orford Ness
- ↑ Carolyn Waudby, Sheffield Hallam University [ failed verification ]
- ↑ Hunting the Northern Lights, 16 January 2014 on Clarke's blog
- ↑ Star Interview: Sheffield expert with the key to Britain’s X-Files puts UFOs in the picture, Sheffield Star 26 September 2017 Archived 7 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine
