Ewondo | |
---|---|
Beti | |
Region | Cameroon |
Native speakers | (580,000 cited 1982) [1] |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | Cameroon |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-2 | ewo |
ISO 639-3 | ewo |
Glottolog | ewon1239 |
A.72 [2] |
Ewondo or Beti is a Bantu language spoken by the Beti people (more precisely Beti be Nanga, the people of the forest, or simply Beti) of Cameroon. The language had 577,700 native speakers in 1982. Ewondo is a trade language. Dialects include Badjia (Bakjo), Bafeuk, Bemvele (Mvele, Yezum, Yesoum), Bane, Beti, Enoah, Evouzom, Mbida-Bani, Mvete, Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yabeka, and Yabekanga. Ewondo speakers live primarily in Cameroon's Centre Region and the northern part of the Océan division in the South Region.
Ewondo is a Bantu language. It is a language of the Beti people , and is intelligible with Eton.
In 2011 there was a concern among Cameroonian linguists that the language was being displaced in the country by French. [3]
Ewondo (Beti) covers the whole of the departments of Mfoundi, Mefou-et-Afamba, Mefou-et-Akono, Nyong-et-So'o, Nyong-et-Mfoumou (Central Region), and part of Océan Department (Southern Region). [4]
The Ewondo language originated in the forests south of the Sanaga river.
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | k͡p | ||
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡ͡b | |||
Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | |||||
voiced | d͡z | ||||||
prenasal | ⁿd͡z | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
voiced | v | z | |||||
prenasal | ᶬv | ||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Lateral | l | ||||||
Rhotic | r | ||||||
Approximant | j | w |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-mid | e | ə | o |
Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
Open | a |
Uppercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | D | Dz | E | Ə | Ɛ | F | G | Gb | H | I | K | Kp | L | M | Mb | Mgb | Mv | N | Nd | Ndz | Ng | Ny | Ŋ | O | Ɔ | P | R | U | T | Ts | S | V | W | Y | Z |
Lowercase | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | d | dz | e | ə | ɛ | f | g | gb | h | i | k | kp | l | m | mb | mgb | mv | n | nd | ndz | ng | ny | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | u | t | ts | s | v | w | y | z |
Phonemes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
a | b | d | d͡z | e | ə | ɛ | f | ɡ | ɡ͡b | h | i | k | k͡p | l | m | m͡b | mɡ͡b | ɱ͡v | n | n͡d | nd͡z | ŋ͡ɡ | ɲ | ŋ | o | ɔ | p | r | u | t | t͡s | s | v | w | j | z |
The tones are indicated with diacritics on the vowels:
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The Beti-Pahuin are a Bantu ethnic group located in Center region of Cameroon. Though they separate themselves into several individual clans, they all share a common origin, history and culture. Estimated to be well over 8 million individuals in the early 21st century, they form the largest ethnic group in central Cameroon and its capital city of Yaounde. Their Beti languages are mutually intelligible.
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Kako is a Bantu language spoken mainly in Cameroon, with some speakers in the Central African Republic and the Republic of the Congo. The main population centres of Kako speakers are Batouri and Ndélélé in the East Region of Cameroon.
Afade (Afaɗə) is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in eastern Nigeria and northwestern Cameroon.
Kol is a Niger–Congo language of the Bantu family, associated with the Bikélé ethnic group. It is spoken in the East Province of Cameroon, in the vicinity of Messaména. Alternate names for Kol language include Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bikélé, and Bekol.
The Kwasio language, also known as Ngumba / Mvumbo, Bujeba, and Gyele / Kola, is a language of Cameroon, spoken in the south along the coast and at the border with Equatorial Guinea by some 70,000 members of the Ngumba, Kwasio, Gyele and Mabi peoples. Many authors view Kwasio and the Gyele/Kola language as distinct. In the Ethnologue, the languages therefore receive different codes: Kwasio has the ISO 639-3 code nmg, while Gyele has the code gyi. The Kwasio, Ngumba, and Mabi are village farmers; the Gyele are nomadic Pygmy hunter-gatherers living in the rain forest.
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Nzime (Koonzime) is a Bantu language of Cameroon, spoken by the Nzime and Dwe'e (Bajwe'e) people. Maho (2009) lists these as two languages.
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Pol is a Bantu language of Cameroon. Pol proper is spoken in central Cameroon; the Pomo and Kweso dialects are spoken in Congo and the CAR near the Cameroonian border.
Mpumpong (Mpongmpong) is a Bantu language of Cameroon. Maho (2009) considers Mpiemo to be a dialect.
Karang language is an Mbum language of Cameroon and Chad.
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Swo is a Bantu language of the Akonolinga area, Cameroon. Spellings of the name are quite variable, including So, Sso, Shwo, and Fo. One dialect has been influenced by Beti.
Bebele is a Bantu language of Cameroon. It is mutually intelligible with other Beti dialects such as Ewondo and Fang.
Bebil (Gbïgbïl) is a Bantu language of Cameroon. It is mutually intelligible with other Beti dialects.
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